Geographic Information SystemsGeographic Information Systems

Cloud GISCloud GIS

► The use of computing resources (hardware The use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service and software) that are delivered as a service over the Internetover the Internet

► The name comes from the use of a cloud-The name comes from the use of a cloud-shaped symbol to represent the complex shaped symbol to represent the complex infrastructure it contains in system diagramsinfrastructure it contains in system diagrams

Cloud ComputingCloud Computing

► Traditionally people rely on their own Traditionally people rely on their own personal computers for every task, butpersonal computers for every task, but

- - PCs have limited processing capacityPCs have limited processing capacity - The utilization of personal computers is low- The utilization of personal computers is low

► A new trend in information technology, A new trend in information technology, moving software from personal computers moving software from personal computers to the Internetto the Internet

Cloud ComputingCloud Computing

► Upload and manage photos onlineUpload and manage photos online► Share photos with family and friendsShare photos with family and friends► Post photos everywhere on the webPost photos everywhere on the web

e.g. Flickre.g. Flickr

► Cloud services are the use of computer Cloud services are the use of computer resources (hardware and software) in cloud resources (hardware and software) in cloud systemssystems

► One may rent cloud services, such as One may rent cloud services, such as editing, managing, and sharing photos, the editing, managing, and sharing photos, the same way as one rents textbooks from same way as one rents textbooks from bookstoresbookstores

Cloud Computing ..Cloud Computing ..

Web-GISWeb-GIS

DatDataa

DatDataa

OptionalSeparate datastorage

Internet orIntranet

Internet orIntranet

Server(s)Clients

► A cloud system is like a giant centralized A cloud system is like a giant centralized serverserver

► Like power plants that deliver electricity to Like power plants that deliver electricity to customers through power gridscustomers through power grids

► Cloud systems deliver computing resources Cloud systems deliver computing resources to end users through the internetto end users through the internet

Cloud Computing ..Cloud Computing ..

Power PlantsPower Plants Power GridsPower Grids CustomersCustomers

► The term ‘cloud’ is used as a metaphor for The term ‘cloud’ is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the cloud-like symbol the Internet, based on the cloud-like symbol used in the past to represent the telephone used in the past to represent the telephone networknetwork

History of Cloud ComputingHistory of Cloud Computing

http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=707508

► The concept of cloud computing dates back The concept of cloud computing dates back to 1961, when Prof. John MacCarthy to 1961, when Prof. John MacCarthy predicted that ‘computation may someday predicted that ‘computation may someday be organized as a public utility.’be organized as a public utility.’

http://www.complush.com/internet-network-connection/http://www.complush.com/internet-network-connection/

► In 1991, Salesforce.com, one of the first In 1991, Salesforce.com, one of the first movers in cloud computing, introduced the movers in cloud computing, introduced the concept of delivering enterprise applications concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple websitevia a simple website

History ..History ..

► In 2002, Amazon launched its cloud In 2002, Amazon launched its cloud serviceservice

► Google brought cloud computing to the Google brought cloud computing to the forefront of public consciousness by forefront of public consciousness by introducing Google Docs in 2006introducing Google Docs in 2006

http://www.cloudtweaks.com/2011/02/a-history-of-cloud-computing/http://www.cloudtweaks.com/2011/02/a-history-of-cloud-computing/

History ..History ..

► In the following years, IBM, Microsoft, In the following years, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, and a host of companies joined Oracle, and a host of companies joined cloud computingcloud computing

History ..History ..

http://eatenbylinux.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/cloud-computing-providers.jpg

► Software as a Service (SaaS)Software as a Service (SaaS)► Platform as a Service (PaaS)Platform as a Service (PaaS)► Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Cloud Computing ModelsCloud Computing Models

Cloud System ..Cloud System ..

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cloud_computing.svg

► Cloud providers operate application Cloud providers operate application software in the cloud and users access the software in the cloud and users access the software from the client side software from the client side

► Users do not manage the cloud Users do not manage the cloud infrastructure and platform on which the infrastructure and platform on which the application is runningapplication is running

Software as a Service (SaS)Software as a Service (SaS)

► This eliminates the need to install and run This eliminates the need to install and run the application on the user's own computersthe application on the user's own computers

► e.g. Flickr, Google Docs, Siri, Amazon Cloud e.g. Flickr, Google Docs, Siri, Amazon Cloud Drive…Drive…

Software as a Service (SaS)Software as a Service (SaS)

► Cloud providers deliver a computing Cloud providers deliver a computing platform, including operating system, platform, including operating system, programming language execution programming language execution environment, database, etc. environment, database, etc.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)Platform as a Service (PaaS)

► Application developers can develop and Application developers can develop and run their software solutions on a cloud run their software solutions on a cloud platform without the cost and complexity platform without the cost and complexity of buying and managing their own of buying and managing their own hardware and software hardware and software

► e.g. Google App Engine, Amazon Web e.g. Google App Engine, Amazon Web ServicesServices

Platform as a Service (PaaS)Platform as a Service (PaaS)

► Providers offer computers, as physical or Providers offer computers, as physical or more often as virtual machines, and other more often as virtual machines, and other resourcesresources

► Developers and IT organizations do not Developers and IT organizations do not need to purchase expensive computers need to purchase expensive computers and equipment, but pay for computer and equipment, but pay for computer infrastructure-like utilities from cloud infrastructure-like utilities from cloud service providers (“pay as you go”)service providers (“pay as you go”)

► e.g. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)e.g. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)

Infrastructure as a Service Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) (IaaS)

► Popular cloud systems include: Flickr, Popular cloud systems include: Flickr, Google Docs, and Amazon Cloud DriveGoogle Docs, and Amazon Cloud Drive

► They perform the functions that were They perform the functions that were traditionally done with software installed on traditionally done with software installed on personal computerspersonal computers

Popular Could SystemsPopular Could Systems

► A cloud based online Office suite A cloud based online Office suite ► Process Word docs, Excel, and PPT slidesProcess Word docs, Excel, and PPT slides► Allows one to create, edit, and share docs Allows one to create, edit, and share docs

online using web browsers on any devisesonline using web browsers on any devises

Google DocsGoogle Docs

► A personal hard drive in a cloud systemA personal hard drive in a cloud system► Allows users to upload and download files Allows users to upload and download files

through web browsersthrough web browsers► Comes with web apps with which users can Comes with web apps with which users can

read books or play music on the cloud driveread books or play music on the cloud drive

Amazon Cloud DriveAmazon Cloud Drive

► A personal assistant app comes with iPhone A personal assistant app comes with iPhone (location-based service)(location-based service)

► One can use voice to send messages, One can use voice to send messages, schedule meetings, and place phone callsschedule meetings, and place phone calls

SiriSiri

http://www.apple.com/iphone/features/siri.html

....

http://www.apple.com/iphone/features/siri.html

Cloud Servers Cloud Servers

Voice

Digital file

Instructions

Voice

► Multi-tenancyMulti-tenancy

- Resources in cloud systems can be shared - Resources in cloud systems can be shared among a large number of usersamong a large number of users

- Improve the efficiency of cloud systems - Improve the efficiency of cloud systems and save cost for cloud service providersand save cost for cloud service providers

Characteristics of Cloud ComputingCharacteristics of Cloud Computing

► ScalabilityScalability

- Even when the total work load for a cloud - Even when the total work load for a cloud system increases dramatically, the system system increases dramatically, the system could improve its capacity by adding more could improve its capacity by adding more hardware to handle the increased loadhardware to handle the increased load

Characteristics ..Characteristics ..

► ElasticityElasticity

- A cloud system only delivers the minimum - A cloud system only delivers the minimum amount of computing resources that meet amount of computing resources that meet users’ needusers’ need

- The amount of resources provided to - The amount of resources provided to users increase when they need more, and users increase when they need more, and decrease when they need less. Users only decrease when they need less. Users only pay for what they consumedpay for what they consumed

Characteristics ....Characteristics ....

► Device independentDevice independent

- Users can utilize cloud services using - Users can utilize cloud services using whatever device they have, should it be a whatever device they have, should it be a laptop, an iPad, or a smart phone, as long laptop, an iPad, or a smart phone, as long as they have access to the Internetas they have access to the Internet

Characteristics ..Characteristics ..

► Low costLow cost

- Users do not need to purchase expensive - Users do not need to purchase expensive computers to perform tasks that need computers to perform tasks that need high performance computinghigh performance computing

- Much like rent a book from the UB - Much like rent a book from the UB bookstore or borrow one from the UB bookstore or borrow one from the UB library. One spend only a fraction of the library. One spend only a fraction of the cost of buying the bookcost of buying the book

Characteristics ..Characteristics ..

► ReliabilityReliability

- Multiple redundant sites are used in - Multiple redundant sites are used in cloud systems. There are always cloud systems. There are always backups available when one or more backups available when one or more sites are downsites are down

Characteristics ..Characteristics ..

► Security and PrivacySecurity and Privacy

- Hackers and malicious insiders may hack - Hackers and malicious insiders may hack into users’ cloud accounts and access into users’ cloud accounts and access sensitive data stored in cloud systemssensitive data stored in cloud systems

- Companies hosting cloud services have - Companies hosting cloud services have full control on users’ data. They may full control on users’ data. They may intentionally collect personal information intentionally collect personal information for personalized ads for personalized ads

Issues in Cloud ComputingIssues in Cloud Computing

► You create a beautiful map using ArcGIS You create a beautiful map using ArcGIS and want to share it with friendsand want to share it with friends

► You can definitely email it if the size of the You can definitely email it if the size of the map is small. What if your map file is map is small. What if your map file is 600MB, too large to send via email?600MB, too large to send via email?

► Even if your friends get your map, do they Even if your friends get your map, do they have access to ArcGIS to display a shape have access to ArcGIS to display a shape file?file?

GIS and Cloud Computing GIS and Cloud Computing

► How about using GIS services in cloud How about using GIS services in cloud systems?systems?

► ArcGIS online (arcgis.com). Create or ArcGIS online (arcgis.com). Create or upload your map to ArcGIS online and share upload your map to ArcGIS online and share it with your friends with a few simple clicksit with your friends with a few simple clicks

Cloud GIS ..Cloud GIS ..

► Problems in desktop GISProblems in desktop GIS

- Data intensive. The size of GIS files can be - Data intensive. The size of GIS files can be hundreds of MB or morehundreds of MB or more

- Computation intensive. Spatial analysis, - Computation intensive. Spatial analysis, such as buffer and network analysis, may such as buffer and network analysis, may take an extensive amount of timetake an extensive amount of time

- GIS software is mostly expensive. - GIS software is mostly expensive. Individual users and small organizations Individual users and small organizations can not afford commercial GIS softwarecan not afford commercial GIS software

Cloud GIS ..Cloud GIS ..

► GIS in cloud systemsGIS in cloud systems

- Anything that needs a large storage space - Anything that needs a large storage space or high performance computing can be or high performance computing can be handled easily by cloud systemshandled easily by cloud systems

- Users only pay a small amount of money - Users only pay a small amount of money for GIS services in cloud systemsfor GIS services in cloud systems

Cloud GIS ..Cloud GIS ..

► Google MapsGoogle MapsPowered by a cloud system, Google maps allow Powered by a cloud system, Google maps allow users to perform many tasks, such as exploring users to perform many tasks, such as exploring maps, finding places, getting directions and more. maps, finding places, getting directions and more. All these could be done with a web browserAll these could be done with a web browser

Cloud GIS ExamplesCloud GIS Examples

http://maps.google.com/

► ArcGIS MobileArcGIS Mobile

- Extend ArcGIS to iPads and iPhones- Extend ArcGIS to iPads and iPhones

- Access GIS data on mobile devices- Access GIS data on mobile devices

- Collect and edit GIS data using GPS in - Collect and edit GIS data using GPS in mobile devicesmobile devices

Examples ..Examples ..

http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/arcgis-for-mobile.pdf

► Cloud computing tools, methods, Cloud computing tools, methods, technologies, and application research and technologies, and application research and developmentdevelopment

► Communication and performance analysis Communication and performance analysis of Cloud computingof Cloud computing

► Geospatial applications onto Cloud Geospatial applications onto Cloud platformsplatforms

► Studies of how to ensure and utilize the Studies of how to ensure and utilize the capacity of spatial cloud computingcapacity of spatial cloud computing

Research Topics in Cloud GISResearch Topics in Cloud GIS