geog1. interpreting places and landscapes.ppt
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Transcript of geog1. interpreting places and landscapes.ppt
Interpreting places & landscapes
Geography 1, 2nd Sem. AY 2010-2011Ms. Rocelyn C. De Vera
• How the environment shapes & is shaped by people
• How it is perceived & understood by people
VISUALIZING LANDSCAPES
2 Major Kinds of Landscape
• Natural Landscape Natural Landscape - Landscapes without any evidence or trace of human activities.
• Cultural Landscape Cultural Landscape - a characteristic and tangible outcome of the complex interactions between a human group and a natural environment.
Landscapes
• Natural Landscape• Cultural Landscape
Cultural Landscape
• A characteristic and tangible outcome of the complex interactions between a human group and a natural environment
cultural Landscape
• Archive of society Reflection of our culture and experiences Comprehensive product of human action
Collection of evidence about our character and experience, our struggles & triumphs as humans
Types of Landscape
• Ordinary/Vernacular Landscape• Symbolic Landscape
Types of Landscape
1.) Ordinary landscapes (vernacular)Ordinary landscapes (vernacular)– Everyday landscapes that people create in the
course of their lives
– Landscapes that are lived-in and changed
– Influence and change the perceptions, values, and behaviors
Types of Landscape
1.) Ordinary landscapes (vernacular)Ordinary landscapes (vernacular)– WorkWork– Social activitiesSocial activities– SchoolSchool
Types of Landscape
2.) Symbolic landscapesSymbolic landscapes– Representations of particular values, or
aspirations, that the builders & financiers of those landscapes want to impart to a larger public
Symbolic Landscape
• Landscapes of power• Landscapes of despair• Derelict landscapes
Landscape as Text
• Like a book, landscapes can be read and written by groups and individuals.
• Landscapes do not come ready-made with labels on them.
• There are “readers” and “writers”
Landscape
Landscape
• Many cultural landscapes exist in any single place
• Quiapo• School
• Reflect the lives of ordinary people, as well as the more powerful
Study of Landscape
• Humanistic approach– Places individual at the center of analysis– Values, meanings, intentions..
Study of Landscape
• Humanistic approach– Critique:
• individual ≠ group
Study of Landscape
• Alternative:• Larger forces and individuals
• Culture, gender, government
• Enhance or constrains individual lives
• Two-way
Place-making
• Provides a source of physical safety & security• A source of stimulation• A physical expression of identity
Territory
breeding areas
December and January
beach areas that offer protection from the winter storms and high surf wave action
Harem
bull
Place-making
• physical territory physical territory (the physical body, real and personal property);
• social territory social territory (family, intimates, clan, tribe, peer group, club, associations, other social, cultural or religious groupings);
• psychic territory psychic territory (thoughts, opinions, theories, philosophies, plans, purposes, dreams, memories, time).
Territory
Place-makingTerritory
When a territory is threatenedthreatened
defend itattack the territory of the attackersuffer the trauma of invasion
When a territory is threatenedthreatened
defend itattack the territory of the attackersuffer the trauma of invasion
overcrowding
Destruction of properties, vandalism
Breaking up social ties
Plagiarism,Attacking of ideas
overcrowding
Destruction of properties, vandalism
Breaking up social ties
Plagiarism,Attacking of ideas
Place-making
• Persistent attachment to a specific location
• Geography of people’s behavior
– Claims to spaces
Territoriality
Claiming space
• Unwritten territorial rules
– 1. regular use
– 2. use of spatial markers
– 3. bubbles or areas of personal space that we try not to invade (or allow to be invaded by others)
Place-making
Personal space
different people within those cultures, may have quite different ideas of personal space. different people within those cultures, may have quite different ideas of personal space.
"typical" American prefers to speak to strangers literally at arm's length
"typical" Swiss prefers a distance of twelve to eighteen inches
"typical" Japanese prefers about two arm's lengths
both of which may discomfort many Americans.
friends
"typical" American prefers to speak to strangers literally at arm's length
"typical" Swiss prefers a distance of twelve to eighteen inches
"typical" Japanese prefers about two arm's lengths
both of which may discomfort many Americans.
friends
Place-making
• Study of the social & cultural meanings that people give to personal space.
Proxemics
different people
Different cultures,
different ideas of personal space.
different people
Different cultures,
different ideas of personal space.
Sense of place
• People and places • through territoriality
Place-making
• Sense of place– Feelings evoked among people as a result of the
experiences, memories, & symbolism that they associate with a given place
– Place is important to us, that its loss can be traumatic
– Insiders– feel at home
• Sentimental
• Affective bonds with places
• Become “significant” to individuals (special attachment or sense of identity or belonging)
• Home, school, city,country
TOPOPHILIA
How do insiders develop sense of place?
a) through shared dress codes, speech patterns..
b) through familiarity with the history and symbolism of particular elements of the physical environment
c) through people’s familiarity with one another and their surroundings
How do insiders develop sense of place?
a) through shared dress codes, speech patterns..
b) through familiarity with the history and symbolism of particular elements of the physical environment
c) through people’s familiarity with one another and their surroundings
• Cognitive Images
– what people see in the mind’s eye when they think of a particular place or setting
The formation of cognitive images:
THE REAL WORLD
TRANSFORMED COGNITIVE IMAGE
Environmental Images
Information Perception Cognition Recall
Senses Birth and personality Culture
What causes distortion of images?a) incomplete information
- the farther we live from the area, the less info we have
b) our own biases- we remember more what we like or what we think is significant
What causes distortion of images?a) incomplete information
- the farther we live from the area, the less info we have
b) our own biases- we remember more what we like or what we think is significant
Compiled through behavioral patterns
Cognitive images
• Influence behavior
Images and behavior
• The narrower
• The less likely • Venture beyond their home area
• Shopping Behavior of people
X X nearest store with the lowest prices
traffic, parking, pedestrian circulation
People go to places they regard as attractive, relaxing, reassuring,
they tend to avoid places they regard as repellant and fearsome
traffic, parking, pedestrian circulation
People go to places they regard as attractive, relaxing, reassuring,
they tend to avoid places they regard as repellant and fearsome