Geodesy

23
ite Geodes y Shahbaz Ali Khidri

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Transcript of Geodesy

Page 1: Geodesy

Satellite GeodesyShahbaz Ali Khidri

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OUTLINE• Geodesy and Space-Geodesy

• What is Geodesy ?

• Historical perspective

• Space-based technologies

• Applications

• Selected books on Geodesy

• References

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GEODESY ?• One of the oldest profession of the world.

• It comes from the words:

Geo = Earth

Daisia = I divide

• Geo Daisia = Dividing the Earth

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DEFINITION OF GEODESY• The classical definition:

Geodesy is the science of measuring, and portraying the earth’s surface.

[Helmert, 1880].

• The modern definition:

Geodesy is discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the earth, including it’s gravity field, in a

3D time varying space.

(International Association of Geodesy)

Robert Helmert(1843 - 1917)

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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

• Eratostethens (276 BC – 194 BC) measured the angle of sun rays between Alexandria and Syene (Egypt).

• Measured the Earth’s circumference accurately with 15% deviation as compared to the current estimate.

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SUB-DISCIPLINES OF GEODESY

• Geometrical Geodesy

• Dynamical Geodesy

• Mathematical Geodesy

• Space or Satellite Geodesy

• Marine Geodesy

• Etc.

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SATELLITE GEODESY• Geodesy with the help of Satellites.

• It is used to study the climate change, water resources, natural hazards, disasters, etc.

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SPACE GEODETIC TECHNOLOGIES

• Positioning techniques

• Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)

• Altimetry

• Gravity Missions

• Etc.

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POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

• Satellite Laser Ranging

• Lunar Laser Ranging

• Etc.

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POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

Satellite Laser Ranging Lunar Laser Ranging

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GNSS• GPS

• GLONASS

• Galileo

• Compass

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ALTIMETRY• SeaSAT

• GeoSAT

• TOPEX

• JASON-1

• ENVISAT

• Etc.

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GRAVITY MISSIONS• GRACE

• CHAMP

• LAGEOS-1

• Etc.

GRACE

Measurements of small changes in the Earth’s gravitational fieldLAGEOS-1

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APPLICATIONS• The Deformation of the Earth from Earthquakes.

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APPLICATIONS• Volcano Monitoring.

Studies of hazardous volcanoes in Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean

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APPLICATIONS• Monitoring of water resources.

Monitoring of water resources(Everglades, south Florida)

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APPLICATIONS• Monitoring of soil moisture.

• Soil moisture is critical for vegetation growth and survival.

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APPLICATIONS• Glacier flow.

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APPLICATIONS• Landslides.

Ground movements in Berkley Hill, near San Francisco

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APPLICATIONS

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SELECTED BOOKS ON GEODESY

GEODESY: THE CONCEPTS

by Peter Vanicek, E.J. Krakiwsky,

Elsevier Science, 1996 Edition

GEODESYby Wolfgang Torge, Alter de

Gruyter, Berlin, 2000

INTRODUCTION TO GEODESY:The History and Concepts of Modern Geodesyby James R. Smith - 1997

SATELLITE GEODESY, FOUNDATIONS,METHODS, AND APPLICATIONS,by Gunter Seeber, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 2003

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REFERENCES http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/geodesy/welcome.html

http://gge.unb.ca/Research/GRL/GeodesyGroup/tutorial/tutorial.htm

http://www.geod.nrcan.gc.ca/geodesy/index_e.php

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesy

http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/Geodesy4Layman/TR80003A.HTM

http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/datum/datum.html

http://www3.sympatico.ca/craymer/geodesy/geodesy.html

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