Geodesy
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Transcript of Geodesy
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Satellite GeodesyShahbaz Ali Khidri
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OUTLINE• Geodesy and Space-Geodesy
• What is Geodesy ?
• Historical perspective
• Space-based technologies
• Applications
• Selected books on Geodesy
• References
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GEODESY ?• One of the oldest profession of the world.
• It comes from the words:
Geo = Earth
Daisia = I divide
• Geo Daisia = Dividing the Earth
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DEFINITION OF GEODESY• The classical definition:
Geodesy is the science of measuring, and portraying the earth’s surface.
[Helmert, 1880].
• The modern definition:
Geodesy is discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the earth, including it’s gravity field, in a
3D time varying space.
(International Association of Geodesy)
Robert Helmert(1843 - 1917)
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
• Eratostethens (276 BC – 194 BC) measured the angle of sun rays between Alexandria and Syene (Egypt).
• Measured the Earth’s circumference accurately with 15% deviation as compared to the current estimate.
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SUB-DISCIPLINES OF GEODESY
• Geometrical Geodesy
• Dynamical Geodesy
• Mathematical Geodesy
• Space or Satellite Geodesy
• Marine Geodesy
• Etc.
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SATELLITE GEODESY• Geodesy with the help of Satellites.
• It is used to study the climate change, water resources, natural hazards, disasters, etc.
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SPACE GEODETIC TECHNOLOGIES
• Positioning techniques
• Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
• Altimetry
• Gravity Missions
• Etc.
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POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
• Satellite Laser Ranging
• Lunar Laser Ranging
• Etc.
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POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
Satellite Laser Ranging Lunar Laser Ranging
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GNSS• GPS
• GLONASS
• Galileo
• Compass
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ALTIMETRY• SeaSAT
• GeoSAT
• TOPEX
• JASON-1
• ENVISAT
• Etc.
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GRAVITY MISSIONS• GRACE
• CHAMP
• LAGEOS-1
• Etc.
GRACE
Measurements of small changes in the Earth’s gravitational fieldLAGEOS-1
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APPLICATIONS• The Deformation of the Earth from Earthquakes.
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APPLICATIONS• Volcano Monitoring.
Studies of hazardous volcanoes in Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean
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APPLICATIONS• Monitoring of water resources.
Monitoring of water resources(Everglades, south Florida)
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APPLICATIONS• Monitoring of soil moisture.
• Soil moisture is critical for vegetation growth and survival.
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APPLICATIONS• Glacier flow.
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APPLICATIONS• Landslides.
Ground movements in Berkley Hill, near San Francisco
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APPLICATIONS
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SELECTED BOOKS ON GEODESY
GEODESY: THE CONCEPTS
by Peter Vanicek, E.J. Krakiwsky,
Elsevier Science, 1996 Edition
GEODESYby Wolfgang Torge, Alter de
Gruyter, Berlin, 2000
INTRODUCTION TO GEODESY:The History and Concepts of Modern Geodesyby James R. Smith - 1997
SATELLITE GEODESY, FOUNDATIONS,METHODS, AND APPLICATIONS,by Gunter Seeber, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 2003
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REFERENCES http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/geodesy/welcome.html
http://gge.unb.ca/Research/GRL/GeodesyGroup/tutorial/tutorial.htm
http://www.geod.nrcan.gc.ca/geodesy/index_e.php
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesy
http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/Geodesy4Layman/TR80003A.HTM
http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/datum/datum.html
http://www3.sympatico.ca/craymer/geodesy/geodesy.html
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