348A PROPERTIESDEFORMATION & STRENGTH

taminated with pesticides in addition to metals and volatile organic compounds. This paper describes the development of a new soil washing process which is used to remove these mixed pollutants from soils. The experimentation results determined that a combination of 2.5 N sulfuric acid and isopropyl alcohol in a 49 ratio and with a dilution of 5:1, solution to soil, would form as effective wash solution. (from Authors)

Composition, structure, texture and density

968089 Delineation of tbe distinctive nature of Tertiary coal beds J. C. Shearer, T. A. Moore & T. D. Demchuk, International Journal of Coal Geology, 28(2-4), 1995, pp 71-98. Together- with changes in floral character at least three aspects of coal character also appear to vary sequentially with time and are distinctive in the Tertiary: 1) proportions and thickness of v&rain banding, 2) coal bed thickness and 3) proportions of carbonised material. A compilation has been made of data from the coal literature comparing older coals with those of the Tertiary, in order to give a perspective in which to examine Tertiary coals. It was found that only Tertiary coals contain significant proportions of coal devoid of v&rain bands. In addition, Tertiary coals are the thickest recorded coal beds and generally contain low percentages of carbon&d material. The absence of vitrain bands in some Tertiary coal beds is thought to result from the floras dominated by angiosperms. The thickness of Tertiary coals may be related to an increase in biomass production. (from Authors)

968090 Geochemistry of rutocbthonous and hypautochtbonous siderite-dolomite coal-balls (Foord seam, Bolsovlan, Upper Carboniferous), Nova Scotia, Canada E. L. Zodrow, P. C. Lyons & M. A. Millay, International Journal of Coal Geology, 29(1-3), 1996, pp 199-216. The 1 l-13 m thick Foord Seam in the fault-bounded Stellarton Basin, Nova Scotia, is the thickest seam from the Euramerican floral province known to contain coal-balls. In addition to the first discovery of autochthonous coal-balls in the Foord Seam, Nova Scotia, its shale parting also contains hypautochthonous coal-balls with histologically preserved plant structures. The autochthonous and hypautochthonous coal-balls have a similar mineralogical composition and are composed of siderite (81-lOO%), dolomite-ankerite (O-19%), minor quartz and illite, and trace amounts of ‘calcite’. A preliminary geochemical model indicates that siderite in both the autochthonous and hypautochthonous coal-balls is of very early diagenetic (nonmarine) origin from ‘3C-enriched bicarbonate derived from bacterial methanogenesis of organic matter. (from Author)

968091 Correlation of 3D-computerized tomographic scans and 2D-colour image analysis of Westpballan coal by means of multlvariate statistics F. Verhelst, P. David, W. Fermont, L. Jegers &A. Vervoort, Fmational Journal of Coal Geology, 29(1-3), 1996, pp l-

Core material containing Westphalian vitrinite-rich coal from the north of Belgium (Campine Basin) has been investigated by colour image analysis and computerized tomography. The relative 3D density distribution of the investigated core material was determined by non-destructive X-ray computer- ized tomography. Colour image analyses of polished sections of the same piece of core material provided data concerning the corresponding maceral composition and mineral content of the coal. The application of both methods to the same piece of rock allowed for a fust-order cross-correlation of different rock properties by multivariate statistical analysis. (from Author)

968092 FTIR microspectroscopy of particular liptinite-(lopinlte-) rich, late Permian coals from southern China Yingting Guo, J. J. Renton 8c J. H. Penn, Zntemutionul Journal of Coal Geology, 29(1-3), 1996, pp 187-197. The Late Permian coals from Southern China are unique in their high content of lopinite (liptinite) and elemental hydrogen and typically produce high yields of far. Typical of the Late Permian coals of Southern China, the coals used in this study show special petrographic and chemical char- acteristics, as well as significant oil-producing potential. An FMR spectrometer, equipped with a microscope in the reflectance mode, was used to analyze the chemical structure of individual coal macerals, including lopinite, vitrinite, semifusinite and inertinite. The oil-producing potential of the coals is attributed to their higher content of lopinite. (from Authors)

968093 Impact of aquifer sediment grain size on petroleum hydrocarbon distribution and biodegradation C. M. Aelion, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 22(1-2), 1996, pp 109-121. A site located in Hanahan, South Carolina, USA, was contaminated in 1975 by JP-4 jet fuel. These coastal plain sediments are comprised of unconsolidated, fine-grained sands, but have intertingering lenses of clay. Jet fuel contamination was positively correlated with clay content of the sediment. In addition, biodegradation of radiolabeled amino acids, toluene and benzene was measured in laboratory microcosms from sediment collected from contiguous depths from a single borehole in the same area. Biodegradation of the three substrates was less in the predominantly clay samples than that in the sandy sample. Increased sorption and limited biodegradation may contribute to higher con- centrations of contaminants in clay sediments. (from Author)

Deformation and strength characteristics

968094 Pressuremeter testing in ground investigation part I - site operations E. B. G. Clarke, Proceedings - ICE: Geotechnical Engineer- ing, 119(2), 1996, pp 96-108. This paper is divided into three parts; the first covers site operations, which includes the type of probe, calibrations, installation and testing. There are three types of pressure- meter : prebored pressuremeters (PBP) installed in pockets created specially for the pressuremeter test from the base of a borehole: self-bored oressuremeters (SBP) form their own pockets by drilling; pushed-in press&met&s (FDP) displace the soil. PBPs can be used in any ground in which it is possible to create a stable pocket. SBPs can be drilled into predominantly gravel-free soils and weak rocks. FDPs can be used in most soils which are amenable to static cone penetrometer testing. There are four test procedures, the Menard, stress-controlled, strain-controlled and stress- and strain-controlled tests. (from Author)

968095 Interpretation of pressuremeter unloading tests in sands H. S. Yu, Geotechnique, 46(l), 1996, pp 17-31. Presents a new unloading analysis for pressuremeter tests in sands, based on a strain-hardening (or softening) plasticity model in which the angles of friction and dilation are assumed to be a function of the state parameter. A series of numerical analyses show that the initial state parameter, and therefore the friction angle of the soil, can be deduced from the measured slope of the pressuremeter unloading curve. (from Author)