The articles of the magzine are based on people cities, nature and environment,Hence the Languge of the magzine is in a way that it approaches all the age group since the readers of the magzine are varid.

I believe the logo works well with the theme and wound not want it to be changed.

The magzine follows 2, 3 and 4 column grid. Since ithe magzine is not very business like and serious the grid has been played around with.

Pictures play a very important role in the magzine. The text and the Images are managed well.

The C

VIEW POINT

I think the space looks a little too much.

The space here looks a little awkwared too

VISION STATEMENT

The name of the magzine and also the subscription month and year is given with the page no.I think its placement could be changed or atleast their could be space between the page no. and the rest.

Also i Think the placement of the images could be better.

Since their are too many advertisements in between a single article i believe the title should be running as a header.

Also the title given in the con-tenet is not the same as given for the article. Not even as a sub heading. I think that dis-turbs the continuity

GRID

FONT

The grid followed all through the magzine is either 2, 3 and 4. The grid has been played around with in a lot of places.i Feel the grid should be same atleast in the same article.

Since the Magzine is more image dominant i have used perfect squre grid. It gives me more freedom to play with the images and the text.

The font that I have used is Futura Book(10 pt) for the sub headingsAnd for the Body text is Bodoni Std book (9 pt).

We look down into dizzying chasms and gaze at still pools of sapphire-blue. We rappel down sinister shafts, some so deep that the beams of our headlamps are unable to pierce the darkness to reach the bottom.We cover about 5km in this manner and grad-ually exhaustion takes over, making every new passage appear steeper and every new shaft narrower. But we are still a long way from our destination—so far, in fact, that we cannot reach it without an overnight halt.

BARTON’S GOAL IS TO DESCENDright down to the deepest point of Lechu-guilla—a crevice with water that reeks of sulphur. This exceptional site, 488.9m under the earth’s surface, was discovered in 1988 by a four-member team from Fondation Nicholas Hulot (FNH), who named it ‘Sulphur Shores’. Barton hopes to find a large number of micro-organisms here. She believes these fascinat-ing and unique forms of life can be used to develop wonder drugs against diseases that presently hold humans hostage: remedies against tuberculosis and cholera, against in-sidious pathogenic germs such as the multi-resistant staphylococci, pseudomonas aer-uginosa, enterococcus faecium and klebsiella pneumoniae.There is an urgent need for such drugs, for many of the epidemics that were believed to have been eradicated have actually returned. Today, some 80 years after the discovery of penicillin, several germs have become im-mune to a wide spectrum of antibiotics and are rapidly spreading across the world.About 90,000 people die every year in the USA alone from bacterial infections, five times the number that lose their lives to AIDS or leukaemia (see box on page 83). Treat-ments that promise a cure are few and far be-tween. As fast as the modern medical world develops new medicines to combat infectious diseases, germs mutate into new strains that are resistant to attack.Barton says, “The problem is that, so far, most of the antibiotic preparations have been ex-tracted only from organisms that live on the surface of the earth.” The active agents ob-tained from these organisms are so closely interrelated that germs quickly become im-mune to any new medicine derived from them.“If we want to win the race against epidem-ics,” she says, “we must look at different sources for antibiotic cytotoxins.” These al-ternative sources include the extreme regions

of the earth: in the deep seas, for instance, in geothermal sources, or in underground deserts like the one we are presently fighting our way through.For here in Lechuguilla, under living condi-tions that no human can endure, it is impera-tive for microbes to be armed with special chemical weapons to protect themselves from rivals, predators and parasites and anything else that arms the life of them. Moreover, there is a greater probability that the poisons developed in this extraordinary and extreme habitat will be substantially different from the antibiotic substances thus far known. Barton

A thick, soft, reddish brown layer covers many of the niches in the caves: residue from the decomposition that occurs when bac-teria eat their way through the rocks.

firmly believes they could contain base ingre-dients for new drugs, which germs would take a relatively long time to become immune to.

AT FIRST GLANCE, it appears as if no creature of any kind could possibly. exist in such a deep cave system—there is no light, no fertile soil, no access to the outside world. It is a difficult place to survive. But appearances are deceptive: new discover-ies in recent years have forced scientists to change their understanding of how this bio-sphere was formed. The underworld isalive; even the deepest layers of the earth’s

CAVING

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Barton’s colleague, Max Wisshak, takes sterile rock samples to de-termine the role of microbes in the creation of Lechuguilla— and also to try and identify them from traces in the erosion.

Some catacombs, like the Land of the Lost (above), are completely encrusted with gypsum crystals. To avoid any kind of damage to these ancient works of art, the GEO team kept strictly to the path made many years ago by the discoverers of this passage.

crust are teeming with organisms. Some sci-entists are of the view that an even larger biological kingdom is hidden in the planet’s core—in places such as Lechuguilla—than the one that exists on the earth’s thin crust. According to this revolutionary theory, even at a conservative estimate, life in the subsoil is larger than on the surface, both in number of species and in biomass.From the perspective of cave specialists such as Barton, “the variety of higher animals and plants, all that we generally understand as life—including us humans—is nothing more than a burp of evolution.”Only a subsidiary of that mighty kingdom of

organisms hides in the earth’s interiors. Tiny creatures rule this deep biosphere—unicel-lular organisms, bacteria, archaea and vari-ous species of fungi.On the other hand, there is a huge variety of them—up to 10 million could exist in just one single gram of rock mass. And they are modest and undemanding: many of them need neither light nor oxygen to survive, can withstand heavy pressures, high salt concen-trations and temperatures of up to 113°C. Some use byproducts of radioactive radiation for breathing; others prefer to chew on metals such as manganese or iron contained in

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