GENOCIDEAND RELATED CRIMES AGAINST

HUMANITY

Genocide

By “genocide” we mean the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group.

-- Raphael LemkinAxis Rule in Occupied Europe

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A TAXONOMY OF GENOCIDE

GENOCIDE

DEMOCIDE

ETHNIC CLEANSING

POGROMS

GHETTO / SEGREGATION

DISCRIMINATION

GENOCIDE IS AN ANCIENT CRIME

THE MELIAN DIALOGUE 416 BC

GENOCIDE IS AN ANCIENT CRIME

“ Carthago delenda est” (“Carthage must be destroyed”)

THIRD PUNIC WAR 146 BCCATO THE ELDER

GENOCIDE IS AN ANCIENT CRIME

Tamerlane1336-1405

Before the Holocaust

“Who today speaks of the annihilation of the Armenians?” - Adolf Hitler 1939

THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

“TURKEY FOR THE TURKS!”

Talaat Pasha

THE HOLOCAUST1933-1945

Holocaustburnt offering

First used in And the World was Silent (Wiesel)

Shoah (Hebrew) -- Destruction, complete ruination

by fire.

Porraimos (Romani) – The Devouring10

Rise of Nazism(1933)

Nazis receive 33% of the vote

Reichstag Fire Reichstag Fire

Decree Enabling Act

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Courtesy Library of Congress

Censorship

“Un-German” books burned

12Courtesy National Archives

The Nuremburg Laws(1935)

Defined who was (not) German and held citizenship in the Third Reich

Groups targeted:Disabled (July 14)Jews (Sept 15)Gypsies (Nov 26)*African-Germans (Nov 26)*

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* by decree

Progressive Denial of Rights

Registration of Jewish Property

Gypsy “Clean-Up Week”

Jews are forbidden from owning businesses

Jews are forbidden from practicing law and medicine

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Courtesy National Archives

Racial ViolenceKristallnacht

“The Night of Broken Glass”

Thousands of Synagogues and businesses destroyed

30,000 Jews sent to concentration camps

91 people killed Jewish community

fined for damages15

Courtesy Yad Vashem

Identification

Jewish passports must have a “J” stamp (1938)

Jews in Poland must wear Star of David armband (1939)

16Courtesy USHMM & Holocaust Memorial Center

Segregation

Jews ordered into ghettos(1939)

17Courtesy USHMM

Concentration Camps

Dachau (1933)Buchenwald (1937)Auschwitz (1940)

18Courtesy National Archives

Slave Labor

Concentration camps “labor camps”

19Courtesy USHMM

Path to ExterminationT4 Program

Euthanasia (1939) Lethal injection Carbon monoxide

gas chamber False death

certificates Secret program

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Emmi G, a 16-year-old schizophrenic, was put to death at Meseritz-Obrawalde

Courtesy USHMM

Mob Violence

Kovno Lithuania (1941)

21 Courtesy USHMM

Mass Killings

Einsatzgruppen “execution order” (1941)

22 Courtesy USHMM

Final Solution(1942)

Jewry must pay for its crime just as our Führer prophesied in his speech in the Reichstag; namely, by the wiping out of the Jewish race in Europe and possibly in the entire world.

-- Joseph Goebbels, Reichsminister for

Propaganda

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Liquidation

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Courtesy USHMM

Reichsfuhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler

Extermination Camps

25Courtesy USHMM

Industrialized Murder

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Gas chambers for mass killing

Crematories for body disposal

Courtesy USHMM

Victims

JewsPolesPolitical OpponentsJehovah's WitnessesAfrican-Germans

Roma (Gypsies)Soviet POWsDisabledHomosexualsAsocials

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Victims 11.5 Million people were killed in the Holocaust

6 Million of them were Jews

1.5 Million of them were children

2 million were Soviet POWs

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What is the effect of turning one’s back on a neighbor?

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What is the effect of turning one’s back on a neighbor?

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http://www.dismalworld.com/violence/khmer_rouge_regime_and_genocide_in_cambodia.php

What are the ramifications of technology?

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What are the ramification of technology? Deogratias, Stassen

“We ask our brave Hutu brothers not to let this crime go un-punished. Rise up, brothers! Rise up and go to work! Sharpen your tools, pick up your clubs! This race of cockroaches must be eradicated!”

Why do some people think that in order for their ideas to be right other people’s ideas need to be

wrong?

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Why do some people think that in order for their ideas to be right other people’s ideas

need to be wrong?

http://www.historywiz.com/roma-mm.htm

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What is perfect?

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The University of Virginia was home to supporters of the science of eugenics. Above, Dr. H.E. Jordan who became Dean of the Department of Medicine at the

University in 1939

What is Perfect?

"This person suffering from hereditary defects costs the community 60,000 Reichsmark during his lifetime. Fellow Germans, that is your money, too."

Does the inventor control the invention?

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What does identity identify?

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During the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, ID cards were death warrants for many Tutsi stopped at checkpoints. __________USHMM/Jerry Fowler

What does identity identify?

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A German passport issued to Siegfried Jacobsberg and stamped with the letter "J" for "Jude." Siegfried used this passport to escape to Shanghai in June 1939. [Photograph #25784] USHMM

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We Wear the Mask Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906)              

We wear the mask that grins and lies,     It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes,—

    This debt we pay to human guile;     With torn and bleeding hearts we smile,

    And mouth with myriad subtleties. Why should the world be over-wise,

    In counting all our tears and sighs?     Nay, let them only see us, while

            We wear the mask. We smile, but, O great Christ, our cries

    To thee from tortured souls arise.     We sing, but oh the clay is vile

    Beneath our feet, and long the mile;     But let the world dream otherwise,

            We wear the mask!

http://www.potw.org/archive/potw8.html

Felix Nussbaum, died 1944 Auschwitz

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http://www1.yadvashem.org/exhibitions/nussbaum/home_nussbaum.html