GENG 107 Engineering Skills and Ethics_Lecture_Chapter 2_The Engineer

CHAPTER 2 THE ENGINEER

The Engineer

2 2/22/2014 Eng. Skills & Ethics

What is an Engineer?

Engineers are individuals who combine knowledge of science,

mathematics and economics to solve technical problems that confront

society.

Practically;

Engineers convert scientific theory into useful applications.

They help to provide mankind's needs.

The root of the word engineer derives from engine. In early English, the verb engine meant to create

Engineering


Engineering is the application of scientific and

mathematical principles to practical ends such as the

design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and

economical structures, machines, processes, and

systems.

The Technology Team


Technology development is a complex process involving the

coordinated efforts of a technology team consists of:

Scientists, who study nature in order to advance human knowledge. They use their knowledge to acquire new knowledge Degree: BS, MS, PhD

Engineers, who apply their knowledge of science, math and economics to develop useful devices, structures etc. Degree: BS, MS, PhD

Technologists, who apply science and math to well-defined problems that generally do not require the depth of knowledge possessed by engineers and scientists. Degree: BS

The Technology Team


Technicians, who work closely with engineers and scientists to accomplish specific tasks such as lab procedure, model building. Degree: Two-year associate degree

Artisans, who have the manual skills ( welding, machining, carpentry) to construct devices specified by scientists, engineers, technologists and technicians. Degree: High school diploma plus experience

Successful teamwork results in accomplishments larger than can be produced by individual team members.

Major Engineering Disciplines


Civil Engineering

Mechanical Engineering

Electrical Engineering

Chemical Engineering

Industrial Engineering

Aerospace Engineering

Materials Engineering

Agricultural Engineering

Nuclear Engineering

Architectural Engineering

Biomedical Engineering

Computer Engineering

Major Engineering Disciplines At QU


Architecture Engineering


Civil Engineering

Industrial and System Engineering

Computer Engineering



Engineering Disciplines


Civil Engineering:

- Oldest type of engineering

- Building walls, bridges, and roads on a large scale

Civil Engineering


Construction Engineers:

Environmental Engineers:

Geotechnical Engineers:

Structural Engineers:

Transportation Engineers:

Urban Planners:



Mechanical Engineering:

- Create mechanical things

- Engines, lathes, mills, vehicles, etc.



Energy Production:

Machines:

Manufacturing:

Transportation:

Heating, Ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration:

Heat Transfer:

Fluid Flow:



Electrical Engineering:

- Generators, transformers, radio transmitters, computers

- Analog and digital equipment's



Power Generation and Transmission:

Motors:

Electronics:

Computers:

Communication systems:

Instrumentation and Measurement:

Automatic Control:



Chemical Engineering:

- Manufacturing of gasoline, oil, plastics, pharmaceuticals, etc.

- Design and assemble chemical plants



Petrochemical Engineers:

Pharmaceutical Engineers:

Fine Chemical Engineers:

Food Engineers:

Safety Engineers:

Environmental Engineers:

Design Engineers:



Industrial Engineering:

- Integrates systems of people and machines

- Develop scientific management

Industrial Engineering


Methods Engineers:

Plant Layout Engineers:

Cost Engineers:

Quality Engineers:

Human Factors Engineers:

Operations Research Engineers:



Aerospace Engineering:

- Deals with Air and Space

- Aircrafts, Missiles, Rockets, etc.

Aerospace Engineering


Aerodynamics Engineers:

Propulsion Engineers:

Structural Engineers:

Control Engineers:



Materials Engineering:

- Study rocks, soils, mines, ceramics, properties of materials

- Concerned with obtaining the materials required by modern

society

Materials Engineering


Geological Engineers:

Mining Engineers:

Petroleum Engineers:

Ceramic Engineers:

Plastics Engineers:

Metallurgical Engineers:

Materials Science Engineers:



Agricultural Engineering:

- Help farmers efficiently produce food and fibers

- Apply knowledge of mechanics, computers, electronics,

chemistry and biology to solve agricultural problems



Nuclear Engineering:

- Nuclear engineers design systems that produce nuclear energy

such as nuclear power plants



Computer Science & Technology:

- Deals with both computer software and hardware, but

emphasize more on software's.

- Design and built computers, write operating software's, etc.

Engineering Functions


The engineers can be classified by the functions they perform

Research Engineers, search for new knowledge to solve difficult problems

Development Engineers, apply existing and new knowledge to develop prototypes, new devices, structures

Design Engineers, apply the results of research and development engineers to produce detailed designs of devices, structures etc



Production Engineers, concerned with specifying production schedules, determining raw materials availability, optimize assembly lines etc.

Testing Engineers, perform tests on engineered products to determine their reliability and suitability

Construction Engineers, build large structures

Operations Engineers, run and maintain factories, chemical plants



Sales Engineers, use their tech. background to sell technical products

Managing Engineers, coordinate the activities of the technology team

Consulting Engineers, help companies with their Eng. Talent

Teaching Engineers, educate other engineers in the fundamentals of each engineering discipline

See the example: Rechargeable Battery

Who Employs Engineers?

Example: USA


Career Paths


There are at least seven career options for graduating engineering students:

Corporate ladder

Independent entrepreneur

Military or government

Engineering and social service

Professor/engineer

Graduate work outside engineering

A mix of first six options

How Much Formal Education do you need?


The answer depends upon your ultimate career objectives

Benefit Individual Satisfaction and Financial Gain

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ABET


Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET)

http://www.abet.org/

University engineering program ABET accredited

The accredited program assures that the program

meets the minimum professional standards.

ABET Accreditation and Visit


Visit the University and analyzes the course of study for

the individual program

The quality of course work (Curriculum)

The quality of the students

Interview students

The competence of the faculty

The administration support

ABET Accreditation


University engineering program be ABET accredited

ABET audits engineering programs on a regular basis to

assure that the program maintains high standards

Meet minimum professional standards

You will be an asset to the engineering profession and to

society

Accredited engineering program is required to become a

registered professional engineer in some countries (USA)

Evaluation of an Engineering Program


ABET determines if the graduates have the following skills

Able to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering

Able to design and conduct experiments

Able to analyze and interpret data

Able to function on multi-disciplinary teams

Understanding of professional and ethical responsibility

Able to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems

Able to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs

Knowledge of contemporary issues

Able to communicate effectively

Able to use to techniques, skills, and tools necessary for engineering practice

Able to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global and societal

context

ABET Engineering Curriculum


Four year engineering programs approved by The Accreditation

Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) includes a broad

range of courses.

Why Do I Care About ABET


ABET audits engineering programs on a regular basis to assure that the program maintains high standards.

Having an engineering degree from a four-year accredited engineering program is required to become a registered professional engineer.

Most degree programs in the College of Engineering at QU are accredited by ABET

Others are in the process of getting accredited

Engineering Professional Societies


American Medical Association (physicians)

American Dental Association (dentists)

Institute of Civil Engineers (1818 UK)

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 1852

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) 1880

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) 1908

Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE)

Society of Women Engineers (SWE)

Function of Professional Societies


Exchange of information and ideas between

members

Publish technical journals.

Holding technical conferences.

Maintaining technical libraries.

Providing employment statistics.

Improve standards of engineering education.

Social gathering

Give advise in technical maters.

Encourage research.

Encourage and publicize discoveries.

Engineering Design Method 39 2/22/2014 Eng. Skills & Ethics

Engineers use engineering design method given below.

1. Identify and define the problem

2. Assemble a design team

3. Identify constraints and criteria for success

4. Search for/develop new solutions

5. Analyze potential solutions

6. Choose the best solution

7. Document the solution

8. Communicate the solution to management

9. Construct the solution

10. Verify and evaluate the performance of the solution

Models 40 2/22/2014 Eng. Skills & Ethics

1. Qualitative Models

2. Mathematical Models

3. Digital Computer Models

4. Analog Computer Models

5. Physical Models

Qualitative Models 41 2/22/2014 Eng. Skills & Ethics

A qualitative model is a simple relationship that is easily

understood.

If you were designing a clock, the time it takes to swing back and

forth would be a critical design criteria.

By observing a swinging rock tied to a string gives you an idea

that the longer strings need more time to complete a cycle.

A simple relationship such as this is very useful to an engineer,

however it is generally insufficient of in depth analysis.

Mathematical Models 42 2/22/2014 Eng. Skills & Ethics

Engineering usually needs quantitative values. Thus, this qualitative ideas are transformed into mathematical formulas

Thinking of a formula that determines the relationship between

L, length of the string

P, the time it takes to return to its original position and

the Angle

g

LP 2

Digital Computer Models 43 2/22/2014 Eng. Skills & Ethics

Mathematical models may be programmed and solved using digital computers

In our pendulum example, we could write a program that calculates the position of the pendulum as time progresses

At each position, we could calculate the air density, forces, pivot-point friction

The computer model would use all of this information to calculate the next position

Analog Computer Models 44 2/22/2014 Eng. Skills & Ethics

Electronic circuits can be configured to simulate physical systems (analog computers before the digital computers)

Physical Models Some systems are extremely complex and require physical

models

Chemical engineers built a pilot plant to test a chemical process before the industrial scale plant is constructed

Traits of Successful Engineer 45 2/22/2014 Eng. Skills & Ethics

Interpersonal Skills

Communication Skills

Leadership

Competence

Logical thinking

Quantitative thinking

Follow through

Continuing education

Professional library

Dependability

Organization

Common sense

Curiosity

Involvement in the community

Creativity

Traits of Creative Engineer 46 2/22/2014 Eng. Skills & Ethics

Does not give up (Commitment)

Asks why (Curious and constantly seeking understanding)

Never satisfied (how I could do this better)

Learn from accidents

Make analogies during learning

Develops quantitative and qualitative understanding

Has good visualization skills

Has good drawing skills (develop enough of other knowledge)

Possesses unbounded thinking

Has broad interest

Collect obscure problems

Keeps an engineering toolbox (formulas, Laws, cost, etc..)

GENG 107 Engineering Skills and Ethics_Lecture_Chapter 2_The Engineer

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