GeneticsGenetics

The study of genes and the The study of genes and the inheritance of traitsinheritance of traits

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CharacteristicsCharacteristics

These are features you These are features you exhibit physically exhibit physically

( your looks) ( your looks)

ExampleExample: Eye color - : Eye color - greengreen

TraitsTraits

The different versions The different versions of a characteristicof a characteristic

Example: blue, green, Example: blue, green, and brown eyesand brown eyes

InheritanceInheritance

Occurs when traits are Occurs when traits are passed down from passed down from parent to child.parent to child.

GenesGenes

Bits of information Bits of information passed down from passed down from parent to child.parent to child.

Made of chemicals Made of chemicals called DNA.called DNA.

Genetic DiseasesGenetic Diseases

Can be passed on through Can be passed on through genes from a parent to the genes from a parent to the child.child.

Example : Example : Marfan SyndromeMarfan Syndrome

(Individual is tall, has long (Individual is tall, has long arms and legs)arms and legs)

Remember - JOE Remember - JOE

ReproductionReproduction

SexualSexual – Sperm – Sperm fertilizes an egg to fertilizes an egg to produce offspringproduce offspring

Asexual Asexual – – occurs when occurs when 1 organism copies itself 1 organism copies itself to produce offspringto produce offspring

FertilizationFertilization

Occurs when a sperm Occurs when a sperm unites with an eggunites with an egg

Offspring Offspring

Another name for the Another name for the childrenchildren of a male and of a male and female parentfemale parent

MutationMutation

Occurs when genes Occurs when genes make a mistake mixing make a mistake mixing and produce new or and produce new or different traits in the different traits in the offspring.offspring.

GenotypeGenotype

A combination of A combination of allelesalleles

Example: TT, Tt, or ttExample: TT, Tt, or tt

*We flipped coins to determine the genotype of our critters and puppies.

AllelesAlleles

T – is considered a T – is considered a dominant dominant alleleallele

t – is considered a t – is considered a recessiverecessive allele allele

TT – is dominant

Tt or tT – is dominant

tt - is recessive

Punnett SquarePunnett Square

Uses mom and dad’s Uses mom and dad’s genotypes to determine genotypes to determine the possible traits of the possible traits of their offspring.their offspring.

4 offspring4 offspring

PhenotypePhenotype

They are the traits They are the traits determined by reading determined by reading the genotype.the genotype.

ExampleExample : FF = black : FF = black fur fur

Black furBlack fur is the is the phenotypephenotype or trait or trait