Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics...

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Genetics The scientific study of heredity

Transcript of Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics...

Page 1: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

Genetics

The scientific study of heredity

Page 2: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with

in the 1800’s.

Pea Plants

Page 3: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

Genes are the Units of Heredity

Page 4: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

The Laws of Genetics

• Traits or characteristics are passed from parents to offspring via genes.

• The traits of an organism are determined by the combination of genes.

• Organisms inherit two genes, one from each parent.

Page 5: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

The Laws of Genetics

• Some genes are dominant and some are recessive.

• Dominant genes mask recessive genes when both are present in an organism.

Page 6: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

The Laws of Genetics

• Some genes are codominant (neither dominant or recessive). These genes show incomplete dominance.

Page 7: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

Geneticists use letters to represent different genes.

Dominant = capital letter

Recessive = lower case letter

Page 8: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

Every organism has 2 forms of each gene, which we call alleles

(uh LEELZ).

(One from each parent)

Page 9: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

Punnett Squares

A Punnett Square is used to show all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross and to determine the probability of a particular outcome.

Page 10: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

Punnett Squares

Genotype = an organism’s genetic makeup

Phenotype = an organism’s physical appearance

Page 11: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

Example of a Punnett Square:

B is the gene for a brown-haired guinea pig (this is a dominant gene)

b is the gene for a white-haired guinea pig (this is a recessive gene)

Page 12: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

Problem: If the genotype for a brown haired guinea pig is BB, (remember you have 2 sets of genes, one from each parent) and you cross (mate) this guinea pig with a white haired guinea pig whose genotype is bb, determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes for their offspring.

Page 13: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

b

b

B

Bb

Bb

B

Bb

Bb

Parents are homozygous (or homogenous).

Page 14: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

Bb

Bb

100% of offspring will be brown-haired.

Bb

Bb

Page 15: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

b

b

B

BB

Bb

B Bb

bb

Parents are heterozygous (or heterogenous).

Page 16: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

BB

Bb

Bb

bb

Offspring will be 75% brown-haired,

and 25% white-haired.

Page 17: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

b

b

b

Bb

Bb

B

bb

bb

What percentage of the offspring will be brown or white?

Page 18: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

B

b

B

BB

Bb

B

BB

Bb

What percentage of the offspring will be brown or white?

Page 19: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.

(fin)