Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics...
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![Page 1: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Genetics
The scientific study of heredity
![Page 2: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with
in the 1800’s.
Pea Plants
![Page 3: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Genes are the Units of Heredity
![Page 4: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Laws of Genetics
• Traits or characteristics are passed from parents to offspring via genes.
• The traits of an organism are determined by the combination of genes.
• Organisms inherit two genes, one from each parent.
![Page 5: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Laws of Genetics
• Some genes are dominant and some are recessive.
• Dominant genes mask recessive genes when both are present in an organism.
![Page 6: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Laws of Genetics
• Some genes are codominant (neither dominant or recessive). These genes show incomplete dominance.
![Page 7: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Geneticists use letters to represent different genes.
Dominant = capital letter
Recessive = lower case letter
![Page 8: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Every organism has 2 forms of each gene, which we call alleles
(uh LEELZ).
(One from each parent)
![Page 9: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Punnett Squares
A Punnett Square is used to show all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross and to determine the probability of a particular outcome.
![Page 10: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Punnett Squares
Genotype = an organism’s genetic makeup
Phenotype = an organism’s physical appearance
![Page 11: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Example of a Punnett Square:
B is the gene for a brown-haired guinea pig (this is a dominant gene)
b is the gene for a white-haired guinea pig (this is a recessive gene)
![Page 12: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Problem: If the genotype for a brown haired guinea pig is BB, (remember you have 2 sets of genes, one from each parent) and you cross (mate) this guinea pig with a white haired guinea pig whose genotype is bb, determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes for their offspring.
![Page 13: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
b
b
B
Bb
Bb
B
Bb
Bb
Parents are homozygous (or homogenous).
![Page 14: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Bb
Bb
100% of offspring will be brown-haired.
Bb
Bb
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b
b
B
BB
Bb
B Bb
bb
Parents are heterozygous (or heterogenous).
![Page 16: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
BB
Bb
Bb
bb
Offspring will be 75% brown-haired,
and 25% white-haired.
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b
b
b
Bb
Bb
B
bb
bb
What percentage of the offspring will be brown or white?
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B
b
B
BB
Bb
B
BB
Bb
What percentage of the offspring will be brown or white?
![Page 19: Genetics The scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics due to his work with in the 1800’s. Pea Plants.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0b5503460f949deefb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
(fin)