Genetics of Alpine, Saanen, Boer and Nubian · International Symposium on Genetics and Reproductive...
Transcript of Genetics of Alpine, Saanen, Boer and Nubian · International Symposium on Genetics and Reproductive...
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
International Symposium on Genetics and International Symposium on Genetics and
Reproductive Management for Animal ProductionReproductive Management for Animal Production
Genetics of Alpine, Genetics of Alpine, SaanenSaanen, Boer and , Boer and NubianNubian
Mr. DeMr. De--Chi WangChi WangAssociate researcher, Hengchun Branch
Livestock Research InstituteCouncil of Agriculture
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
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Land area: 360,000 Km2 L:395 W:14460% of area are hilly or mountainous
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Climate: tropical & subtropicalMonsoon in winter
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Temperature: 24.5 ºC (14~35 ºC)■
Precipitation: 2,548 mm/yearMostly in summer, a typhoon season
↑Tropic of Cancer23.5ºN
Natural Environment
(Huang, 2010)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Goat milk and chevon are taken as a tonic rather than a drink or just food中國本草綱目記載:羊奶甘溫無毒、補寒冷虛、潤心肺、
治消渴、療虛勞、易精氣、補肺腎氣和小腸氣
南宋 陳居中 四羊圖
Position of Goat Industry
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Goat industry is relatively small Shared only 1% of animal outputvalue in 2009
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Buck odor & expensiveness
46.98%
31.27%
4.87%
13.67%1.19%
0.97%
1.05%
Pork
Beef
Goat meat and milk
Poultry
Cow Milk
Eggs
Others (Horse, Deer,Rabbit, Honey,etc.)
(Huang, 2010)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Distribution of Goat Farms
Goat farms are concentratedin the west of the island because of the lower cost of transportation and the larger market
(Huang, 2010)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Number of Goats and Scale of Goat Farm
230,000 in totalMeat goats: 160,000
64/farm Dairy goats: 70,000
159/farm
(Huang, 2010)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
The Breeds of Goats
Bo1%
AL20%
NU16%
SA7%
NG3%
FX53%
NG
SA
NU
AL
TO
FX
BoBo
Indigenous black goat
Nubian
Standard Boer Red Boer Alpine Saanen(Huang, 2010)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Breeds of Dairy Goats
Major breeds: 70% of Alpine, 30% of SaanenWhy Alpine?1. More adapted to tropical climate2. Higher survival rate of the kids3. The coat color is preferable when the male kids are used for meat
Toggenburg and La Mancha are negligible
Nubian is for meat only due to the shorter lactation period
Alpine NubianSaanen
(Huang, 2010)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
The duration of lactation for Saanen and Alpine does during 2003 to 2005
(Su et al.,2007)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Comparison on the average daily milk production in first or multiple parities for Saanen and Alpine does during 2003~2005
(Su et al.,2007)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Comparison on the total milk production in first or multiple parities for Saanen and Alpine does during 2003~2005
(Su et al.,2007)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.(Su et al.,2007)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
The variation of EC and SCC in different breed goats
(Chen et al.,2008)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Nubian originated from U. S. A.
Nubian originated from Australia
Breeds of Meat Goats
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Breeds effects on reproductive performance
Breed
Conception rate Singling Twinning Tripling Kidding
rate
%
Na 83.8 41.9 54.8 3.3 161.3
*Nu 76.7 21.4 46.4 32.2 212.1
*Nu: Nubian Kidding rate: Number of kids born/Number of pregnant does.
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Breed effects on carcass characteristics
Breed
Live weight Dressing
percentag e
Lean meat
Fat Bone Skin
kg
Ⅰ* Ⅱ**
%
Na 50.8 48.4 32.9 67.9 7.1a 11.9a 11.8
Nu 60.0 46.5 31.2 67.1 10.5b 10.4b 10.2
* Lean meat % of live weight. ** Lean meat % of carcase. Values with different superscripts in the same item are different significantly (p<0.05).
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Standard Boer
Red Boer
Black Boer
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Body weight (kg) of male and female Boer goats at various ages
(Lu and Potcoiba, 1988)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Growth rate (g/day) of Boer goats from birth to 41 kg body weight under confinement
(Van Niekerk and Casey, 1988)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
The growth performances of Boer and hybrid Boer goat
Item
Birth weight
3 months weight
6 months weight
9 months weight
12 months weight
kg
Boer 4.15±0.45 13.20±2.53 22.60±3.73 35.03±1.90 50.17±3.17
2 cross 2.73±0.13 11.04±2.15 16.24±2.23 29.20±1.42 42.40±2.62
3 cross 3.91±0.13 14.54±0.93 19.44±2.24 33.85±2.20 50.58±0.98
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
The ADG of Boer and hybrid Boer goat
Item0-3 months 3-6 month 6-12 month
kg
Boer 0.10 0.10 0.15
2 cross 0.09 0.06 0.15
3 cross 0.12 0.05 0.17
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
The carcass performances of Boer and hybrid Boer goat
ItemLive weight
Carcass weight
Dressing p ercentage
Lean meat (Live weight)
Lean meat (Carcass) Fat Bone
kg %
Boer49.83±4.89 29.37±1.70 59.28±3.14 32.37±1.49 54.68±1.24 9.12±0.82 17.52±0.88
2 cross 44.50±4.50 24.21±0.44 54.70±4.40 30.30±2.50 55.93±9.17 8.26±0.56 17.13±0.68
3 cross 49.79±1.71 28.29±1.46 56.86±2.05 31.65±0.99 55.80±1.31 9.51±0.56 19.10±0.93
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Breeding of Meat Goat
Black Boer
Up-graded progenyWith 87.5% of Boer
Up-graded breed of meat goat consisting of 87.5% of Boer
Nubian crosses X black Boer
↓F1 X BB
↓
G1 X BB
↓
G2
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
The reproductive data by interbred of 87.5% Black hybrid Boer goat from 2005 to 2008
Breeds Traits Year
87.5%Bo2005
87.5%Bo2006
87.5%Bo2007
87.5%Bo2008 Sum of total
Number of heads 9 41 38 7 95
Birth rate 88.9(8) 87.8(36) 94.7(36) 71.4(5) 89.5(85)
Kidding rate 200(16) 169(61) 180(65) 120(6) 174(148)
Single 37.5(3) 41.7(15) 22.2(8) 80.0(4) 35.3(30)
Twin 37.5(3) 47.2(17) 75(27) 20.0(1) 56.5(48)
Triple 12.5(1) 11.1(4) 2.8(1) 0.0(0) 7.1(6)
Quadruple 12.5(1) 0.0(0) 0.0(0) 0.0(0) 1.2(1)
Kids survival at weaning
100.0(14/14)
94.4(51/54)
86.7(52/60)
66.7(4/6)
90.3(121/134)
(Su et al.,2009)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
The birth weight, weaning weight and the growth performances of 87.5% Black hybrid Boer goat before weaning on various
kidding year, parity, litter size of dam, and sex of kids
Items N BW (0 day)/kg N BW (90 days)/kg ADG (90 days)/g
Year
2005 14 3.2 14 16.9 a 152.2 a
2006 54 3.2 51 14.4 b 124.4 b
2007 60 3.2 52 13.7 b 116.7 b
2008 6 3.3 4 18.3 a 166.7 a
(Su et al.,2009)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
The body weight and ADG of 87.5% Black hybrid Boer goat at six, nine month and one year age on various kidding year,
parity, litter size of dam, and sex of kids
Items
N
BW(180 day)/kg
ADG(180 days)/g
N
BW(270 day)/kg
ADG(270 days)/g
N
BW(365 day)/kg
ADG(365 days)/g
Year
2005 13 25.3 a 122.7 a 13 35.5 a 119.7 a 8 40.9 103.3
2006 49 22.3 ab 106.1 ab 46 29.9 b 98.9 b 26 38.5 96.7
2007 50 20.5 b 96.1 b 51 28.7 b 94.4 b 26 38.3 96.2
2008 4 24.9 ab 120.0 a 4 31.7 ab 105.2 ab 2 38.9 97.5
(Su et al.,2009)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
DNA Barcode System for Genomic GoatsDNA Barcode System for Genomic Goats
(Wu et al.,2006)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Genotype frequency of caprine mucopolysaccharidosis IIID in Taiwan goat breeds
(Lin et al.,2008)
Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.
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