Genetics - Ms. Hughes
Transcript of Genetics - Ms. Hughes
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Genetics Genetics
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Who is the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
an Austrian monk and biologist whose work
on heredity became the basis of the modern
theory of genetics.
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What is Genetics
Genetics - is the study of heredity and
how an organisms traits are related.
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What is Genetics
Heredity – the transfer of traits from
parent to offspring. Traits result from the
mixing of genes.
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What is Genetics
Gene – sequence of DNA that is coded to
express a hereditary characteristic or trait.
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What is Genetics
Trait – a distinguishing characteristic
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What is Genetics
DNA - The main component of
chromosomes and is the material that
transfers genetic characteristics in all life
forms from parents to offspring.
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What is Genetics
Chromosome - A threadlike linear strand
of DNA in the nucleus of animal and plant
cells that carries the genes.
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What is Genetics
Allele - One member of a pair or series of
genes that occupies a specific position on
a specific chromosome.
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What is Genetics
Generation - All of the offspring that are at
the same stage of descent from a common
ancestor.
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What is Genetics
Dominant trait - a trait that will appear in the offspring.
Recessive trait - a trait that must be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring. Recessive traits can be carried in a person's genes without appearing in that person.
Straight thumb is
dominant to curved
thumb, which is
recessive
Free earlobe is
dominant and
attached is
recessive
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What is Genetics
Homozygous - having identical alleles for
any one gene. Genotype: AA or aa
Heterozygous - having different alleles for
any one gene. Genotype: Aa
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What is Genetics
Genotype - The genetic makeup of an
organism.
Phenotype - The observable physical
appearance of an organism.
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Asexual Sexual
1 Parent 2 Parents
Offspring has no genetic variation Offspring has genetic variation
Simple Organ System Complex Organ System
Clones of Parent Similar Characteristics to parents