Genetics Case Study: The Royal Family
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Transcript of Genetics Case Study: The Royal Family
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Genetics Case Study:Genetics Case Study:The Royal FamilyThe Royal Family
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The Romanov FamilyThe Romanov Family•Romanov Empire included one-sixth of the globe.
•Nicholas II became Czar of Russia in 1896
•Resentment against the Czar and wealthy class begins at end of 19th century.
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AlexeiAlexei• Born in 1904, Nicholas’s only son.• Had hemophilia, a bleeding disorder.
• Had body guard with him at all times to prevent accidents.
• Alexei had several internal bleeding instances.
• These bleedings were stopped after the prayers of the healer Rasputin.
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RasputinRasputin•Healer or Scoundrel????
•Alexandra (Alexei’s mom) called Rasputin in to stop Alexei’s bleeding.
•Alexandra took Rasputin in as a relative (which lowered public faith of the Romanov family). His influence on the Czar is arguable by historians.
•Assassinated by Russian aristocrats.
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Rasputin
• Rasputin was drugged, poisoned, and shot before he died of drowning in the Neva river
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End of the EmpireEnd of the Empire
•July, 1918: Russian Revolution (Romanov’s assassinated)
•Alexei’s body missing from mass grave found in 1990’s.
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So what does this So what does this have to do with have to do with
Genetics?Genetics?Learn how to read a PEDIGREE.Learn how to read a PEDIGREE.
Learn the inheritance pattern of HEMOPHILIA.Learn the inheritance pattern of HEMOPHILIA.
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Sex-LinkageSex-Linkage•Traits controlled by genes located on the sex chromosomes are called sex-linked traits.
•The gene for a protein that helps blood clot is on the X chromosome.
•If this gene is mutated (deletion, point mutation, etc), it may cause HEMOPHILIA.
•Heterozygotes are carriers & may pass trait on to children, but themselves appear normal.
•Other sex-linked traits are red-green colorblindness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Fragile X syndrome.
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Royal Family Pedigree
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Pedigrees
• Each row represents a generation• Genders represented by different
shapes• Affected individuals indicated by
shading• Carriers indicated by half shading
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Reading a Pedigree
Sometimes, carriers are indicated this way.
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Pedigree Problems: Tips
• Recessive: trait usually skips a generation
• Dominant: trait shows up often
• Autosomal: trait seen in both genders
• Sex-linked: trait seen usually in 1 gender
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Sample Pedigrees
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Pedigree Practice
Dominant or recessive trait? Autosomal or sex-linked?
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Pedigree Practice
Dominant or recessive trait? Autosomal or sex-linked?
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Pedigree Practice
Dominant or recessive? Autosomal or Sex-linked?
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Practice Problems
• http://www.yhc.edu/external/jasonb/previous_semesters/Bio103_Su2004/Links_of_Interest/links_to_practice_pedigree_probs.htm
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Create your own pedigree!
1. Draw your family tree like the pedigrees we’ve seen.
2. Decide on a trait, and shade the affected individuals. (see list of traits on next slide)
3. Show the trait through 3 generations in your family (grandparents, parents, and you and your siblings).
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Dominant Recessive
Widow’s peak hairline Straight hairline
Tongue-rolling Can’t roll tongue
Free earlobes Attached earlobes
Can’t bend back 45° Hitchhiker’s thumb
Freckles No freckles
No chin cleft Chin cleft
Bent little finger Not bent
Oval face Square face
Morton’s Toe(2nd toe) Big Toe is tallest
Dark hair (brown/black) Blonde Hair
Not red hair Red Hair