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Vocabulary ReviewGENETICSGENETICS

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Study of how characteristics are

transmitted from parent to offspring

GENETICS

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The father of genetics

GREGOR MENDEL

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Physical feature determined by the

genotype

PHENOTYPE

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Plant used by Mendel for his hereditary studies

GARDEN PEAS

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Transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring

HEREDITY

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A genetically determined characteristic

TRAIT

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Stronger of two alleles that shows up most often

DOMINANT

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Transferring pollen grains from anthers to the stigma of flowers

POLLINATION

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How garden peas are pollinated

SELF POLLINATION

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Female part of a flower

STIGMA

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Having identical alleles (AA or aa)

HOMOZYGOUS

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Another term for a heterozygous genotype

HYBRID

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Law stating that a pair of alleles will separate

whenever gametes are formed

LAW OF SEGREGATION

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F1 Dihybrid phenotypic ratio

9:3:3:1

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A genotype having one dominant and one

recessive allele

HETEROZYGOUS

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Law stating that alleles separate independently of

each other when sperm and eggs are formed

LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

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F1 Monohybrid Genotypic ratio

1:2:1

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F1 Monohybrid Phenotypic ratio

3:1

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How Mendel pollinated garden peas

CROSS POLLINATION

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Male part of a flower

ANTHER/STAMEN

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The generation of true-breeding plants that

Mendel used first

P1 GENERATION

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Two forms of a gene

ALLELES

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Instructions on DNA that code for specific proteins

or traits

GENES

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The weaker of two alleles in a pair that is often

masked by the dominant allele

RECESSIVE

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Gene combination in the offspring

GENOTYPE

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Dominance that occurs whenever both alleles for

a trait are expressed

CODOMINANCE

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Type of genetics that studies the genes and

chromosomes of an organism

MOLECULAR GENETICS

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Type of letter used to represent a dominant

allele

CAPITAL

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What Mendel called alleles in his experiments

with pea plants

FACTORS

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The likelihood that an event will occur like

tossing heads or tails on a coin

PROBABILITY

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Cross involving two traits

DIHYBRID

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Dominance that occurs whenever the hybrid

genotype produces a new, intermediate phenotype

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

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Used to solve genetics problems

PUNNETT SQUARE

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Generation of all hybrids produced by crossing two

pure organisms

F1 GENERATION

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Crossing a hybrid with a pure organism is this type

of cross (1:1)

TESTCROSS

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Genetic cross involving a single trait

MONOHYBRID

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Type of dominance in which the dominant allele

is always expressed

COMPLETE DOMINANCE

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Generation that shows a 3:1 ratio of phenotypes

F2 GENERATION

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