Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in...

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Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential Question – What is genetic/hereditary material (DNA)? Warm-up – Discuss with your partner what you already know about DNA.

Transcript of Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in...

Page 1: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA)

Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait.

Essential Question – What is genetic/hereditary material (DNA)?

Warm-up – Discuss with your partner what you already know about DNA.

Page 2: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

DNADNA= = Deoxyribose Deoxyribose

Nucleic AcidNucleic Acid

The Blueprint For Life

Page 3: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

What do we already know about DNA?

It is found in the nucleus DNA makes up chromosomes It is the hereditary material for all

cells Eukaryotes AND prokaryotes contain

DNA, although prokaryotes do not have a nucleus

Page 4: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

Chromosomes and DNA GENES-sections of

DNA that contain instructions for characteristics

Our genes are on our chromosomes.

Chromosomes are made up of DNA.

CHROMOSOMES

Page 5: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

DNA In humans, the DNA

molecule, if fully extended, would have a total length of 1.7 meters. If you unwrap all the DNA you have in all your cells, you could reach the moon ...6000 times!

Page 6: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

DNA by the numbers

The average human has 75 trillion cells. DNA has a diameter of only 0.000000002

m. If you unravel all the DNA in the chromosomes of just ONE of your cells, it would stretch out 2 meters.

The earth is 150 billion m, or 93 million miles from the sun.

If you unravel all the DNA in the chromosomes of ALL of your cells, it would stretch from here to the sun more than 400 times!

Page 7: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

The Double Helix - Discovery

Watson and Crick = scientists that discovered the shape of DNA IN 1953

Franklin = Contributed to discovery with X-ray photo of molecule in 1952

Page 8: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

DNA Structure 3 PARTS OF DNA Nucleotide =

1. Sugar = Deoxyribose

2. Phosphate

3. Nitrogen Base

*Nucleotides link with sugar & phosphates alternating and bases sticking out in middle

Page 9: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

DNA Structure-Nitrogen Bases

4 bases of DNA (GCAT):1.Guanine (G)2.Cytosine (C)3.Adenine (A)4.Thymine (T)

Page 10: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

Complimentary Bases

Two Strands are held together by the bases in the middle.

G & C always bond.A & T always bond

Page 11: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

Adenine and Thymine always join together

A T

Cytosine and Guanine always join

together

C G

Important:Important:

Page 12: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

COMPONENTSDNA ISDNA is a series of nucleotides

connected together

Page 13: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

The Double Helix = Shape of DNA: 2 sides of Nucleotides,` link in the middle at

the bases, then twist

Page 14: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

DNA Models

Figure 10.3D

Ribbon model Partial chemical structure Computer model

Hydrogen bond

Page 15: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

DNA Replication

1. Occurs during Interphase

2. DNA makes an exact copy of itself

3. Occurs in the nucleus of the cell Why is this necessary?

Page 16: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

DNA Replication-STEPS

1. DNA separates or unzips

2. Nucleotides pair with bases on old chain

G-C A-T3. Two strands

created: ½ is the OLD strand; ½ is the NEW strand.

Page 17: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

Unzipped DNA And Replication Of DNA

Exact copies of original DNA

Figure 10.4B

Page 18: Genetic/Hereditary Material (DNA) Standard: S7L3a – Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Essential.

Complete The 2nd Strand Of DNA From Replication

A A T T T G C C G G A T A C G -OLD T T A A A C G G C C T A T G C -NEW T T T G G C A T T G A T C G C C -OLD A A A C C G T A A C T A G C G G -NEW A T A C G A C T T T A A A G G T -OLD -NEW T T A G C A T T A G C A T A T T -OLD -NEW G G G C C C A A A T T T C A T -OLD -NEW