Genes and Health Think about GCSE – What do you know about Genes/Genetics? What do these words...
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Genes and Health
Think about GCSE – What do you know about Genes/Genetics? What do these words make you think of? What affects do our Genes have on health?
Title: Topic 2: Genes and Health
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• Understand what is covered in topic 2 and begin to consider some key points in the topic
• Identify the issues posed people who carry the CF gene• Be able to explain the properties of a gas
exchange system• Understand how cystic fibrosis effects the
lungs of sufferers
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Journey through topic.......................................................Journey through topic.......................................................
How changes in DNA can result in genetic disease such as CF including process of DNA replication
Symptoms of CF Focus on structure of lungs and importance of gaseous exchange – in particular surface area to volume ratioStudy cell membrane structure and how substances move across membranes
To explain how faults arise in the cell membrane surface of CF sufferer – learn how genes code for proteins, how proteins are made and how their function is dependent on their structure Role of genes in inheritance
Genetic screening and gene therapy may help people with CFEthical views of new technology
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If we have a child – will it have CF? If the child does have CF, how willIt effect its life and our own?
How is CF inherited?
What are the chances of any child inheriting the condition?
Can genetic screening help? What treatments are available?
What does the future hold?
What research may develop in the future?
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CF is a common genetic disease
CF is a common genetic disease
CF affects the respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems
CF affects the respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems
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Normal Lungs• Layer of mucus coating
tubes of lungs• Produced by goblet cells• Traps dust and micro
organisms• Removed by cilia on
epithelial cells
Lungs of a Cystic Fibrosis Sufferer
• Drier mucus than normal• Sticky and difficult to
remove by cilia cells• Builds up in the airways
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Increases Chance of Lung Infections
Reduces Gas Exchange
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Gaseous exchange must Be rapid so there is Enough oxygen reachingAll the body’s respiring cells
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http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/23424-cell-diffusion-across-the-cell-membrane-video.htm
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/23424-cell-diffusion-across-the-cell-membrane-video.htm
25B1F9B3.htmhttp://genesandhealth.blogspot.com/http://genesandhealth.blogspot.com/
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Large surface area
Numerous number of capillaries around alveoli
Thin walls between alveoli and capillaries
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Ficks Law
The three properties of an effective gas exchange system
Rate of diffusion α SA X Difference in ConcThickness of surface
• Large SA• Big difference in concentration• Thin walls
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O2
O2 O2
O2O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
Alveoli
Capillary
Draw what happens next in terms of diffusion - draw as many pictures as you think it takes to explain it
Draw another picture show how diffusion couldBe increased
Draw a final picture showing the factor which reduces gas exchange
Write down Fick’s Law of diffusion
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REVIEW
One thing about CF that you would like to know more about
2 effects that CF has on lungs
3 properties of an effective gas exchange system
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Find out how to calculate:
VolumeSurface AreaSurface area: volume ratio
You will not be able to do the practical without it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!