Género, número y artículos
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Transcript of Género, número y artículos
Género, número y artículosGender, number & articles
I. Género
• In Spanish, all nouns carry gender, either masculine (M) or feminine (F).
• In order to tell whether a noun is M or F look at the ending for a clue.
• Except for some irregular exceptions, the ending will automatically distinguish the noun as M or F.
Masculino• Words that end in following letters or letter groups are
generally masculino (M).
** Be careful, I think many words do not follow this rule!
-o
alumno
-pa
mapa
-ta
poeta
-ma
programa
-l
español
-n
pelotón
(crowd)
-r
dólar
-e **
hombre
(man)
Femenina• Words that end in following letters or
letter groups are generally femenina (F).
**Be careful, remember -pa, -ta & -ma!
-a **
alumna
-dad
actividad
-tad
libertad
-ión
civilización
-z
actriz
(actress)
** Remember, these are general guidelines. There
are some exceptions that do not follow these patterns.
Ejemplos
Are the following M or F?
universidad
F
biblioteca
F
colegio
M
programa
M
II. Número
• Number refers to whether a noun is singular or plural.
• You make a noun plural by adding an –s or –es to the end of the noun.
• In some cases, other orthographic changes may be necessary.
To make nouns plural, do the following:
A. if the word ends in a vowel, simply add
“-s” to make it plural
Ex: alumno alumnos
To make nouns plural, do the following:
B. if the word ends in a consonant, add “-es”
Ex: universidad universidades
To make nouns plural, do the following:
C. if the word ends in “–z”, the plural changes to “-ces”
Ex: lápiz lápices
To make nouns plural, do the following:
D. if the word ends in “–ión”, add “-es” and remove the written accent mark
Ex: nación naciones
Examples
colegio
colegios
papel
papeles
actriz
actrices
reunión
reuniones
III. Artículos
• There are 2 types of articles in Spanish & English
A. Definite articles
B. Indefinite articles
Artículos definidos
• What is the function of a definite article?
A definite article refers to something specific
• What is a definite article in English?
the
Ejemplo
Ex: the specific boy rather than any boy.
The boy with the red shirt on
v.
A boy with a red shirt (any boy in general)
Artículos definidos
• What are they in Spanish? ** concordancia
masculino femenina
singular elthe
lathe
plural losthe
lasthe
Artículos indefinidos
• What is the function of an indefinite article?
An indefinite article refers to something in general
• What is an indefinite article in English?
a, an, some
Ejemplo
Ex: any boy rather than a specific boy.
A boy with a red shirt (any boy in general)
v.
The (specific) boy with the red shirt on
Artículos indefinidos
• What are they in Spanish? ** concordancia
masculino femenina
singular una, an
unaa, an
Plural unossome
unassome
Concordancia
concordancia = agreement
** The article that accompanies the noun must agree in gender AND number with
that noun.
Ejemplos
Artículos definidos
libro
elmuchachas
lasnación
la
Artículos indefinidos
libro
unmuchachas
unasnación
una
Adjetivos
Like articles, adjectives have to agree in gender AND number with the noun they
describe
Ejemplos
el alumno alto la alumna alta
los alumnos altos las alumnas altas
Número
Adjectives follow the same rules as nouns when making them plural
1. if the word ends in a vowel, simply add “-s” to make it plural
2. if the word ends in a consonant, add “-es”
3. if the word ends in “–z”, the plural changes to “-ces”
4. if the word ends in “–ión”, add “-es” and remove the written accent mark **
¿Preguntas?