Generic Stylesheet for PHRP(AMA Guide) 23 SEP 2015 · 2016-03-01 · Generic Stylesheet for...

Generic Stylesheet for PHRP(AMA Guide)_23 SEP 2015

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This style sheet applies to the following journals:

American English Spelling

PHRP Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives


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GENERAL POINTS

1. Copyediting style guide to be followed

In general, the guidelines detailed in the AMA Manual of Style are to be followed for these journals. All the

page numbers referred to here are from the 10th edition of the AMA Manual of Style.

2. Spelling

For whether US or UK English spelling should be used, please refer to the table on page 1 of this

document.

3. Hyphenation rules

Follow the AMA guide Section 8.3 (pp. 344–353)

When not to use hyphens (p. 349): The following common prefixes are not joined by hyphens except

when preceding a proper noun, a capitalized word, or an abbreviation: ante-, anti-, bi-, co-, contra-,

counter-, de-, extra-, infra-, inter-, intra-, micro-, mid-, non-, over-, pre-, post-, pro-, pseudo-, re-,

semi-, sub-, super-, supra-, trans-, tri-, ultra-, un-, under-.

o Retain the hyphen if needed to avoid ambiguity or awkward spelling that could interfere with

readability: co-opt, co-twin, intra-aortic.

The prefix, self- should always be hyphenated.

When two or more compound modifiers have a common base, this base can be omitted in all except the

last modifier, but the hyphens are retained, e.g., long- and short-term memory; 2-, 3- and 10-minute

trials

4. Units usage

Use Système International (SI) units, except

- mmHg for blood pressure (no space between “mm” and “Hg”)

- cmH2O for intraocular pressure (no space between “cm” and “H2O”)

Use metric units for measurements of [if imperial units have been used, please insert an AQ to the

author]

- length (i.e., mm, cm, m, km)

- area (i.e., mm2, cm2, m2, km2)

- mass (i.e., g, kg)

- volume (i.e., mL, L, m3)

Example. Three times/week should be “three times/wk

30 mL/minute/1.73 m should be 30 mL/min/1.73 m 180 mg/week should be 180 mg/wk

Use degrees Celsius for temperature, e.g., 37.5°C (no space between the numeral and “°C”)

Use uppercase letter L for liter

Use the forward slash (/) for the quotient of SI unit symbols when used with numerals, e.g., µg/L (not

“µg·L–1” or “µg per L”)

The molar concentration unit (i.e., M, mM, µM) or normality (N) is set closed up to the number (e.g.,

1M sodium chloride, 0.5N)

Heat energy is expressed in calories (cal) or kilocalories (kcal) in place of joules (J)

Units of time (e.g., second, minute, hour, day, etc.) are always spelled out in text (except when inside a

table or figure—see Appendix 2 for the abbreviations)Examples: In text use 5 minutes; in virgule

constructions use 5 mL/min; in tables use 5 min

5. Repeated units allowed?

Yes, use repeated units, except when using an en dash, e.g.,


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6. Styling for eg, vs, ie

Use “i.e.,” and “e.g.,” with a comma after

“vs.” is not italicized, it has a period, and it should only be used within parentheses; it should be spelled

out in full as “versus” when not within parentheses

7. Foreign words styling

Italicize all foreign-language words and phrases, e.g., a priori, de novo, en bloc, in situ, in vivo, in vitro,

in utero, post hoc

“versus” and “via” are not considered a foreign-language term

“et al” should always be Roman and no end period

Do not italicize English words of foreign origin

8. Style for P-value

Italicized and small letter, e.g., p < 0.05

p should NEVER start a sentence: “p < 0.05 was taken to be significant.” should be rewritten as “A p

value < 0.05 was taken to be significant.”

In cases like “p value < 0.XX” and “p value = 0.XX”, delete the word “value” so that it is “p < 0.XX”

and “p = 0.XX”

9. Style for leading zero

There is always a zero in front of the decimal for statistical values, such as α levels and p values

10. Style for ordinals

Use words to express ordinals first through ninth; use numbers for ordinals greater than ninth, e.g.,

- The first and third patients treated experienced complete remissions.

- The 10th and 22nd patients experienced severe adverse reactions. [Note: suffixes are superscripted]

In a sentence with two or more ordinals, if one of them is greater than ninth, then all should be expressed

in numeric form, e.g.,

- Children in the 5th and 10th grades were included in the survey. [Note: suffixes are superscripted]

Time-related ordinals are always expressed in numeric form, e.g.,

- In the 7th week… (NOT the seventh week)

- …of 3rd-year students…

11. Numbers

Numbers that begin a sentence or those < 10 (i.e., one to nine) are spelled out using letters

Laboratory parameters, time, temperature, length, area, mass, and volume are expressed using digits,

except at the beginning of a sentence

Centuries and decades are written out using digits, e.g., the 1980s or 19th century [note: superscripted

“th”]

Numbers within parentheses are expressed in digits even if < 10

12. Chemical nomenclature styling

Follow the AMA guide Section 14.13 (p. 526)


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13. Drug names

The generic term for all drugs and chemicals should be used, unless the specific trade name of a drug is

directly relevant to the discussion

14. Gene nomenclature

Current standard international nomenclature for genes should be adhered to, add and author query, if it is

unclear which terms are genes

Genes should be typed in italic font and include the accession number

For human genes, use genetic notation and symbols approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature

Committee (http://www.genenames.org/) or refer to PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez)

The Human Genome Variation Society also has a useful site that provides guidance in naming mutations

at http://www.hgvs.org/mutnomen/index.html

15. Variables styling

Follow the AMA guide Section 20.10 (pp. 900–902)

Italicize sample size “n” and “N”

16. Thousand separator rules

A “thousands separator” in the form of a comma should be used for numbers greater than 999, e.g.,

2,303-g female baby

n = 10,079

17. Order of parentheses to be used

{ [ ( … ) ] }

Note: avoid back to back use of parentheses if possible

18. Genus species style

Italicized

Spelled out in full at first mention in abstract or main text, e.g., Escherichia coli

Genus is subsequently abbreviated unless this may lead to confusion, e.g., E. coli [note period after “E.”]

- For instance, when there are two or more binominals in the same article with the same species name

and where the genus name starts with the same letter, e.g., Acanthotrema felis and Ancyrocephalus

felis, abbreviation of the genus name results in A. felis in both cases. Therefore, in such cases, the

genus names should not be abbreviated and the relevant binominals should be given in full in all

instances.

The genus name always has an initial capital (including in titles, section titles, and when abbreviated).

19. En-dash rules

Use en dashes for:

- ranges in text

- mathematical “minus” symbol

- between words of equal weight in a compound adjective (e.g., Chicago–London flight)

Refer also to the AMA guide Section 8.3.2. (pp. 352–353)

20. Parenthetical dashes rule

Use closed-up em dashes

21. Quotation rules

Double quotes are used; single quotes are used for quotes within a quote


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22. Manufacturing details

Complete details of the manufacturer should be provided, e.g.,

SPSS version 11 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA)

OR if the name of the product appears within parentheses:

(SPSS version 11; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA)

The complete details need to be provided only the first time the manufacturer is mentioned in the text.

Subsequent mentions need only include the manufacturer’s name, e.g., SPSS Inc.

The symbols ®, © or letters TM or SM should be deleted, but the initial letter of a trademarked word

should be capitalized

23. Commas: serial, compound sentence, nonrestrictive/restrictive, introductory

Follow the AMA guide Section 8.2.1 (pp. 336–341)

24. Style for seriation nouns (Day 1)

Capitalize

e.g.,

Day 1, Day 2, Day 3

Patient 1, Patient 2, Patient 3

25. Language: preferred words [“prior to” to “before”]

Follow the AMA guide Chapter 11 (pp. 381–419)

Use “individuals”, “patients”, or “participants” (whichever is the most appropriate) in place of

“subjects”. The term “subject” is dehumanizing, and should be avoided. (see p. 388 of AMA guide)

26. Time and dates [American]

For time, follow the AMA guide:

o Section 19.1.3 (pp. 822–823)

- If the hour of the day is given, AM or PM is used, e.g., 8:30 AM, 11:30 PM

- Use small caps for AM and PM

o With units of time used as possessive adjectives, an “s” is added, e.g., 6 months’ gestation, or 6

months of gestation, but NOT 6 months gestation (p. 363)

For dates, follow the AMA guide:

o p. 340 (use of comma)

- In dates, use commas according to the following examples. Commas are not used when the month

and year are given without the day, or between a holiday and its year.

The first issue of JAMA was published on Saturday, July 14, 1883.

The operation was scheduled for August 19, 2002, at Strong Memorial Hospital, with

postoperative evaluation on August 30.

The attack in London, England, in July 2005 led to further examination of major disaster

preparedness.

o Use small caps for BC, BCE, CE and AD

o Section 14.3 (pp. 448–449)

- Days of the week and months are not abbreviated except in tables and figures. In tables and

figures, use 3-letter abbreviations (e.g., “Mon” for Monday, “Jan” for January; see Appendix 2)

27. Statistical terms


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28. Degrees

Insert the period of the degrees M.D. and Ph.D. after names, Mr, Mrs, Dr or Prof should be deleted if

provided.

29. Titles

There should be no period after titles such as Mr, Mrs, Dr etc. Prof should be spelled out to Professor.

FRONT MATTER of ARTICLE

Article category Indicate the article category at the top of the journal full title, e.g., Review Article,

Original Article, Case Report, etc.

Article title Reword the article title if necessary (i.e., if it is too clumsy or doesn’t make sense);

insert author query to ask if the reworded article title is OK

Word case except affixes and prepositions, e.g.,

Remodeling and Repair of Orthopedic Tissue: Role of Mechanical Loading and

Biologics.

Avoid abbreviations in the main title (unless the abbreviation is and accepted term

such as DNA or AIDS)

Author names Author names are spelled out in full (Change middle name to initials, e.g., Sofia

Y.L. Chang, Please note that Korean does not abbreviate the middle name and the

names should be indicated in their full names. e.g. Tae Han Yook)

Names are separated by commas

There is NO “and” before the last author’s name

Family name (surname) appears last, e.g., Soo Wan Kim

If titles (e.g., Mr, Mrs) and degrees (e.g., M.D., Ph.D.) have been provided, please

delete them

Affiliation indicators Superscripted lower case letter before the comma

If an author has more than one affiliation, the superscripted letters are separated

by a comma (closed up)

e.g.,

Han-Dung Yu a,b, An-Hsun Chou a,*, Min-Wen Yang c, Chee-Jen Chang a,b

Affiliations Each affiliation should include department of institution, name of institution, the city

and country; the street address including zip code should be deleted.

There is NO period at the end of the affiliations

If the author provides ‘South Korea’ or ‘Republic of Korea’, please change them to

‘Korea’.

Corresponding superscripted numbers linking each affiliation to authors are placed

at the beginning of each affiliation,

e.g., a Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China b Department of Biology, Imperial College, London, UK

Corresponding An asterisk (not superscripted) is used to indicate the corresponding author,


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author indicator and appears after the superscripted letters,

e.g.,

An-Hsun Chou a*

Corresponding

author information “* Corresponding author.” is followed by the email address.

The e-mail address is on the next line. Note: “E-mail” is hyphenated. The

initialed first name and last name should be followed with a bracket.

Tel/fax numbers should be deleted

e.g.,

* Corresponding author. (No address)

E-mail: [email protected] (H.J. Chiou).

Article history dates If article history dates (Received, Revised, Accepted) are not provided, please

query author

3 dates should be provided by the society: Received, Revised, Accepted

Format: “September 25, 2009” (Full_Month_Name DATE, YYYY); please edit

the dates to follow this format

Dates are mandatory for all article categories except Editorial, Correspondence

and Book Review

e.g.,

Received: August6, 2014

Revised: September 17, 2014

Accepted: September 23

Abstract Original Articles should have structured abstracts with the following headings:

Objectives, Methods, Results, and Conclusion.

Structured abstracts are not required for other article types.

No abstract for Editorial and Letter to Editor.

Keywords Arrange keywords alphabetically

There is no period after the last keyword

Avoid abbreviations in the keywords (unless the abbreviation is an accepted term

such as DNA or AIDS)

Up to 10 keywords should be listed. Please query if author don’t provide

keyword or more than 10 keywords.

Refer to the Index Medicus Medical Subject Headings (National Library of

Medicine (US). MeSH [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of

Medicine (US); 1954 [updated 2009, cited 2009 Nov 1]. Available from:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh).

Korean characters Delete Korean article title/author names/abstract/keywords/references if provided

by the author, please query if author only provides Korean title/author

names/abstract/keywords/references

Article/author

footnote Use numbers to indicate author/article footnote

Running Heads(Left

except title page) Author names, e.g.,

- 1 author: J. S. Lim

- ≥ 2 authors: J. S. Lim, et al. [note: “et al” has no end period and is not in italics]

Running Heads(Right

except title page) Running article title, e.g.,


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Sentence case

No more than 10 words in length excluding blank spaces

- e.g., Human immunodeficiency virus infection

MAIN BODY of TEXT

Section headings Ensure that the following are consistent throughout the text (so that it is clear to the

Typesetter what level of heading each section heading is)

formatting of section headings

spacing before and after section headings

Original Articles should include the following sections: Introduction, Materials

and methods, Results, and Discussion. The Introduction should be as concise as

possible, without subheadings. The Materials and methods section should be

sufficiently detailed. Subheadings may be used to organize the Results and

Discussion. Please query author if the original article has been provided with a

‘Conclusion’ section.

Ask the author if the Conclusion section can be incorporated into the

Discussion.

Paragraphs Indent first line of all paragraphs

Abbreviations General points

Define separately in the abstract, main text, tables and figures

See the end of this document for common terms that may be used without

expansion (Appendix 1)

Avoid abbreviations in the main title or keywords (unless the abbreviation is

an accepted term such as DNA or AIDS)

In section headings

An abbreviation should NOT be first defined in any heading; if an abbreviation

has previously been defined in the text, then the abbreviation may be used in a

subsequent heading.

In abstract and main body of text

Where a term is continually referred to (i.e., ≥ 3 times in the abstract or text),

then it should be written in full when it first appears, followed by the

subsequent abbreviation in parentheses; thereafter, the abbreviation is used

(exceptions are made if a phrase is very long, but only appears twice, it can still

be abbreviated).

The term should be defined in the main text even if it has already been defined

in the abstract.

In tables and figures

Abbreviations used in tables and figures, even if already defined in the text,

should be defined and placed after the footnotes and presented (in alphabetical

order) like in this example: CT = computed tomography; MRI = magnetic

resonance imaging. [Note: The first the use of “=” with a space on the right

side, word after “=” is not capitalized, semi-colon to separate, and there is a

period after the last.]


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Other points

Abbreviations can be made plural by directly adding a lowercase “s”

Ensure that an abbreviation so defined does actually appear later in the text

(excluding in figures/tables); otherwise, it should be deleted

Where an author has defined an abbreviation to mean two (or more) different

things in the same article, please insert an author query

Common abbreviations should not be defined. Please refer to the list provided

at the end of this document (Appendix 1)

Lists Follow the example below:

For more information, refer to the AMA guide p. 356 and Section 19.5 (pp. 828–

829) on Enumerations.

Acknowledgments American English spelling: “Acknowledgments” (without 'e' between 'g' and 'm')

Placed before the References list

Conflict of Interest If Conflicts of Interest is not provided, please query author.

Example.

Conflicts of interest

All authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

BACK MATTER of ARTICLE

References Heading

Heading is plural “References” even if there is only one reference in the List

Non standard

In text, figure legends, tables

Text: Citation of references in the text should be made by giving consecutive

number in bracket (NLM style).

Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual

authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.

List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in

which they appear in the text.

References cited in tables or figure legends should be included in sequence at

the point where the table or figure is first mentioned in the main text.

Do not cite abstracts unless they are the only available reference to an

important concept.

Uncompleted work or work that has not yet been accepted for publication (i.e.,

"unpublished observation", "personal communication") should not be cited as


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references.

Spelling of author names in Text should be crosschecked with spelling in the

List

List

List the first three authors followed by et al.

References should be limited to those cited in the text and listed in the order in

which they appear in the text.

Abbreviations for journal names should conform to those used in MEDLINE.

If citing a website, provide the author information, article title, website address

and the date you accessed the information. If the date accessed is not provided,

insert an AQ to the author

Reference to an article that is in press must state the journal name and, if

possible, the year and volume.

If there is only one page, state if the article is an abstract or letter. If not

provided, insert an AQ to the author

Important note

PHRP indicates references using number(s) in square brackets.

Note the use of italics, semi-colons, colons, en dashes, word capitalization, and

page range.

References should include, in order, authors' surnames and initials, article title,

abbreviated journal name, year, volume and inclusive page numbers.

Abbreviations for journal names should conform to those used in MEDLINE.

Note shortened form for last page number. e.g., 51–9.

For further details you are referred to “Uniform Requirements for

Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals” (J Am Med Assoc

1997;277:927–34), see also

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html

Journal Articles

Author(s) – Family name and initials. Title of article. Title of journal –

abbreviated(no italic). Publication year month (abbreviated month is mandatory);

volume(issue): pages.

Examples:

Fong KS, Tomford JW, Teixeira L, et al. Challenges of interferon-gamma release

assay conversions in serial testing of health-care workers in a TB control program.

Chest 2012 Jul; 142(1):55-62.

Sterne JA, Rodrigues LC, Guedes IN. Does the efficacy of BCG decline with time

since vaccination? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1998 Mar;2(3):200-7.

Books

Author(s) – Family name and initials, Multiple authors separated by a comma. Title

of book. Edition of book if later than 1st ed. Place of Publication: Publisher Name;

Year of Publication. Pages.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html


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Examples:

— Belitz HD, Grosch W, Schieberle P. Food chemistry. 3rd rev.

ed. Burghagen MM, translator. Berlin: Springer; 2004. 1070 p.

— Riffenburgh RH. Statistics in medicine. 2nd ed. Amsterdam

(Netherlands): Elsevier Academic Press; 2006. p. 447-86.

— Statistics on occupational injuries and illnesses, 2008.

Gwacheon (Korea): Ministry of Employment and Labor (KR);

2009. 1093 p.

Reports

Author(s). Title of report. Place of publication: Publisher; Date of publication – year

month if applicable. Report No.: (if applicable). Total number of pages if applicable

eg. 24 p.

Examples:

— Page E, Harney JM. Health hazard evaluation report. Cincinnati

(OH): National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

(US); 2001. Report No.: HETA2000-0139-2824. 24 p.

— Lee KO, Kim CO, Ryu BH, Lee SY, Jung KR, Lee EJ. Ideas for

applying different inspection period varying with risk level

hazardous machinery & equipment. Incheon (Korea):

Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute; 2005.

Report No.: OSHRI2005-96-568. 241 p. [In Korean].

Web Sites

Author(s). Title of publication [type of medium – Internet]. Place of publication (if

available): Publisher (if available). Date of publication – year month day (supply year

if month and day not available) [updated year month day; cited year month day].

Available from: web address.

Examples:

PeriStats. White Plains (NY): Markch of Dimes Perinatal Data Center. 2007

[Internet]. Available from: http://www.marchofdimes.com/peristats/ [accessed 01.

02. 07]

*if there is doi provided, the underline of dois should be removed. (i.e. remove

the hyperlink from the doi)

Tables General points

Numbered consecutively in the order of their citation in the text; please reorder if

they are not in numerical order

If only 1 table in the article, the table is still numbered, i.e., as “Table 1”; please

number if not numbered

Citations like Table 1A and 1B are not allowed; either they are combined into 1

table or split into 2 tables, with corresponding changes made in the text citation;

please use your intelligent judgment when editing

Table title

Reword the table title if necessary (i.e., if it is too clumsy or doesn’t make sense);

http://www.marchofdimes.com/peristats/


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insert an author query to ask if the reworded table title is OK

Column and row headings

Use sentence case

If units appear after the heading, put them in parentheses, e.g.,

Group 1 (n = 22)

CRP (mg/mL)

If data are presented in a certain style [such as n (%) or mean ± SD], use a comma

to separate from the heading, e.g.,

Group A, n (%)

Age (y), mean ± SD

Table entries

Use sentence case

Null entry hyphens should be replaced with em-dash

Shortening of units/words inside table: refer to Appendix 2 at the end of this

document

Use multiplication symbol “×” not the letter “x” where it occurs

Table footnotes

Order of footnotes: footnotes, abbreviations; all end with a period.

Footnote designators: superscripted symbols (except for * and **) in order: No

footnote, *, †, ‡, §, ||, ¶, **, ††; ‡‡. [note: when > 10 footnotes, use superscripted

lowercase letters]

Abbreviations list: use a “=” to separate the abbreviation and its expansion; a

semi-colon to separate two abbreviated words, and an end period after the last;

abbreviations should be arranged alphabetically, e.g.,

HF = high frequency; HRV = heart rate variability; LF = low frequency.

Tables from other sources

Any reproduced table must be accompanied by a note at the bottom of the

reprinted table giving credit to the original source (if this information has not

been provided, please insert an AQ to the author), e.g.,

Note. From [or The data in column 1 are from] “Title of article,” by A.N. Author

and C.O. Author, 20xx, Title of Journal, 50, p. ###. Copyright 20xx, Name of the

Copyright Holder. Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission.

Other points

En dashes should be used to present ranges, i.e., 60–90 for 60 to 90.

“p” is an italic and lowercase letter. When p appears in the column head, it should

be “p”, NOT “p value”, “P-value” or “p-value”

Numbers should be presented and rounded appropriately, e.g.,

“p less than 0.02” should be presented as “p < 0.02”

“p = 0.0000006” should be rounded as “p < 0.001”

“≥” and “≤” should be used, instead of “>” (larger than + underline), “>=” (larger

than + equal sign), or “ ” etc…

Data expression style should be denoted in footnotes, but not repeated in each

item if it occurs throughout the whole table, e.g.,

Note: Year should be represented as y and not yr as mentioned in the table below


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which is incorrect:

Recently updated points

1. Abbreviations should be checked and explained next to figure legends followed by ‘=’ alphabetically. Please query to author if not provided.

2. The table title should not be bold and should have a dot at the end. 3. Values in tables should not be in bold. 4. Table background should be changed by category. 5. Footnote designators: superscripted lowercase letters in order: No footnote,

*, †, ‡, §, ||, ¶, **, ††; ‡‡. [note: when > 10 footnotes, use superscripted lowercase letters]

Figures General points

Numbered consecutively in the order of their citation in the text; please

reorder if they are not in numerical order

If only 1 figure in the article, the figure is still numbered, i.e., as “Fig. 1”;

please number if not numbered

In text, if referring to a figure or a specific part of a figure, write as follows:

(Figure 1A), (Figure 1A and 1C), (Figure 1A – 1C)

Figure legend

Reword the figure legend if necessary (i.e., if it is too clumsy or doesn’t make

sense); insert author query to ask if the reworded figure legend is OK

If figure has more than 1 part, then the different parts are labeled using capital

letters: A, B, C, etc.; in the figure legend, a title of the figure should be

included in a phrase in front of each capital label with round bracket and the

capital letter in parentheses is placed at the beginning of the sentence that

describes the corresponding part, e.g.,

Fig. 1. Tumors. (A) MRI shows patient X with tumor. (B) It is immunostaining of

tumor.

NOT

Figure 1. (A) MRI shows patient X with tumor. (B) immunostaining of tumor.

NOT

Figure 1. a, MRI shows patient X with tumor. b, immunostaining of tumor.

and NOT

Figure 1. MRI shows patient X with tumor (left), immunostaining of tumor

(right).

Footnotes

Placed at the end of the figure legend.



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Footnote designators: superscripted symbols (except for * and **) in order:*,

†, ‡, §, ||, ¶, **, ††; ‡‡. [note: when > 10 footnotes, use superscripted

lowercase letters]

Abbreviations list: use a “=” to separate the abbreviation and its expansion;

a semi-colon to separate two abbreviated words, and an end period after the

last; abbreviations should be arranged alphabetically.

EXAMPLE

Fig. 1. Brain MRI of a patient infected with HIV shows numerous nodules with

edema.

* Footnote 1.

† Footnote 2.

‡ p < 0.05.

HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging.

Figures from other sources

Any reproduced figure must be accompanied by a note at the end of the figure

legend giving credit to the original source, e.g.,

Note. From [or Fig. 1B is from] “Title of article,” by A.N. Author and C.O.

Author, 20xx, Title of Journal, 50, p. ###. Copyright 20xx, Name of the

Copyright Holder. Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission.

Other points

If you see mistakes inside the figures, please correct/edit if you can make

changes to the figure file; if you cannot, please insert a comment (with the

specific correction) to the Typesetter to make the correction when they redraw

the figure

Shortening of units/words inside figure: refer to Appendix 2 at the end of this

document

Use multiplication symbol “×” not the letter “x” for magnification after the

number, e.g., 100×

X-axis and Y-axis should be in sentence case, with units appearing in “( )”

after the text, e.g.,

Patients (n)

Age (y)

Time (mo)

Incidence per 1000 patient-days (n)

Frequency (%)

The description in the figure legend should match the graphic/figure

If the legend mentions an “arrow” or “asterisk”, but there is no arrow or

asterisk inside the figure, insert an AQ to the author

If the figure has an arrow or asterisk, but there is no mention of an “arrow” or

“asterisk” in the figure legend, insert an AQ to the author

Note the use of “=”, “<”, “≤”, “>”, “≥” and “±”; the use of “+/-”, “ ” or any

nonstandard forms should be corrected

Recently updated points Axes labels, legends, text in boxes etc: initial caps only should be used (i.e. ‘Days of

follow-up’). Caps are needed for species, drug names etc. The typesetter should copy the original for use of caps unless otherwise indicated.

Units should be abbreviated [i.e. h, min, s, mg, mL (although day, year, month)], and


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should be presented as ‘m/s’ rather than ‘ms-1’. Units should be given at end of axes labels in brackets.

p (for probability – i.e. p=xxx, p<xxx) should be lower case and italic

n (for number – i.e. n=xx) should be italic and lower case

Legends should not be included within the figure unless specific instructions are given (this information is usually moved to caption)

Abbreviations should be checked and explained next to figure legends followed by ‘=’ alphabetically. Please query to author if not provided.

Figure title and legend should have a dot at the end.

Footnote designators: superscripted lowercase letters in order: No footnote, *, †, ‡, §, ||, ¶, **, ††; ‡‡. [note: when > 10 footnotes, use superscripted lowercase letters]

The figure caption should not be included within figure

All figure indicators(A, B, C…) are in same font style/size with bracket

Figure indicators should be placed for multiple images in one figure and explained in the legend. Please query to author if not provided.

Appendixes General points

Numbered consecutively in the order of their citation in the text; please reorder if

they are not in numerical order

If only 1 appendix in the article, the appendix is still numbered, i.e., as “Appendix

1”; please number if not numbered

Footnotes

Placed at the end of the appendix in the footnotes section.


Footnote designators: superscripted symbols (except for * and **) in order:*, †, ‡,

§, ||, ¶, **, ††; ‡‡. [note: when > 10 footnotes, use superscripted lowercase letters]

Abbreviations list: use a “,” to separate the abbreviation and its expansion; a

semi-colon to separate two abbreviated words, and an end period after the last;

abbreviations should be arranged alphabetically, e.g., HF = high frequency; HRV = heart rate variability; LF = low frequency.

IMPORTANT POINTS: There should be no space between the number and “°C”, i.e., “21 °C” should be corrected to “21°C”

Space before “p” in parentheses should be deleted, i.e., ( p < 0.05) should be (p < 0.05).

Use of the words “gender” and “sex”

“Sex” refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women, while “gender” refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women (WHO definition). Therefore, stop changing “sex” to “gender” if the author means “sex” in the biological and physiological sense.

Use of the word “subject” The guideline is that the word “subject” when used to describe a specific patient or population of patients dehumanizes them, so the term should be avoided if possible. This does not mean that it is a hard and fast rule and that all instances of the word “subject” should be changed automatically to “patient” or “case” or “participant” because sometimes, using the word “subject” may be more appropriate.

Appendix 1. Abbreviations of clinical, technical and other common terms that may be used without

expansion


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AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

C complement (use with a number, e.g. C1, C2, . . . C9)

CD clusters of differentiation (use with a number, e.g. CD4 cell)

CD compact disc

CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory

cf compare

CST central standard time

DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloro-ethane (chlorophenothane)

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

DOS disk operating system

dpi dots per inch

EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

e.g. for example

EST eastern standard time

etc et cetera (and so forth)

F French (add catheter; use only with a number, e.g. 12F catheter)

GB gigabyte

GMT Greenwich mean time

HLA human leukocyte antigen (use "HLA antigen")

HTML hypertext markup language

http hypertext transfer protocol

i.e. that is (from the Latin id est)

IQ intelligence quotient

ISBN International Standard Book Number

ISSN International Standard Serial Number

JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group (computer file format for digital images)

kB kilobyte

m- meta- (use only in chemical formulas or names)

MB megabyte

MST mountain standard time

nb nota bene (note well)

Nd:YAG neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet [laser]

o- ortho- (use only in chemical formulas)

OD oculus dexter (right eye) (use only with a number, as in a refraction)

OS oculus sinister (left eye) (use only with a number, as in a refraction)

OU oculus unitas (both eyes) or oculus uterque (each eye) (use only with a number)

p- para- (use only in chemical formulas or names)

PaCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide, arterial

PaO2 partial pressure of oxygen, arterial

PCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide

PDA personal digital assistant

PDF portable document format

pH negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration

PO2 partial pressure of oxygen

PST Pacific standard time

RAM random access memory

Rh rhesus (of, related to, or being an Rh antibody, blood group, or factor)

RNA ribonucleic acid

ROM read-only memory

SAS Statistical Analysis System


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SGML standardized general markup language

SPSS Statistical Product and Service Solutions (formerly Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)

SSC standard saline citrate

SSPE sodium chloride, sodium phosphate, EDTA [buffer]

TB terabyte

TIFF Tag(ged) Image File Format

TNM tumor, node, metastasis

ul uniformly labeled

URI uniform resource identifier

URL uniform resource locator

URN uniform resource name

UV ultraviolet

UV-A ultraviolet A

UV-B ultraviolet B

UV-C ultraviolet C

VDRL Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (add test) vs. versus. Note, spell out in the text, only use vs. within parentheses or in figures and tables.

XML extensible markup language

zip Zone Improvement Plan (zip code)

Appendix 2. Abbreviations to be used inside tables, figures, and in virgule constructions (but NOT in

table titles or figure legends)

and &

number no.

day d

hour h

millisecond ms

minute min

month mo

second s

week wk

year y

Monday Mon

Tuesday Tue

Wednesday Wed

Thursday Thu

Friday Fri

Saturday Sat

Sunday Sun

January Jan

February Feb

March Mar

April Apr

May May

June Jun


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July Jul

August Aug

September Sep

October Oct

November Nov

December Dec

Generic Stylesheet for PHRP(AMA Guide) 23 SEP 2015 · 2016-03-01 · Generic Stylesheet for...

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