UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DOON COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

PREMNAGAR, DEHRADUN (UTTARAKHAND

Mr Sunil Rajoriya

PLASTICS HAVE BECOME AN INDISPENSABLE PART IN TODAY’S WORLD .DUE TO THEIR LIGHT-WEIGHT ,

DURABILITY ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY , COUPLED WITH A FASTER RATE OF PRODUCTION AND DESIGN FLEXIBILITY ,THESE

PLASTIC ARE EMPLOYED IN ENTIRE RANGE OF INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC AREAS .

PLASTIC ARE NON DEGRADABLE POLYMERS OF MOSTLY CONTAINING CARBON, HYDROGEN AND FEW OTHERS

ELEMENTS SUCH AS CHLORINE , NITROGEN ETC..,.

DUE TO ITS NON-BIODEGRADABLE NATURE ,THE PLASTIC WASTE CONTRIBUTES SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE PROBLEM OF

MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT .

Plastics are natural / synthetic materials .

They are produced by chemically modifying natural substances or are synthesized from inorganic and organic raw material. on the basis of their

physical characteristics ,plastics are usually divided into thermosets ,elastomers and thermoplastics .

These groups differ primarily with regard to molecular structure , which is what determines their differing thermal behavior .

THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF PLASTICS:

Thermosets

Elastomers

thermoplastics

Plastics offer a variety of environmental benefits .However, their production, applications, and disposal has many environment concerns .

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SOLUTION WITH BAD EFFECTS

The pile up of these wastes in the land filling sites cause problems

Breeding of insects, mosquitoes etc. Emissions of pollutants and obnoxious gases. Requirement of more land filling sites. Water contamination .

Indian automobile industry is growing at more than 18% p.a. and is hungry for plastics.

The main thing which makes plastic wastes valuable is longer carbon chains than those in LPG, petrol, and diesel fuels. Therefore, it is possible to convert waste plastic into fuels.

Among all of them, a promising method is pyrolysing the carbonaceous solid wastes because – 60-90 % of volume reduction and 70-98 % of weight reduction are possible which means only lesser land area requirement for filling. There are no health hazards and there is a possibility of clean Enviornment .

Pyrolysis oil can be used directly as fuel or blended with petroleum product . Pyrolysis oil is a source of various chemicals.

RAW MATERIALS•Waste plastics.

PROCESS DESCRIPTION:Take1 kg of waste plastics of some kind [ldpe,hdpe] cut it into piece and

dry it .The waste plastic is put inside the reactor after drying it.The reactor must designed to withstand high temperature of about 3500c-

400oc.It has an inlet at the top for collecting the vapour.Start the burner for heating the reactor and measure the temperature .When the temperature reaches 150oc the vapour start to come down to the

Condenser.

The heating is continued for about 11/2 hours till the vapour stop collecting. After 1 or 11/2 hrs the plastics are decomposed.At the time larger carbon molecules are break into smaller molecules.There is no need of using catalyst for the process.The top of the reactor inlet is connected with the spiral condenser where the

vapours are condensed.Finally the fuel from condensed vapours are collected .Approximately 700ml of thermo fuel will be collected from per kg of waste

plastics. Thermocouple is used to measure high temperature .

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LIQUID PRODUCT

GAS CHROMATOGRAPH/MASS SPECTROMETER UNIT (GC-MS):-

Determination of molecular weights and (sometimes) elemental compositions of unknown organic compounds in complex mixtures.

Identification and quantitation of volatile and semi volatile organic compounds in complex mixtures.

Gel Permeation Chromatography(GPC).

Type of size exclusion chromatography (SEC), that separates analytes on the basis of size.

GPC is often used to determine the relative molecular weight of polymer samples as well as the distribution of molecular weights.

Pyrolysis of solid wastes will yield solid char, liquid oil, and gases; all of them have considerable heating values

liquid products have compositions overlapping those of major existing hydrocarbon fuels such as petrol, diesel and kerosene. Use of these products directly as a fuel or for reprocessing in a refinery therefore appears possible.

RESULTS

The production of thermofuel from waste plastics is one of the better methods to save the environment profitably