General Science Let 08

7/29/2019 General Science Let 08

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GENERAL EDUCATION – (20% Natural Sciences)

Content Update: Basic concepts and Principles

Introduction:Science is, indeed, one of the most important subject areas in today’s

curriculum. Much emphasis have been to this field of study. Life has been increasingly

influenced by science and technology in our pursuit of a more comfortable lifestyle. Technology is the application of the scientific theories and laws. The inventions intelecommunication and transportation have drawn the world smaller and smaller. Withthe advent of information can be relayed to other parts of the word in just a matter of seconds. The recent breakthroughs in genetic mapping have made it possible toidentity the useful and bad genes that will result to the breeding of a better specie.

All these have made life more convenient than ever. However, these technologymay also pose hazard to mankind if not used properly. The mobile phones couldsabotage the economy of a particular country. The ever-increasing number of vehicleshas been badly changing our climatic condition.

Science can be a vehicle to inculcate values on the proper use of technology

that bring both advantages and disadvantages.

The natural sciences review shall focus on the following objectives:1. Utilize scientific knowledge in the preservation of human life andconservation of the earth’s resources

•relate scientific theories of actual happenings and natural and man-inducedcalamities

•utilized biological knowledge and theories in the improvement of the quality of life and

•apply knowledge and theories of physical sciences in the improvement of life2. Apply scientific knowledge and principles for the improvement of human

resources and socio-economic development3. Identify problems and suggest solutions related to personal andcommunity health

I. What is Science?It presents a systematized body of knowledge, structured but not rigid. The

contents or facts of this knowledge are gathered through keen observation andrelentless experimentation whereby the ideas generated are also products of further investigations.

Science is not only a mere body of knowledge. It is a search for answers toquestions, or of solutions to problems, using the process skills of observing,inferring, experimenting, and the like.

a. Natural Science is a wide field of study compressing biological and physicalsciencesb. Biological Sciences deals with life and has many branches. The two generalbranches are botany (the study of plants) and zoology (the study of animals).c. Physical Sciences any of the natural sciences dealing with inanimate matter orwith energy as physics, chemistry, and astronomy collectively.

Generated knowledge or information through scientific study about livingand non-living things and the process skills of science are used as tools orvehicles for addressing the needs and concerns of society.

II. What is Technology?An applied science. It can be an invention, a gadget, a process or

just an improved procedure. Technology as a product may be a gadget, tool, device, piece of

equipment, machine or instrument. Or may be a consumer item, such as seedlessgrapes, powered mild biodegradable soap and Styrofoam.

The process of reproducing whole plants from its issue or plant tissue culture isan example of this kind of technology, so is skin grafting.

St. Louis Review Center, Inc-Davao Tel. no. (082) 224-2515 or 222-8732 1



Powder technology involves the making of dry materials with particle diametersof 100 micrometers (mm) or less.

Powders are converted from bulk solids using mechanical processes whichsubject the mumps too contact forces. The lumps break up into very much smallerparticles, the size of which depends not only on the forces applied but also on thenature of the material.

III.Basic Goals of Science Education: The teaching of science at all levels (from elementary to secondary

to tertiary level) is carried on for three basic reasons:a) to prepare scholars in the discipline ( pure scientists)b) to provide individuals with a background in science of technological orprofessional occupations ( applied scientists)c) to provide individuals with a background science as part of their generaleducation of effective citizenship ( the ordinary citizen)

More specifically, the basic goal is to produce a populace withbasic understanding of the principles of science, the ability to utilize he technologyavailable and an interest in and appreciation for science. (THE DEVELOPMENT OF A

SCIENTIFICALLY LITERATE CITIZENRY ). The identified constructs of Scientific and technological Literacy (STL) belowwere based on studies made by science educators and researchers using the followingbehavior indicators:

A. Nature of Science and Technology- a teacher demonstrates anunderstanding of the nature of science and technology when he/she:- exhibits knowledge of background on the history and development, the

philosophy, and the sociology of science and technology- appreciates the empirical nature and objectivity of science and technology- recognizes the works of scientists and the nature of the scientific

enterpriseThe dimensions of the nature of science, based on the interdependent

relationship of process and products are:1) Science proceeds as a series of approximations2) Science is tentative3) Scientific knowledge is capable of public empirical test4) Science proceeds on the assumption that time, space and matter arereal and that nature is consistent5) Every effect has a cause that can be qualified6) There is no single method of science but many different possible waysof conducting investigations.

B. Concepts and Principles o Science and Technology – A teacherdemonstrates knowledge of the basic concepts, principles of science andtechnology when he/she:- defines an presents facts, basic concepts, principle and laws in sciences

and technology- applies science and technology concepts, principles and theories in real-

life situations; i.e, in solving everyday problems and making decisions- shows familiarity with the basic precepts of science and technology- communicates effectively the scientific knowledge to bridge the gap

between the scientific knowledge to bridge the gap between the scientific

community and the lay public. The seven conceptual schemes are:

1) All matter is composed of units called fundamental particles2) Matter can be classified in hierarchies or organizational levels.3) The behavior of matter in the universe can be described on a statisticalbasis.4) Units of matter interact




5) All interacting units of matter tend toward an equilibrium in whichenergy content in minimum and energy distribution is at random. In the process of attaining equilibrium, matter-energy transformations occur and is conserved6) The fundamental unit of matter is in constant motion and is responsiblefor heat and temperature as well as the states of matter7) All matter exists in time and space and change occur at various ratesand patterns

C.Processes of Science and Technology- a teacher demonstratesunderstanding of the processes of science and technology when he/she:- uses the processes of science in solving problems, making decisions and

furthering his/her own understanding of the universe- engages in activities that encourage higher levels of thinking and uses

inquiry-oriented instruction- develop skills associated with the products of science and technology

D. Dispositions/Attitudes of Science and Technology – a teacherdemonstrates appropriate scientific attitude and values if he/ she developsattitude about science and taking an active interest in natural phenomenaand technological advancements and if he/she exhibits:

a. Objectivity d. Resourcefulnessb. honesty e. Suspended judgmentc. open-mindedness f. Creativity

The operating conceptions and methodological corollaries to scientific attitudesare as follows:

1) All facts and concepts of science undergo objective and criticalanalysis

2) Science includes a constant search for new and superior explanationsof phenomena

3) All theories, laws, etc.. Are based on evidence rather than tradition4) The aim of science is to increase knowledge of physical and biological

world; it is developmental5) Secrecy in science cannot be tolerated

E. Interaction of Science, Technology and Society – a teacher demonstrate anunderstanding and appreciation of the joint enterprise of science technologyand the interaction of this with society when he/she:- recognizes the role that science and technology play in the country’s

progress- describes the usefulness of science and technology to society- discusses social issues related to science and technology

The important dimensions of the interrelationship of science, technology and

society are as follows:1) Science and technology differs only in motivation and purpose2) Pure science produces conceptual schemes useful knowledge andtechnology produces conceptual schemes useful to pure science3) Social, political and economic problems are related to advances inscience and technology4) Science is part of our cultural heritage5) Technological aspects of society are the links between the scientist andthe non- scientists

ANALYZING TEST ITEMS

Directions: Read each question very carefully. Choose the correct/bestanswer for each of the questions below.

A. Nature of Science and Technology1. Which of the following statements is definitely true about the nature of Science?

a. Science can always uncover the truth in the realm of natureb. Science will help make the world a better place to live in




c. Theories in science can be disproved by testing: a well established theory canbe demolished with a sing observationd. Scientific work requires a dedication that excludes the lives of people inother fields of work

2. Who among the following scientists have been credited as the founder of scientificmethod?a. Francis Bacon b. Aristotle c. Charles Darwin d. Isaac Newton

3.Even when scientific investigations are done correctly, the knowledge that whatscientists discover from those investigations may change in the future exists.Which of the statements below do you think best explain or describe how scientificknowledge changes?

a. Scientific knowledge changes because the earth’s physical environmentchanges.b. Scientific knowledge changes because scientists disprove the theories ordiscoveries of old scientists by using new techniques or improved instrumentsc. Scientific knowledge appears to change because new knowledge is addedonto old knowledge ; the old knowledge does not changed. Scientific knowledge appears to change because the interpretation of old

facts can change ; correctly done experiments yield unchangeable facts4. Scientists use the word “ theory” in a different way from its usage in everyday

speech. All of the following statements are characteristics of a scientific theory,Except:

a. Scientific theories are explanations that may be revised or improvedb. Scientific theories are hypotheses or suppositions that has not been verifiedc. Scientific theories evolve as they go through stages of redefinition and

refinementd. Scientific theories are well tested and verified hypotheses about certain

aspects of the natural world5. A scientist and a statesman is:

a. George Washington b. Benjamin Franklin c. Thomas Jefferson d.Alexander Hamilton

6. All of the following statements prove that scientific knowledge is born out of aneffort to understand the unity of nature, Except:

a. The various science contribute to a single organized body of knowledgeb. Biology, Chemistry and Physics are similar kinds of knowledgec. Relationships among laws, theories and concepts contribute to theexplanatory and predictive power of scienced. Today’s scientific laws, theories, and concepts of science may have to bechanged in the face of new evidence

B. Concepts of Science and Technology

1. Ultrasound is often used by medical workers to obtain features of internal bodyparts. Infrasound the other hand is commonly used in:

a. Monitoring condition in pregnant womenb. Detecting harmful living tissues inside the bodyc. Seismographic surveying of structures below the Earth’s surfaced. Providing instant moving pictures of tidal waves and earthquakes

2. The following statements are ideas about the environment. Which one is FALSE?a. plants clean the air of harmful gasesb. clear water is clean waterc. it takes millions of years for crude oil to form

d. fire can sometimes start by itself in a big pile of decaying garbage3. Which of the following processes of treating water in industrial waste is provided

by a wide lagoon?a. aeration, cooling sedimentation c. aeration, flocculation,

condensationb. filtration , condensation, flocculation d. Sedimentation,

condensation, cooling4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE of energy in the biosphere?




a. Energy follows a one-way path c. Energy follows a cycle throughthe web of life

b. Energy is conserved in the biosphere d. Energy leaves the livingsystem in the form of heat

5. A paper bag will hold potatoes but will not hold water very long. A plastic bag mayhold water, but oxygen will pass through the plastic fast enough to keep agoldfish alive for weeks; but not fast enough to keep you alive even for a few

minutes. From the above statements we could infer that:a. paper bag is permeable to potatoes but not to waterb. the paper bag is permeable to oxygen but not to waterc. the plastic bag is permeable to oxygen but not to waterd. the plastic bag is permeable to both water and potatoes

6. All interacting units of matter ten toward a state in which energy content is aminimum, and the energy distribution is most random. In the process of attainingthis state, energy, matter, and energy-matter transformations occur. This schemeis governed by all of the following concepts, Except:

7. a. conservation b. Equilibrium c. homeostasis d.Isostasy

8. Which of the following facts support the Big Bang Theory’s explanation of thecreation of the universe?a. The universe does not expand nor contract.b. The universe seldom expands.c. The universe will have background radiation.d.The universe has no beginning or end.

9. In which kingdom should MOLD be classified?A. ProtistaB. PlantaeC. Fungi

D. Animalia

10. The Santiago family has had four children, all girls. The fifth child born is aboy. This change is the result of

A. A conception classes taken by the parents.B. The timing of the fertility cycles.C. The father’s contribution of a “Y” chromosome. *D. The “law of averages” finally catching up.

C. Processes in Science and Technology1. When a scientists investigate, it is said that follow the “ Scientific method”. How will

you logically arrange the essential steps of the scientific method?1. make an educated guess-hypothesis2. recognize the problem3. formulate the simplest generalization4. perform experiments to test the prediction5. predict the consequences of the hypothesis

6. a. 1,4,2,3,5 b. 2,1,5,4,3 c. 2,5,1,3,4 d.3,2,1,4,

2. Scientist also found that other stalky vegetables such as carrots also help lowerblood pressure. Thisstatement is BEST classified as

a. experimentb. nonessential fact

c. findingd. prediction




Questions 3-4 refer to the experiment below:Cynthia and Reggie were experimenting with their microwave oven.Cynthia was interested to know if all liquids got as hot as each other in the microwave.A picture of the front control panel is shown below:

Reggie noticed that Cynthia pressed the buttons in this order:HIGH –pressed onceMIN 1- pressed twice

SEC 10 – press 3 timesCynthia then put a cupful of water in the cooker and pressed Start.3. How long was the water heated?

a. 2 min., 30 sec. B. 2 min., 3 sec c. 1 min, 10 sec. D. 1 min., 3 sec4. To determine if oil gets as hot as water in a microwave cooker, which of the

following cups and times should be used to compare oil and water?

oil Water oil water

a. (half cup)150 sec b. 1(half cup) 150 sec c. (cupful)150 secd.(cupful) 150 sec

5. A paint technologist used different kinds of white paint onto concrete wall. He cameback every two months and observed the painted areas with a hand lens. Which of the following question could be a possible problem for this experiment?

a. Which paint color is best for concrete walls? c. Which kind of white paint fadedfastest under the sun?

b. Do walls need to be painted with different colors? d. Which part of the concrete wallneeds to be repainted?6. All of the following statements play some part in describing the scientific method.

Which statement does not clearly described the scientific method?a. the scientific method is an attitude that guides students in their workb. the scientific method is testing and pre-testing; it is proving something true or false in

a valid wayc. the scientific method is recording results carefully and being accurate in making

analysisd. the scientific method is the laboratory procedure and techniques often written in a

book or journal by a scientist

D. Interaction of Science , Technology and Society

1. Which of the following statements best describes the connection between scienceand technology?

a. technology involves the practical applications of scientific knowledgeb. scientist use the laws and principles discovered by technologistc. technology is the part of science that deals with mechanical problemsd. science depends on technology for ideas and the organization of experimental work

2. The wise use of resource for the permanent good of all is referred to as:a. restoration b. Preservation c. conservation d. Reforestation

3. Biologist are now learning more about the metabolism of plants and animalsthrough the use of:a. Isotonic tracers c. high energy particle accelerators


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b. mass spectroscopy d. Cloud chamber photography4. Scientists do more than just work in laboratory benches, a study of the works of

Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Isaac Newton, Francis Bacon, ect. Haveresulted in great benefits to man in scientific investigations and the arts, education,literature and politics. This dimension only proves that statements that:

a. Science and technology interacts directly with societyb. The lay public must come to understand the scientist and his methods

c. Science is one the humanities; man should know science in a humanistic wayd. The intelligent direction of science in a free society depend upon an informed public

E. Attitudes/Dispositions in Science and Technology1. One dilemma resulting from technological advancements is the exploitation of

resource. Which of the following social response do you think is more relevant tosociety today?

a. invent technologies that use only renewable resourcesb. use natural resources and not exploitable resourcesc. invent non-polluting technologiesd. design technologies that are labor intensive

2. The air in Metro Manila is now heavily polluted with carbon dioxide and lead dustfrom motor vehicles, factories and restaurants. As a citizen, you will minimizepollution by following all the practices below, Except:

a. bury garbage rather than burning itb. burning garbage in you own backyardc. participate actively in the government’s tree planting projectd. help disseminate information regarding the advantages of using anti-pollution devices

for motor vehiclesModified True or False

The items below are pairs of related statements/ideas about science andtechnology. For each pair, write:

A. if both statements are trueB. if both statements are falseC. if the first statement is true and the second is falseD. if the first statement is false and the second is true

1. a) The success of any group activity depends on the group leaderb) Every member, however, after being given a topic to research on should

gather data, make experimentation and draw conclusions regardless of whenever the others have done these too.

2. a) Imagination has no place in developing a science theory; it is based on reasoningand experimental techniquesb) As such, science is impersonal and value free

3. a) Any physical or chemical change in the environment that is capable of eliciting aresponse from a living system is a stimulusb) The ability of an organism to respond and survive to the changing stimuli isreferred to as adaptation

4. a) In engineering, a design takes into account all the constraints ( e.g. PhysicalLaws, economic, politics)b) An optimum (i.e., “ Best”) design arrives at some reasonable compromise ( i.e.balance) among the different constraints

5. a) Engineering decisions without fail involve scientific judgmentsb) these decisions involve social and personal values

6. a) The earth’s axis is tilted; i.e. slanted

b) this tilt produces seasonal changes in the earth’s climate7. a) Scientific knowledge is tentative and nothing can be proved absolutely

b) if at some future date it is found that electricity does not consist of electronstoday’s practices in designing electrical appliances will have to be discarded.

8. a) Scientist study a world of which they are a part; not a world of which they arepartb) this is because there is a social context and accountability to science

9. a) Engineers can design solution for all the problems




b) in the short term, engineering affects societies and cultures more directly thanscientific research

10. a) A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a problemb) When it is neither supported nor discredited by one set experiment, it becomes atheory

IV. UPDATING SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

On Health and Medicine• Biotechnology a field of scientific research on the development of techniques in genetic engineering and increased understanding of themolecular basis of cellular processes

• At present, cancer patients are treated through surgery, chemotherapyand irradiation. The use of monoclonal bodies also holds promise in thetreatment of cancer

• Antibiotic production. The manufacture of antibiotics may consist of growing Bacillus and Streptomyces species in a medium enriched withcoconut water

• Vaccine Production. Protoplast or cell fusion is being done to produce

monoclonal antibodies which can detect specific antigens their desirablequalities, such as yield, growth rate and resistance to diseases

On Food

• Food crops Propagation. Through tissue culture, a biotechnologicalprocess, commercially important species may be propagated in greatnumbers in a short period of time without changing their desirable qualities,such as yield, growth rate and resistance to diseases

On Environment

• There are ways of effectively resources and treat waste products. Theseare:a) Biosensing, the detection of environmental pollutants using a biological

elementb) Bioremediation, the use of microorganism to breakdown toxic compounds

into harmless substancesc) Bioteaching, the removed of pollutants using microorganism or organic

materials

• Plastic are man-made substances which can be molded into differentshapes.

Plastic are largely made from chemical obtained from petroleum oil; more

specifically, they are polymers made from alkenes. Plastic are made fromelements carbon, hydrogen, chloride and sometimes ammonia. They areformed by linking units at the same kind through the process known aspolymerization

Wide use of plastic can be traced to the fact that its “ Hardness” can beadjusted such that it can be made to be hard (as in ratio, camera or cellularphone cases), soft (as in plastic bags), or runny (as in Stockings)

Polymers making up plastics may contain element other than alkane base.Chlorine is added to polymers to come up with polyvinyl chlorides (PVC’s)

found in phonograph records, garden hoses, etc.

Nonstick utensils are also based on plastics that do not contain hydrogen. Thefluorine-carbon bond is so strong that will not allow anything to “ stick” to it

But lately, these new materials have been creating problems in ourenvironment. People are now thinking of how these synthesis materials canbe disposed of without harming the environment .




• Although 92 elements are found in nature, 10 elements already make up99% of all matter on earth by weight. These are oxygen, silicon, aluminum,iron, calcium,, sodium, potassium, magnesium hydrogen and titanium.

• The commonly occurring compounds as grouped into oxides, silicates,acids, bases and salts. Oxides are compounds consisting of an elementcombined with hydrogen. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, iron oxide, andsulfur dioxide. Are examples of oxides. ACIDS are compounds which when

dissolved in water release hydrogen to form hydrogen ions. Acids turn bluelitmus paper to red or pink. BASES are compounds which always contain agroup called hydoxyl ion consisting of one oxygen atom and one hydrogenatom. Bases turn red or pink litmus paper to blue. Salts are formed bycombination of acids and bases in the process called neutralization.

What are some basic science concepts that are related to the preservation of humanlife, conservation of the earth’s resources and socio-economic development?

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES OF MATTER

• Protoplasm is the basic living matter. For most organisms on earth, the cellcontaining protoplasm, is the smallest unit of life.

• Living things undergo metabolism which is the synthesis of substancesand cell respiration or the breakdown of food substances to release energyneeded for living

• Living things and the environment affect each other. This mutual effectsand reaction is described as the interaction between living and non-livingthings. There is also interaction among living things

• The amount of matter on earth remains more or less the same throughtime. This is made possible by the biogeochemical cycles of matter.

• Photosynthesis which is the production of carbohydrates and oxygen fromcarbon dioxide and water, and oxidation of organic compounds (also calledcell respiration when it occurs within the living cell), are two importantprocesses involved in the oxygen cycle. The chemical changes that make theoxygen cycle possible are also the same chemical changes involved in thecarbon and hydrogen cycles

• Oxygen in excess of 21% in the atmosphere reacts with may substances inrocks and soils, and dissolves into bodies of water where aquatic organismsabsorb it

• Carbon dioxide, in excess of 0.03% in the air, diffuses into the bodies of water to sink at the where it combines with other substances such as calcium

and magnesium• The phosphorus cycle occurs only in the litosphere, the hydrosphere , andthe biosphere but not in the atmosphere because, phosphorous does notform a gaseous compound

• The burning of coal and petroleum, volcanic eruptions, and decay of organic matter are processes that release sulfur into the atmosphere

ENERGY FLOW IN THE BIOSPHERE

• The energy coming from the sun reaches the earth in a form known aselectromagnetic radiation

• The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created nor

destroyed but can only be changed of energy• The second law of thermodynamics states that some useful energy isconverted into heat at every transformation of energy

• Green plants are capable of capturing solar radiation because of thechlorophyll found in their cells

• Energy transfer among living things is made possible by a series of eatingand being eaten. In this process of energy and being eaten. In this process of




energy transfer, living things are grouped as producers, consumers anddecomposers

• Only an averaged of 10% of the energy stored in the bodies of organismsin one tropic level can be transferred to the next higher tropic level. Thismakes the energy transfer in living systems highly inefficient

• The total mass of any tropic level at any one time must be greater thanthe total biomass of the tropic level which it supports

• The cell in the living body utilized energy for the maintenance of lifeprocesses, for growth and foe the repair of damaged cells of the body.

• The energy in the biosphere can be conserved by maximizing and using itproperly

ENERGY GENERATION

• The two basic forms of energy are potential and kinetic energy

• A body that exerts force, performs work, or undergoes changes hasenergy

• The different source of energy are fossil fuels ( oil and coal), nuclearenergy, water power, wind power, tidal power, geothermal power, and solarenergy

• Imported energy accounts for more than half (54.33%) of our energy needin the last decade of the century. Of this, 49.41% comes from oil, 4.92% isobtained from coal• The Philippines is the world’s second largest producer of geothermalenergy. The largest geothermal power plant in the world is in Tiwi, Albay.

• Hydropower is the biggest indigenous source of energy in our country yetit supplies only less than a tenth of our energy needs

• The extraction, development, transport, use and disposal of energy wastescause damage to land, air and water resources; and to the environment as a

whole• The most serious threat to the environment associated with oil and gastakes place when fuel is transported and used.

• Conservation of energy does not mean non-use; it means wise andefficient use of energy

• Energy conservation requires the combined efforts of industries,government agencies and individuals

HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND THE ATMOSPHERE

• Air is a mixture of gases. The gases that compose dry air are nitrogen,oxygen, argon, neon, helium, methane, krypton, and hydrogen. Air also

contains some very important variable gases such as water vapor, carbondioxide, and ozone.

• Air pollution is the presence in the atmosphere of one or morecontaminants such as dust, fumes, gases and smoke in large quantities thatare harmful to human, plant and animal life

• Air pollutants are the substances that physically or chemically changes theproperties of air and makes it harmful. The best known air pollutants aresulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and chloroflourocarboncompounds

• Acid rain is brought about by burning tremendous quantities of fossil fuels,that is petroleum and coal. This process release million metric tons of sulfurdioxide and nitrogen into the air. These compounds undergo chemicalchanges and produce acids.




SOME ECONOMICAL PROBLEMS CAUSED BY HUMAN INDISCRETION:

• Forest denudation caused extensive logging and kaingin; endangersspecies, even causes extinction and in the short term; long term effectsincludes erosion, floods, and siltation.

• Extinction of wildlife one of the results of the above activity but may also

happen in all disturbed ecosystems.• Soil erosion occurs in soils devoid of all cover and exposed to impact of wind and rain• Siltation is a result of soil erosion or mining activities; effects crop fieldsas well as rivers and coral reefs• Eutrophication “ enrichment” of a body of water with organic substancesbeyond its natural capacity, the result is the lack of oxygen or “ Death” of that body of water characterized in its early stages by blooms of increase inthe populations of certain species ( e.g. bacteria, algae, water hyacinth) tothe disadvantage of others which also need oxygen

• Destruction of marine ecosystem caused by over

• Collection of corals and shells, dynamite fishing, cyanide, fine net fishinggear, wastes, oil spills, offshore oil drilling

• Thermal inversion a weather phenomenon occurring during the coldermonths of the year when a cold air layer forms next to earth ( Usually, it isthe other way around, temperature dips the higher you go); in deep valleys,this not disperse as fast, if the valley happen to be a thickly populated andindustrialized city, the hazardous emissions of machine are suspended in theair for toys, endangering the health of sensitive individuals

• Radiation fallout the fine debris on the aftermath of a nuclear explosion;the radioactive particles may make he in an ecosystem radioactive; theconcentration of radioactivity could be magnified at every level of the foodchain until toxic or lethal are reached ( Biological magnification).

PART II. ANALYZING TEST ITEMS

Direction: Read the question properly. Indicate your answer by enriching the letter of your choice.1. Nilda performed an experiment on air pressure. She always interprets her data on

the basis of actual observations and experiments. What scientific attitude does shehave?a. Curiosity b. Creativity c. objectivity d.

rationality2. A scientist works on the following concepts. Which is a technological conceptrather than a scientific concept:

a. Experiments provide information that will always support predictionsb. Events nature do not point the way to possible solutions to problemsc. Predictions do not point the way to possible solutions to problemsd. Graphs, tables are not useful in interpreting data

3. A factory is on fire. The cause of this is traced to faulty electrical wiring. How isenergy here transformed one from to another?

a. Mechanical to electrical energy c. Electrical to heat energyb. Electrical to mechanical energy d. Heat energy to electrical energy

4. Which of the following is a technological concept rather than a science concept:a. Fluorescent lamps are improved through methods of manufacturingb. Tungsten has a high melting pointc. Resistance is directly proportional to currentd. Metals are good conductors of heat

5. You are asked by your science teacher to prepare a solution, which of the followingmixtures will you need?

a. oil and water b. powdered chalk and water c. sulfur and waterd. Sugar and water




6. A chemical change takes place when...a. Milk sours b. A paper cut into pieces c. Ice melts d. Water boils

7. Oil from a ship leaked out while it is sailing in the sea. Which of the following will beobserved?

a. The oil will change into water c. The oil will stay on top of the waterb. The oil will settle t the bottom of the sea d. The oil and sea water will mix

8. A hanging bridge that is about to collapse demonstrations

a. Kinetic energy b. potential and Kinetic energy c. Potential energy d.Mechanical energy9. Jet propulsion illustrates

a. first law of motion b.second law of motion c. third law of motionld. Nuclear tension

10. Metals are elements that can be drawn into wires. This property is referred to as:a. Ductility b. Tensile strength c. Malleability d. Nuclear energy

11. Which shows the transformation of electrical energy to mechanical energy?a. A turned on radio b. electric fan turning c. A turned on microwave d. A

turned on air-conditioning12. Which of the alternative sources of energy could result to acid rain?

a. solar b. Biogas c. geothermal d. Nuclearenergy13. Which of the following should be done to accelerate a bigger mass?

a. Apply a bigger force c. Apply a equal force e. Stabilize the forceb. Apply a smaller force d. Balance the mass and force

14. Aquatic forms of life in a stream are dying because of pollution. Which of thefollowing is most likely cause?

a. Gas exhaust from motor vehicles c. Dust particles in the airb. Chemical wastes from motor vehicles d. Dust particles in the stream

15. Reforestation can help preventa. Weathering b. Erosion c. volcanism d. Gradation

16. The decline in catches of fish is attributed to:a. Soil erosion b. Nutrient overload c. toxic chemicals from industrial dumping

d. Sewage17. Marine life in Laguna de Bay has been greatly depleted because of:

a. water pollution c. Indiscriminate catching of fishb. catching fish using dynamite d. Lack of initiatives from local

government unit18. Which environmental problem is link with the use of detergent and fertilizers?

a. Acid rain b. Eutrophication c. Global warning d. Thermal pollution19. Scientific methods adhere to hypothesis. Once he notices the correctness of a

hypothesis what should be pursued?

a. Use imagination b. gather more facts c. Pursue experimentation d. Get scientificideas from past researches

20. Water tanks are used in most houses. Why has the use of water pumpsendangered many lives?

a. Water is less expensive with water boostersb. Leakage in water pipes allow contamination of waterc. Water pressure assures good water supplyd. Water pumps draw contaminated water from pipe leakage

21. War experts use energy in its discovery of nuclear bombs. When energy isreleased from a nuclear fission, what occurs?

a. energy is release after fission c. the energy possessed is used for bombing

nationsb. decrease in mass nuclear bombs d. atoms are split into fragments

22. Farmers are enthusiastic in the campaign for Gintong Ani for mangoes. Whichpractice is harmful to the environment?

a. Using organic fertilizer every six months c. Using a sexual propagation of mangoes

b. Spraying the tress with herbicides and pesticides d. Encouraging insects to dopollination23. Not all organisms are harmful. Which of these are done by yeast?




a. Cause Yakult to be milky c. Encourage disease foodb. Promotes the rising of bread for baking d. Cause milk to become cheese

24. Nata de Coco making is very lucrative. However, important of this home madeproduct has declined because:

a. Too much chemical was used by manufacturers c. The production will negativelyaffects our environment

b. The process of manufacturing was crude d. Microorganism were found in the

product25. The cheapest source of energy is found in the Philippines. These are identifiedin the:a. Geothermal plant in Tiwi c. Geothermal Plant in Mindanaob. Geothermal Plant in Leyte d. Nuclear Plant in Bataan

26. Where are flash floods in Metro Manila blamed to?a. Clogging of rivers with waste c. Urbanization practiceb. volcanic eruption d. Encouraging insects to do pollination

27. What has caused the soil fertility in many rice fields?a. organic fertilizers are effective c. farmers overflowed their landb. chemical fertilizers made our soil acidic d. pesticides are effective

28. Experiments and techniques in food production are usually found in someschools. The most expensive ones are in:a. Philippine Normal University c. University of the Philippines in LosBanosb. Mariano Marcos University d. University of the Philippines Diliman

29. Ruth wants to open tightly closed bottle of Bagoong. What should she do?a. Loosen the cap by knocking the edge of the bottle c. Heat the jar’s coverb. Use a rough material d. Insert a sharp knife at edge of thebottle

30. To save fuel it is advisable to keep your pot tightly closed while cooking. Thisprevent:

a. Escape of chemical compounds which tenderize the food c. Escape of nutrientsb. Escape of vapor which uses the boiling pointd. Escape of steam thus built uppressure

PART III. ENHANCING TEST TAKING SKILLS1. The opening and closing of a regular door is an example of:

a. Pull of gravity b. Force c. Friction d. Attraction of magnet

2. What is the direction of force when you are sitting on a chair?a. rightward and leftward b. downward and upward c. Downward only d.

Upward only

3. The following types of energy has the sun as its main source except:a. nuclear energy b. energy from coal c. tidal energy d.

Wind4. Which phrase best describe conservation?

a. avoiding use or exploitation of a natural resourcesb. planned management of a natural resource to prevent its exploitation,pollution, destruction or neglectc. planned management of a natural resource for its full used. careful protection and preservation of natural resource

5. The pollutants that can cause uncontrolled growth of green plants in lakes are:a. Gasoline b. Acid rain c. Pesticides d. Phosphates

6. Which is not an environmental importance of coral reefs?a. They serve as feeding grounds of numerous sea organisms c. They can beused as decorb. They serve as home of numerous sea organism d. Theyprevent coastal erosion

7. When there is a typhoon, it is best to:a. See a movie b. Call up friends c. Stay at home d. Shop for canned

goods




8. Mel does aerobic exercises every morning. What type of energy conversion isshown in this activity?

a. Chemical to mechanical energy c. Electrical to heat energyb. Mechanical to heat energy d. Chemical to heat energy

9. When organism die and decay, chemical elements are made available to:a. Omnivorous b. Decomposers c. producers d.Consumers

10. Why does a lime water turn milky after breathing into it?a. Because of the presence of carbon dioxide c. Because of the presence of nitrogen

b. Because of the presence of oxygen d. Because of the presence of pollutants11. Fossil fuel is considered as a non-renewable resource. Which of the following is

an example of a fossil fuel?a. Coal b. Hydrogen c. radioactive materials d.

Stream12. What are the products of photosynthesis?

a. Carbon dioxide b. Starch c. oxygen d.

Starch and oxygen13. What is the importance of nutrient cycling?a. It ensures that nutrients get used and reused oftenb. It ensure that nutrients get well distributed in an ecosystemc. It makes the plants healthy d. It provides food

14. A knowledge gained by observation and experimentationa. Technology b. Superstition c. Science d. Scientific study

15. Which of the following substances will boil first?a. Acetone . Alcohol c. Water d. Ether

16. One of the following statements describes why we feel cool after perspiring:a. Water coming out of the body is cold c. Evaporating water in our skin produce a

cooling effectb. Vapor in air condenses in our skin d. Pores in our skin allow cool air to enter

17. The bacteria which do not cause disease are known as:a. Pathogen b. Bacteria c. Virus d. Non-pathogen

18. Which of the following is not a physical change?a. Melting of ice c. Oxidation of a metalb. Dissolving of salt water d. Condensation of air to form water droplets

19. Young people stand straight. Very old ones usually stoop. Why?a. Greater gravitational pull on the old than on the youngb. Sedentary lives of the oldc. Habit of stooping developed in the old

d. Bones of the of have become weak and soft and their joints become loose20. What is the function of DIFFUSION in the human body?

a. Regulates blood flowb. Plays an insignificant role in the body’s functioningc. Allows an even distribution of substances throughout all cells of the bodyd. Comes into play in times of extreme illness

21. What is the MOST likely reason for a desert plant to have a few or no leaves?a. To increase photosynthesis

b. To decrease photosynthesisc. To increase transpiration

d. To decrease transpiration22. What does a stick of unlit dynamite demonstrate?

a. Chemical energyb. Nuclear energyc. Kinetic energyd. Potential energy

23. Which law of force and motion explains this occurrence, when a rocket is propelledupward by the powerful downward discharge of exhaust gases?




A. Universal GravitationB. Action and ReactionC. Applied ForceD. Inertia

23. Why does a pendulum in a grandfather’s clock once set in motion continue toswing thereby regulating

the clock’s movement? This is due to the law of a. Universal Gravitationb.. Action and Reactionc. Applied Force

d. Inertia

24.Why does a bullet when discharged into the air eventually fall to the ground? Thisis due to the Law of _______________.

a.Universal Gravitationb.Applied Forcec.Inertia

d.Action and Reaction25. The Philippine Air Force took off to scatter salt to the existing clouds. This was anattempt to

a. Encourage earthquake occurrenceb. Produce rain over dry fields

c. Drive the clouds further to the sead. Avoid water evaporation

PART III. ENHANCING TEST TAKING SKILLS1. What is the direction of force when you are sitting on a chair?

a. Rightward and leftward b. Downward and upward c. Downward onlyd.Upward only

2. The following types of energy has the sun as its main source except:a. nuclear energy b. Energy from coal c. tidal energy d. Wind

3. Which phrase best-described conservation?a. Avoiding use or exploitation of a natural resourceb. Planned management of a natural resource to prevent exploitation, pollution,destruction or neglect

c. Planned management of a natural resource to for its full used. Careful protection and preservation of a natural resource

4. The pollutants that can cause uncontrolled growth of green plants in lakes are:a. Gasoline b. Acid rain c. pesticides d. Phosphates

5. Which is not an environmental importance of coral reefs?a. They serve as feeding grounds of numerous sea organisms c. They can beused as decorb. They serve as home of numerous sea organism d. Theyprevent coastal erosion

7. When there is a typhoon, it is best to:a. See a movie b. call up friends c. Stay at home d. Shop for canned goods

7. Mel does aerobic exercise every morning. What type of energy conversion is shownin this activity?

a. Chemical to mechanical energy c. Electrical to heat energyb. Mechanical to heat energy d. Chemical to heat energy

8. When organisms die and decay, chemical elements are made available to:a. Omnivorous b. Decomposers c. Producers d. Consumers

9. Why does lime water turn milky after breathing into it?a. Because of the presence of carbon dioxide c. Because of thepresence of nitrogen




b. Because of the presence of oxygen d. Because of thepresence of pollutants

10. Fossil fuel is considered as a non-renewable resource. Which of the following isan example of a fossil fuel?a. Coal b. Hydrogen c. Radioactive materials d.

stream11. What are the products of photosynthesis?

a. Carbon dioxide b. Starch c. oxygen d. Starch andOxygen12. What is the importance of nutrient cycling?

a. It ensures that nutrients get used and reused oftenb. It ensure that nutrients get well distributed in an ecosystemc. It makes the plants healthyd. It provides food

13. A knowledge gained by observation and experimentation:a. Technology b. Superstition c. Science d. Scientific study

14. One of the following statements describes why we feel cool after perspiring:a. Water coming out of the body is cold

b. Vapor in air condenses in our skinc. Evaporating water in our skin produce a cooling effectsd. Pores in our skin produced a cooling effect

15. The bacteria which do not cause diseases are known as:a. Pathogen b. Bacteria c. Virus d. Non-

pathogen16. Which of the following is not a physical change?

a. Melting of ice c. Oxidation of a metalb. Dissolving of salt water d. Condensation of air to form

17. Young people stand straight. Very old ones usually stoop. Why?a. Greater gravitational pull on the old than on the young

b. Sedentary lives of the oldc. Habit of stooping developed in the oldd. Bones of the of have become weak and soft and their joints become loose

18. A couple has the funds and can avail themselves of any needed scientificexpertise. How can their offspring have all the desirable qualities they like?a. Cloning b. Pray c. Test tube baby d.

Contraception19. A group of mountaineers lost their way to their camp. How can they find their

way back?a. Use of Thermometer b. Use of compass c. Use of Sphygmomanometer

d. Use of Scanner

20. Where can we trace El Nino phenomenon?a. Man has consumed too much water c. Thinning of the ozone layerb. Seasons do not change annually d. Typhoons are normalregulator of weather

21. The possible interconnected feeding relationships among organisms in anecosystem are termed:a. Food Pyramid b. Food web c. Food chain d. Food

vacude22. A good method to prevent soil from being eroded from a hill is to:

a. Plant the hill with grass or tree c. Plow the hill regularlyb. Plant only in alternate layers d. Irrigate the area

23. The following described chemical change, Except:a. Some examples of chemical change are souring milk, ripening of fruit anddigestion of foodb. For a chemical change to take place, heat, light or electricity is eitherneeded or given off c. A chemical change takes place when a solid is changed ti liquids is changedto gasd. A chemical change, a new substance is formed, with chemical properties thatare different from the original substance




24. When oil from ship leak out, which of the following will be observed?a. oil will settle at the bottom c. oil will stay on top of the waterb. oil will change into water d. oil and sea water will mix

25. You have no weather instrument with you, but you would like to study thedirection and speed of the wind. What should you do?

a. Observe the amount of rain collectedb. Observe the condition of the atmosphere

26. The yearly occurrence of red tide casualties are traced to a seaweed with poisonbecause of:a. Heavy rain and dry season b. Oil spill from ships c. Careless disposal of waste d.

Organic fertilizer27. Mayon Volcano was very active lately so the earthquake is of:

a. Hurricane b. Tectonic c. Tidal wave d. Volcanic28. An increase in the number of motor vehicles in the cities will mean rise in the

carbon dioxide content of the air. Which of the following would be the effect of risein carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?a. Cooling of the atmosphere c. Darkening of air in the citiesb. Increase in solar radiation d. Warming of the atmosphere

29. What should be the next thing to do after defining a problem?a. Gather relevant date b. formulate a hypothesis c. Test the hypothesis d.Make a conclusion

30. Where do we trace El Nino Phenomenon?a. Typhoons are normal regulators of weather c. The season do changeannuallyb. Man has consumed too much water d. The thinning of ozonelayer has much to do

31. Which situation shows that work is done?a. Pushing the wall b. lifting a load c. Watching television d. Sweeping

the floor

32. Alcohol thermometer works on the principle that:a. Volume usually increase with temperatureb. Temperature usually increases with pressure

33. Loss of water for human consumption is aggravated by:a. Selected logging b. total log ban c. irrigation dams d. Denuded water

sheds34. To save fuel, it is advisable to keep the pot tightly closed while cooking. This

prevents the escape of:a. chemical compounds which tenderize the food c. vapor which risesthe boiling pointb. steam that build up pressure d. nutrients needed by the

body35. A diet of animal fat usually come up with patients found ill of:

a. Kidney malfunction b. diabetes c. Hypertension d.Sclerosis

36. How does green plant transform sunlight into chemical energy?a. Green plants can undergo photosynthesis c. Green leaves trap theenergy from the sunb. Other green plants can performed chemosynthesis d. Non-green leaveshave no chlorophyll

37. Children in upland areas are prone to goiter. What do they need for their diet?a. multivitamins b. Iodine c. protein d. Insulin

38. A large body of air that has about the same temperature and humiditythroughout is:a. air mass b. Cloud c. hurricane d. Tornado

39. Scouting is always defined with camping. How may scouters find their way to thecamp?a. Use a barometer b. use of thermometer c. Use of a compass d.

Anemometer40. The point or a line on the earth’s surface directly above the center of the origin

of the earthquake:




a. Epicenter b. Focus c. Fault d. Volcano41. Promotion of more harvest has been identified through regular irrigation.

Irrigation in some provinces are made through:a. Re-channeling of river outlet c. Desalination of seawaterb. Impounding water between sources and hills d. Converting water sourceto river dams

42. The process by which the atmosphere traps the sun’s radiation:

a. Green house effect b. global warming c. Thermal inversion d.Convection43. How can the presence of a person afflicted by positive HIV and/or AIDS be andle?

a. Discourage the establishment of recreation centers like cabarets and discosb. Avoid and discourage patronage of places frequented by these personsc. Conducting home forum to discuss the identification of AIDS casesd. Discreetly reporting the case to health authorities

44. To preserve the fertility of the soil, farmer should employ the following except:a. Continuous farming b. Strip cropping c. contour farming d.

Terracing45. A type of erosion in which deep channels formed as water flows to the ground:

a. Sheet wash b. Gullying c. Mass wasting d. Avalanche46. An instrument used to measure detect and measure movements of the earth’scrust:a. Tsunami b. Seismograph c. Telescope d.

Richter’s scale

NATURAL SCIENCE

PART I1. The pollutants that can cause uncontrolled growth of green plants to take place

are:

a. gasoline b. Pesticides c. acid rain d. Phosphates2. Which of the following causes skin problem in the newborn baby?

a. Harmful drugs b. Mutation c. Improper nutrition d.pigmentation

3. Many pesticides of commercial importance can be totally controlled by:a. using biological control c. completely banning the sale of pesticidesb. increasing the cost of pesticides d. encouraging the use of predators

4. What is the importance of controlling pollution?a. The risk to animal life can be totally eradicated

b. The government will provide more tax write off c. We can avoid future damage to biological resourcesd. the immediate toxicity to people in the local areas can be avoided

5. Why do we usually soak meat in pineapple juice before cooking it?a. In preserves the natural tastes of meat c. It removes the badodorb. It improves the taste of meat d. It makes meat tender

6. Cold virus is usually picked froma. Cold air c. Frequent changes in weatherb. Dirty surroundings d. Direct contact withpeople infected with colds

7. Which is not an environmental importance of coral reefs?a. They serve as feeding grounds of numerous sea organisms c. They can beused as aquarium decorb. They serve as biomes of numerous organisms d. Theyprevent coastal erosion

8. The following statements described physical change, Except:a. In a physical change, a substance can be changed can be changed back to its

original size, shape and appearance




b. In a physical change, a new substance is formed, for example, burning of wood

9. Which energy change takes place in a flashlight with batteries?a. Electrical light chemical c. light electrical chemicalb. Chemical electrical light d. Chemical electrical light

10. A book is on the edge of a table. When you let it fall on the floor, what happensto its energy?

a. its potential energy is changed to kinetic energy c. its potential energy isnot changed at allb. its kinetic energy is changed to potential energy d. it loses some energy

11. What are the products of photosynthesis?a. Carbon dioxide and starch b. oxygen c. Starch d. Starch and oxygen

12. Which phrase best describes the role of the respiratory system?a. To deliver oxygen to the tissuesb. To get rid of carbon dioxide from the tissuesc. To deliver oxygen to the tissues and get rid of carbon dioxide from the tissuesd. To supply the blood with oxygen so that the blood can deliver oxygen to thetissues

13. What is importance of nutrient cycling?a. It ensures that nutrients get used and reused often b. It ensures that nutrients get well distributed in an ecosystemc. It makes plants healthyd. It provides food for the decomposer organisms

14. If you want greater magnification for your specimen, what should you do withyour microscope?a. Use HPO b. adjust the diaphragm c. Move the fine adjustment d.

Tilt the arm15. The following types of energy has the sun as its main source______

a. nuclear energy b. energy from coal c. wind energy d. Tidal

energy16. Which statement is false?

a. Constellations have religious or mythological namesb. Constellations are imagined groupings of starsc. Constellations help astronomers locate certain starsd. Constellations help us mark the season

17. Which phrase best describes conservationa. Avoiding use or exploitation of natural resourcesb. Planned management of a natural resources to prevent its exploitationpollution, destruction or neglectc. Planned management of a natural resource to prevent its future use

d. Careful preservation and protection of a natural resource so that we canboost Eco-tourism

18. During an earthquake , you shoulda. rush out of a building c. hold to a postb. go under a desk or table d. Take an elevator instead or the

stairs19. When there is a typhoon, it is best to:

a. see a movie b. call up friends c. stay indoors d. Shop for cannedgoods

20. Which of the alternative source of energy could result in acid raina. solar energy b. hydroelectric energy c. geothermal energy d. Shop for

canned goods21. Oil from a ship leaked out while it is sailing in the se. Which of the following will

be observed?a. The oil will become water c. The oil will go on the top of thewaterb. the oil and seawater will mix well d. The oil will go to the sea

22. Metals are elements that can be drawn into wires. The property is referred toas:a. Ductility b. Tensile strength c. Malleability d. Surface tension




23. Sound is produced because:a. objects bump into each other b. objects explode c. objects expand

d. Objects vibrate24. Where does absorption of food nutrients take place in the digestive system?

a. Small intestine b. stomach c. large intestine d.Esophagus

25. Which is not a mixture?

a. gold b. Soil c. air d. Fruit salad26. Which shows the transformation of electrical energy to mechanical energy?a. A turned-on electric stove b. A turned-on radio c. Electric fan turning

d. A lighted bulb27. If all pigment colors are combined, you see:

a. Black b. White c. secondary d. Primary colors28. Keep toxic and flammable substance, like denatured alcohol, insect spray and

muriatic acida. on a low, open shelf b. beside the stove c. in the all purpose cabinet d.

On a high shelf with a door 29. Simple goiter is caused by a deficiency in the secretionof which hormone?

a. Pituitrineb.Thyroxine*c. Adrenalined. Estrogen

30. During wars, what is most dreaded by nations?E. biological war *F. anthraxG. atomic bombH. hydrogen bomb

Part II.

1. Ipil-ipil seeds make good animal feed because of their:a. Vitamin C b. Protein c. Alkaline d. Carbohydrates

2. When carbohydrates and vaccines were discovered, the result was:a. More business-minded individuals engaged in speculationb. People became well-nourishc. The community became more sanitaryd. The conquest of disease such as cholera, pneumonia, smallpox, andpoliomyelitis

3. Which of the following are found in chromosomes which determine hereditarycharacteristics?a. hybrid b. Sperms c. genes d. Ova

4. To prevent pests and disease among animals it is best to:a. keep their surroundings clean from time to time c. give them goodfoodb. immunize then d. select a good breed

5. The scientific method is based on:a. Inductive reasoning b. deductive reasoning c. Scramble facts d.

Random data6. To protect a product from imitation, one should register it with the:

a. Immigration Office b. Bureau of Post c. Patent Office d. Healthdepartment

7. How many seconds are there in one day?

a. 360 b. 480 c. 86, 000 d. 72,0008. What do you call the pores on the surface of a leaf:

a. Stomata b. Calyx c. cotyledon d.Epidermis

9. What are the three states of matter?a. Solid, gas and water b. soil, moisture and food c. Solid, gas and liquid d.

Color, taste and weight10. What do you call this plant? It has a thick fleshy stem to withstand the heat of

the sun and usually has no leaves:




a. Maguey b. Cactus c. fern d. orchid11. It is the process by which milk is partially sterilized by keeping it fir some time in

high temperature:a. Sterilization b. Pasteurization c. stabilization d.

Naturalization12. The decaying flesh of deal animals is called:

a. Decompost b. Carrion c. molting d. scion13.

It is an electrical device that can stop the flow of electric current when a shortcircuit occurs:a. Switch b. Wire c. electric meter d. Fuse

14. The temperature or the Centrigade scale which corresponds to 40° Fahrenheitis:a. 0°C b. 22.2°C c. -72°C d.

4.4°C15. A marathon is a running event which is measured:

a. in kilometers b. in the number of sprints c. by the number of competitors d.By the size of the audience

16. Heat can be described as:

a. momentum b. Power c. energy d. Fluid17. People all over the world are now wary of the disastrous effects of radiation caused

by the accident at:a. Bataan b. Chernobyle c. Moscow

d. India18. The basic unit of living matter is the:

a. Cell b. Atom c. nucleus d. Molecule19. Heat transference takes place when a room:

a. has wall-to-wall carnets b. has many occupants c. has open windows d. Hasclosed windows and doors

20. The first person to win a noble prize in two fields- physics and chemistry was:

a. Louis Pasteur b. Albert Einstein c. Marie Curie d.Wilhelm roentgen

21. That planets are kept in their orbits by the gravitational attraction of the sunwas proven by:a. Newton b. Copernicus c. Da Vinci d. Galileo

22. Many underdeveloped countries are not able to utilize the technology offered byadvanced countries because of:

a. Lack of entrepreneurship b. cultural differences c. lack of socialawareness

23. When an object heavier than air is thrown up, it always geo down. This is aprinciple of the:

a. Law of compensation b. Law of diminishing c. Law of gravity d. Lawsupply and demand

24. Intercropping is the practice of:a. Growing two or more crops in alternative rows on the same piece of landb. Growing two or more crops during different seasonsc. Growing crops only in summer d. growing crops only during rainyseason

25. Most homes are protected from accidents due to excessive electric current bythe protective device called:a. junction box b. Fuse c. switch d. Bulb

26. How many days will it take planet mercury to make a complete revolution

around the sun?a. 120 days b. 90 days c. 88 days d. 110 days

27. It is the unit of measurement that is used to indicate the strength of earthquakes:a. Gravity b. Speed c. velocity d.

Intensity28. One of the following invented the barometer. Identify him

a. Leonardo da Vinci b. Basco de Gama c. Miguel Zaldivard. Evangelista Torricelli




29. The dynamite was invented by _________________.a. James Watt b. Alfred Nobel c. Mark Twain d. Aurora

Borealis30. Gabriel Daniel Farenheit discovered the _________ which could measure

temperature.a. Sphygmomanometer b. Thermometer c. Tape measure d.

Microscope

31. The earth moves through its orbit at the rate of one revolution per ____.a. Month b. Day c. year d. week32. The earth must be about _____________ years old:

a. 4 ½ billion b. 4 thousand c. 10 million d. 6 1/3 billion e. 10billion

33. The largest island in the world, found northeast of North America is:a. Scotland b. England c. Greenland d. Alaska d. Great Britain

34. The Scientific name for “ Rubbing” especially of one object against another is _____.a. Drying b. Friction c. Fizz d. Gravitation e. Fault

35. The largest fresh water lake in the world is the ____________.

a. Taal Lake b. Lake Lanao c. Lake Erie d. Lakesuperiore. Mississippi River

43. Which of the following contraceptive methods is most widely approved?a. douche b. Rhythm c. diaphragm d. Cervical cap

44. ________ is the destructive breakdown of meals into their oxidesa. Evaporation b. Extrusion c. Cyclone d. Erosion e. Corosion

44. The blanket of air that surrounds the earth is the __________.a. Atmosphere b. Aurora c. Aquifer d. Bathysphere e.Aphelion

45. Which of the following processes is better associated with the technology than

with Science?

i. Constructing concepts and lawsii. Discovering forms of matteriii. Designing a workable systemiv. Observing natural phenomena

I. Identify the following:1. The act of inducing clouds to produce rain2. A natural optical phenomenon produced by dispersion, reflection and refraction of

the sun’s rays as they hit droplets of rain in the atmosphere3. The most distant among the planets in the solar system4. The science dealing with the study of weather5. A large system of stars and celestial bodies in the universe6. The chemical combination of oxygen with other elements7. The island universe to which our sun belongs8. A whirling wind that destroy everything along its path9. The young of an oyster10. The curved path of an object hurting through space11. Calcium carbonate formation suspended from the roofs of caves12. A bowl –shape cavity at the mouth of a volcano

13. A change of state from liquid to vapor14. Protection from loss , waste or destruction15. The greatest folded mountain system in Europe16. The science of the stars and other heavenly bodies17. An overshadowing or cutting off of light18. The path taken by a body in space during its periodic revolution around another

body19. The highest point water rises in a wave20. Certificate issued by DENR to establish a factory




III.1. Smoke rises because of:

a. Radiation b. Convection c. conduction d. Refraction2. When a solid is heated, molecules collide hard against each other and are knocked

apart. The material then:a. expands b. Contracts c. liquefies d. Condenses

3. Iron cannot kept from rusting by:a. Keeping it dry b. painting it c. Cooling it d.Putting acid on its pieces

4. Why is smoke produced in burning?a. Carbon is burned completely c. Minerals burn completelyb. carbon is not burned completely d. Minerals are not burnedcompletely

5. Why are handling of cooking utensils usually made of wood? Because wood is:a. cheap b. Light c. a nonconductor d. A

conductor6. How do we know that air pressure is present?

a. Gravitation pull more air at the bottomb. Presence of air can be measure by barometerc. The deeper the air, the greater the air pressure at the bottomd. All of the above

7. Which of the following devices is not operated by air pressure?a. Medicine droppers b. perfume atomizers c. Drinking straw d. Tires of

vehicles8. Why can you not breathe freely if you stand in water that reaches your shoulder?

a. Water pressure is greater than air pressure inside your bodyb. Water pressure is equal to the pressure inside your bodyc. Water pressure is less than air pressure inside your body

d. Water pressure inside and outside your body are body9. You weigh 50 kg. This represents:

a. The amount of material in your body c. The amount of spaceyour body occupies b. The amount of pull that gravity exerts on you d. The amount of materials in a unit of space

10. Which of the following statements is true?a. Heating expands and cooling contrasts rocks; hence, they crack and breakb. Heating contrast and cooling expands rock; hence, they and breakc. Both heating and cooling do not crack and break rocksd. two of the above

11. All of the following processes destroy the land surface and cause floodsexcept:a. illegal logging b. coral exportation c. mining d.

Kaingin system12. Why does drying preserve food?

a. no water needed for growth of bacteria c. hardenscells of organismsb. sunlight kills germs d. all of these

13. Which will not occur as you keep rising in the atmosphere? Choose the correct

combination:1. Air pressure would continually decrease2. Air pressure would continually increase3. Your weight will decrease4. Your mass will decreasea. 1&3 b. 2 & 3 c. 2 & 4 d. 2 & 3

14. Hydrogen gas is used in:a. Saving victims of drawing, suffocation, heart attack, electric shock b. Solidifying oils, as margarine, pomade




c. Water and sewage treatmentd. Welding and cutting iron and steel

15. Which of the following gases helps in making things burn?a. Hydrogen b. Chlorine c. oxygen d. Nitrogen

18. On separate spots on your palm, you drop equal amounts of ______which makesyour palm coolest?

a. Coconut oil b. Alcohol c. tap water d. Gasoline16. Which arrangement shows the correct order of the decreasing rate of evaporation of the following liquids?

a. Gasoline-coconut oil-water-alcohol c. Coconut oil-gasoline-water-alcoholb. Coconut oil-water-alcohol-gasoline d. Coconut oil-water-gasoline- alcohol

17. How does the addition of sodium benzoate preserve canned foods?a. acts as a reactant b. inhibits or delays food decay c. malleable d. Not

corrosive18. The fact that an object partly submerged in water appears to be bent at the

surface is due to:a. Dispersion b. Polarization c. refraction d. Reflection19. A WATT is a unit of:

a. energy b. Force c. distance d. Work20. Air is classified as a (n):

a. element b. Compound c. mixture d. Solution21. What name is given to magnetic poles?

a. Anode and cathode b. north and south c. plus and minus d. Eastand west

22. All of the following are physical changes except:a. burning gasoline b. evaporation of water c. mixing salt and pepper d.

Freezing water23. Where does the huge amount of energy released during nuclear fission come

from?a. Chemical reaction c. Disappearance of an equivalent amount of massb. Combustion of subdivided atomsd. Neutrons that proceed in all directions

24. The cheapest form of energy that can be developed and used without pollutingthe environment and consuming fossil fuels is:a. nuclear energy b. geothermal energy c. solar energy d.

Water energy25. Why do you fall down your toes get stubbed on an obstacle while running fast?

a. Acceleration b. inertia motion c. inertia at rest d.Deceleration

General Science Let 08

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Transcript of General Science Let 08