Partial Molar Quantities and the Chemical Potential Lecture 6.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6...
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Transcript of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6...
![Page 1: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1
Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities
6.5Molar Mass
![Page 2: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 2
The molar mass is the mass of one mole
of a substance the atomic mass of an
element expressed in grams
Molar Mass
![Page 3: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 3
Give the molar mass to the nearest 0.1 g.
A. K = ________
B. Sn = ________
Learning Check
![Page 4: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4
Give the molar mass to the nearest 0.1 g.
A. K = 39.1 g
B. Sn = 118.7 g
Solution
![Page 5: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 5
Molar Mass of CaCl2
For a compound, the molar mass is the sum of the molar masses of the elements in the formula. We calculate the molar mass of CaCl2 to the nearest 0.1 g as follows.
Element Number of Moles
Atomic Mass Total Mass
Ca 1 40.1 g/mole 40.1 g
Cl 2 35.5 g/mole 71.0 g
CaCl2 1 111.1 g
![Page 6: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 6
Molar Mass of K3PO4
Determine the molar mass of K3PO4 to 0.1 g.
Element Number of Moles
Atomic Mass Total Mass in K3PO4
K 3 39.1 g/mole 117.3 g
P 1 31.0 g/mole 31.0 g
O 4 16.0 g/mole 64.0 g
K3PO4 1 212.3 g
![Page 7: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 7
One-Mole Quantities
32.1 g 55.9 g 58.5 g 294.2 g 342.3 g
![Page 8: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Guide to Calculating Molar Mass
8
![Page 9: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 9
Calculate the molar mass for Al(OH)3 to the nearest 0.1g.
1) 44.0 g/mole
2) 75.0 g/mole
3) 78.0 g/mole
Learning Check
![Page 10: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 10
STEP 1 Obtain the molar mass of each element. Al 27.0 g/mole O 16.0 g/mole
H 1.0 g/moleSTEP 2 Multiply each by the subscript in the formula.
1 mole Al x 27.0 g Al = 27.0 g 1 mole Al
3 moles O x 16.0 g O = 48.0 g 1 mole O
3 moles H x 1.0 g H = 3.0 g 1 mole H STEP 3 Total: 1 mole of Al(OH)3 = 78.0 g (3)
Solution
![Page 11: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 11
Prozac, C17H18F3NO, is an antidepressant that inhibits the uptake of serotonin by the brain. What is the molar mass of Prozac?
1) 40.0 g/mole
2) 262 g/mole
3) 309 g/mole
Learning Check
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 12
3) 309 g/mole
STEP 1 Obtain the molar mass of each element. C 12.0 g/mole H 1.0 g/mole
F 19.0 g/mole N 14.0 g/mole O 16.0 g/mole
STEP 2 Multiply each by the subscript in the formula. 17 moles C x 12.0 g C = 204 g
1 mole C 18 moles H x 1.0 g H = 18 g
1 mole H
Solution
![Page 13: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 13
STEP 2 (continued) 3 moles F x 19.0 g F = 57.0 g
1 mole F 1 mole N x 14.0 g N = 14.0 g
1 mole N
1 mole O x 16.0 g O = 16.0 g 1 mole O
STEP 3 Total: 1 mole of C17H18F3NO = 309 g
Solution (continued)
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 14
Methane (CH4), known as natural gas, is used in gas stoves and gas heaters.
1 mole of CH4 = 16.0 g of CH4
The molar mass of methane can be written as conversion factors.
16.0 g CH4 and 1 mole CH4
1 mole CH4 16.0 g CH4
Conversion Factors from Molar Mass
![Page 15: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 15
Acetic acid, C2H4O2, gives the sour taste to vinegar.
Write an equality and two molar mass conversion factors for acetic acid.
Learning Check
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 16
Acetic acid, C2H4O2, gives the sour taste to vinegar.
Write an equality and two molar mass conversion factors for acetic acid.
Equality:
1 mole of acetic acid = 60.0 g of acetic acid
Molar mass conversion factors:
1 mole acetic acid and 60.0 g acetic acid
60.0 g acetic acid 1 mole acetic acid
Solution
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 17
Guide to Calculations Using Molar Mass
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 18
Aluminum is often used for the structure of lightweight bicycle frames. How many grams of Al are in 3.00 moles of Al?
3.00 moles Al x 27.0 g Al = 81.0 g of Al1 mole Al
mole factor for Al
Calculating Grams from Moles
![Page 19: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 19
The artificial sweetener aspartame (NutraSweet), C14H18N2O5 , is used to sweeten diet foods, coffee, and soft drinks. How many moles of aspartame are present in 225 g of aspartame?
Learning Check
![Page 20: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 20
STEP 1 Given: 225 g of aspartame, C14H18N2O5
STEP 2 Plan: g of aspartame moles of aspartame
STEP 3 Determine molar mass of aspartame:
14(12.0) + 18(1.0) + 2(14.0) + 5(16.0)
= 294 g/mole
STEP 4 Set up problem to calculate the moles of aspartame:
225 g aspartame x 1 mole aspartame
294 g aspartame mole factor (inverted)
= 0.765 mole of aspartame
Solution
![Page 21: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 6.5 Molar Mass.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/551aa0ad550346761a8b5f9e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Converting Between Mass, Moles, and Particles
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