GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’...

33
GENERAL NUTRITION Rebecca Schaferko-er DeHamer Registered Die66an Candidate & MS Candidate in Nutri6onal Science SDPD Academy Course August 20, 2012

Transcript of GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’...

Page 1: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

GENERAL NUTRITION    Rebecca  Schaferko-er  DeHamer        Registered  Die66an  Candidate  &          MS  Candidate  in  Nutri6onal  Science        SDPD  Academy  Course        August  20,  2012          

     

Page 2: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

1. Diges6ve  Tract  2. Hormonal  Control  3. The  Calorie  4. Nutrients  5. Non-­‐Nutrients  6. Scenarios    

 

     

AGENDA  

Page 3: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

1.  Diges-ve  Tract  2. Hormonal  Control  3. The  Calorie  4. Nutrients  5. Non-­‐Nutrients  6. Scenarios    

 

     

Page 4: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

GI  TRACT  Beginning  to  End  of  Diges.on  &  Helpers    A.  Upper  GI  Tract  •  Mouth,  Esophagus,  Stomach  

B.  Lower  GI  Tract  •  Small  Intes4ne,  Large  Intes4ne,  Rectum  

C.  Accessory  Organs  •  Liver,  Gallbladder,  Pancreas  

Page 5: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

1. Diges6ve  Tract  2.  Hormonal  Control  3. The  Calorie  4. Nutrients  5. Non-­‐Nutrients  6. Scenarios    

 

     

Page 6: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

(AN)  &  OREXIGENIC  SUBSTANCES  Decreases  Appe.te  •  Serotonin  •  Pep6de  YY  •  Insulin  •  Lep6n  •  Cocaine-­‐amphetamines    Increases  Appe.te  •  Ghrelin  •  Norpep6de  Y    

Page 7: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated
Page 8: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

1. Diges6ve  Tract  2. Hormonal  Control  3.  The  Calorie  4. Nutrients  5. Non-­‐Nutrients  6. Scenarios    

 

     

Page 9: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

THE  CALORIE  The  energy  it  takes  to  raise  the  temperature  of  1g  of  water  by  10  Celsius.    •  4.18  Joules  •  Energy  Needed  to  Survive  

   Fuel  All  Mechanisms  in  the  Body  •  Energy  Needed  to  Maintain  a  Healthy  Metabolism  

   “Stoking  the  Fire”  •  Lacking  Needed  Energy  =  Slowing  Metabolism  

   Protec6ng  Fat  Stores      Use  Lean  Tissue  =  Loss  of  Muscle  

•  Recommended  >  1,100  kcal/d    

Page 10: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

1. Diges6ve  Tract  2. Hormonal  Control  3. The  Calorie  4.  Nutrients  5. Non-­‐Nutrients  6. Scenarios    

 

     

Page 11: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

CARBOHYDRATES  Carbon  +  Hydrogen  +  Oxygen  =  CHO  =  4kcals/g  A.  Monosaccharaides:  1.  Glucose  (GLU)  

               2.  Fructose  (FRUC)                  3.  Galactose  (GALAC)  

 B.  Disaccharides:      1.  Sucrose  =  FRUC  +  GLU  

               2.  Lactose  =  GALAC  +  GLU                  3.  Maltose  =  GLU  +  GLU  

 C.  Polysaccharides:    1.  Starch    

               2.  Glycogen                  3.  Cellulose  

Page 12: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

CARBOHYDRATES  Polysaccharides    

     A.  Starch:  chain  of  GLU        1.  Amylose:  straight  chain          2.  Amylopec6n:  branched  chain        B.  Glycogen:  storage  branched  chain  of  GLU        C.  Cellulose:  straight  chain  of  GLU        1.  Soluble  “Fiber”        2.  Insoluble  “Fiber”  

 

Page 13: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

CARBOHYDRATES  Fiber:  Try  for  3-­‐5g/serving  •  Daily  Recommended  Intake  (DRI):  Women  =  25g  

                     Men  =  38g  •  Sources:  Most  foods  are  a  mixture  of  both.  

   Soluble      Insoluble  (fermentable)  

 •  Nutri-onal  Implica-ons  

ê  Cholesterol ê  Cardiovascular  Disease  ê  Colon  Cancer   é Weight  Loss      

Page 14: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

24-­‐HOUR  RECALL    WHERE  DID  MOST  OF  YOUR  CHO  COME  FROM  YESTERDAY?  WERE  THEY  HIGH  FIBER?        •  AT  BREAKFAST?  •  AT  SNACK?  •  AT  LUNCH?  •  AT  SNACK?  •  AT  DINNER?  •  AT  SNACK?  

Page 15: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

LIPIDS  Solid  and  Liquid  forms  of  Fat,  Insulate  Nerves,  Build  Hormones,  Fat  Soluble  Vitamins  =  9kcal/g    A.  Saturated  Fats:  Animal  sources,  Palm  &  Coconut        B.  Unsaturated  Fats:  

1.  Monounsaturated  (MUFA):  Olive,  Avocado,  Canola,  and  Nut  Oils  

2.  Polyunsaturated  (PUFA):  Fish,  Flaxseed,    Corn,  Safflower,  Sunflower,    and  Soy  Oils  

 C.  Trans  Fats:  Making  an  Unsaturated  into  a  Saturated      

Page 16: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

LIPIDS  Polyunsaturated  Fa_y  Acids  (PUFA)s    A.  Omega  3  Acids:  EPA,  DHA  •  Vasodila4on,  Inhibits  Blood  CloLng,  An4-­‐inflammatory  •    Recommended:  1.1-­‐1.6g/d    •    Sources:  Fa-y  Fish,  Flaxseed    B.  Omega  6  Acids:  Arachidonic,  α-­‐Linolenic,  Linoleic    •  Vasoconstric4on,  Promotes  Blood  CloLng,  Pro-­‐inflammatory  •    Recommended:  12-­‐17g/d  •    Sources:  Found  in  most  packaged  foods.      

Page 17: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

LIPIDS  Nutri.onal  Implica.ons:    A.  Saturated  Fats  

éTotal  Cholesterol  (TC)  éLow-­‐density  Lipoproteins  (LDL)  

 B.  Unsaturated  Fats  (MUFA’s  &  PUFA’s)  

 êTC,  êLDL    C.  Trans  Fats  

éTC,  éLDL,  êHigh-­‐density  Lipoproteins  (HDL)      

   

Page 18: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

24-­‐HOUR  RECALL    WHERE  DID  MOST  OF  YOUR  LIPIDS  COME  FROM  YESTERDAY?  WERE  THEY  SATURATED,  OR  UNSATURATED?      •  AT  BREAKFAST?  •  AT  SNACK?  •  AT  LUNCH?  •  AT  SNACK?  •  AT  DINNER?  •  AT  SNACK?  

Page 19: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

PROTEINS  Enzymes,  Hormones,  Structure,  Transporters,  etc.  (Amino  Acids)  =  4kcal/g  A.  Non-­‐essen-al  Amino  Acids    B.  Essen-al  Amino  Acids    1.  Grains  &  Legumes  (rice,  wheat,  quinoa,  beans,  &  peas)  2.  Animal  Sources  (dairy,  meat,  eggs,  &  fish)    •  1/10kcal  =  2.5%kcal  in  grams  (2000kcal  =  50g)  •  Proteins  for  Energy  =  GLU,  FA,  Ketones    •  High  Protein  =    Hard  on  Liver  

           Creates  Fluid  Imbalance                              Calcium  excreted  (16mg/g  PRO)  

       

Page 20: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

VITAMINS  Organic,  Require  minute  amounts,  Essen4al,  Generally  not  synthesized,  and  Deficiencies  cause  symptoms  A.   Fat-­‐Soluble:    

 A,D,E,&  K  B.   Water-­‐Soluble:  

 B1  (Thiamin),  B2  (Riboflavin),  B3  (Niacin),      B5  (Pantothenic  Acid),  B6  (Pyridoxine),      B12  (Cobalamin),  Bio6n,  Folic  Acid,  Choline  

 •  Self  Synthesizing:  D,  K,  Bio6n,  Niacin  •  Upper  Limits  &  Toxicity:  C,  B3,  B6,  Folic  Acid,  

Choline  

Page 21: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

MINERALS  Inorganic  element,  Require  minute  amounts,  Essen4al,  and  Deficiencies  cause  symptoms  A.   Macrominerals:  ≥  100mg/d  

   Calcium,  Phosphorus,  Magnesium,  Sodium,                    Potassium,  Chloride  

B.  Microminerals  (trace  minerals):  <  100mg/d      Iron,  Zinc,  Copper,  Iodine,  Selenium,                        Molybdenum,  Manganese,  Fluoride  

C.  Ultra  trace  minerals:  Nickel,  Silicon,  Arsenic,  etc.    •  Toxici-es  

Page 22: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

WATER  Recommended  6-­‐8  8oz  glasses/d  •  Facts:  Moisten  Tissues,  Protects  Organs,  Dissolve  

Molecules,  Regulates  Body  Temperature,  Lubricates  Joints,  Moistens  Kidney  to  flush  waste,  Carry  Nutrients  and  Oxygen  to  Cells  

•  Overhydra-on:  Endurance  sports  (>1hr)  

•  Sa-sfying  Needs:  Urine,  BM  

•  Mee-ng  Needs:  a.m.  &  p.m.,  Prepare,  Fountains,  Adding  to  your  Water,  In  Food  

Page 23: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

1. Diges6ve  Tract  2. Hormonal  Control  3. The  Calorie  4. Nutrients  5.  Non-­‐Nutrients  6. Scenarios    

 

     

Page 24: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

ALCOHOL  Not  a  Nutrient  (void  of  nutri4onal  need),  Similar  Structure  to  CHO,  Similar  Metabolism  to  FAT    •  Facts:  

   1g  =  7kcal      Absorbed  1st  in  the  Stomach      Water  Soluble  =  Easily  enters  the  blood  stream  

•  Toxicity:      Cirrhosis  of  Liver  (irreversible,éblood  pressure)      Fa-y  Liver      Impaired  Metabolism  from  Damaged  Liver      Vitamin  &  Mineral  Deficiencies  

 

Page 25: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

PHYTOCHEMICALS  Not  a  Nutrient,  Plant  Chemicals  with  Protec4ve  or  Disease  Preven4ve  Proper4es    A.   Carotenoids:  alpha-­‐carotene,  beta-­‐carotene,  

lycopene  •  Apricots,  Carrots,  Tomatoes,  Spinach,  Broccoli  

B.   Flavonoids:  flavonols,  favones    •  Berries,  Citrus,  Onions,  Apples,  Green  Tea,  Red  Wine  

C.   Phytoestrogens:  isoflavones  •  Tofu,  Soy,  Flax,  Rye  

D.   Capsaicin    •  Hot  Peppers    

Page 26: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

1. Diges6ve  Tract  2. Hormonal  Control  3. The  Calorie  4. Nutrients  5. Non-­‐Nutrients  6.  Scenarios    

 

     

Page 27: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated
Page 28: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

SHOPPING  Plan,  Plan,  Plan…  Conscious  Decisions  1.   Where?  2.   When?  3.   How  Do  You  Plan?  4.   How  Do  You  Navigate?  5.   What  Do  You  Look  For?  •  Enriched:  Out  &  Back  •  For6fied:  Added  •  Imita6on:  Chemistry  •  Organic:  US?  •  Whole  Grain/Wheat:  3-­‐5g  Fiber/serving  •  Low  Fat  &  Non  Fat:  High  What?    

Page 29: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

EATING  OUT  Por4on  Consciousness,  Look  at  ‘Healthy  Op4ons’  First  1.   Breakfast  •  Fruits  &  Vegetables  •  Wheat  Toast  Dry  •  Egg  Whites    

2.   Lunch  •  Hold  the  Mayo  •  Choose  Sides  Wisely  (nego6ate)  

3.   Dinner  •  Grilled  &  Baked  •  Choose  Sides  Wisely  (nego6ate)  

4.   Snacks  •  CHO  &  PRO  (yogurt  &  banana,  fruit  &  co-age  cheese,  bagel/

pretzel/apple  &  pb,  cereal  &  milk,  PRO  powder  smoothie)  ,  Fiber  

Page 30: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

PACKING  FOOD  Your  Normal  Rou4ne  for  Food  Away  From  Home  1.   Car  •  Breakfast:  Smoothie,  Muffin/Scone  •  Lunch  &  Dinner:  Sandwich's,  Wraps,  Burritos,  

Let  Overs  •  Snacks:  Fruits  &  Vegetables,  Nuts,  Cookies  

 2.   Office  •  Breakfast:  Same  +  Oatmeal  •  Lunch  &  Dinner:  Same  •  Snacks:  Same  +  Peanut  Bu-er,  Co-age  Cheese,  

Yogurt,  Let  Over  Lunch/Dinner  

Page 31: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

DIETING  A.   Backlash  •  Loss  of  Control,  Self  Trust  •  Loss  of  Deserving  ‘Yummy’  Foods  •  Last  Supper  •  Famine  Metabolism  

B.   Paradox  •  Punishment,  Guilt,  Parole  =  Cycle  •  Rice  Cakes  è  Haagen  Daz  

C.   Biology  •  DIE6ng  =  Starva6on  •  Body  Creates  Cravings,  DIEt  Inten6ons  Lost  =  

Blame  Willpower  (really  Biology)  

Page 32: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

1. Diges6ve  Tract  2. Hormonal  Control  3. The  Calorie  4. Nutrients  5. Non-­‐Nutrients  6. Scenarios    

 

     

REVIEW  

Page 33: GENERAL NUTRITION - Weebly · 2020. 2. 17. · 2. Polyunsaturated!(PUFA):!Fish,Flaxseed,Corn,’ Safflower,Sunflower,’’andSoyOils! C.&Trans&Fats:&Making!an!Unsaturated!into!aSaturated

1. Healthy  Nutri6on  as  a  WHOLE  2. Balance,  Modera6on,  &  LOVE  for  food  3. Honor  your  HEALTH  4. Be  Crea6ve  &  Experimental  5. Plan,  Plan,  Plan,…..Consciously  6. Baby  Steps  

 

     

MAIN  POINTS