CAMOUFLAGE,

CONCEALMENT

AND

DECEPTION (CCD)

SCOPE

BASIC ESSENTIALS OF CAM

OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS

SIGNATURE MANAGEMENT

BASIC ESSENTIALS OF

CAM

•GREEKS CONQUERED TROY - USE OF TROJAN HORSE.

•GENGHIS KHAN – USE OF TWIGS & LEAVES ON THE CAPS,

MOVING UNDER NATURAL COVER.

•GEROGE WASHINGTON – LEAVING CAMP FIRES BURNING

INFLICTED SHARP DEFEAT ON THE BRITISH FORCES AT

PRINCETON.

•WW-I – FRENCH HAD HIDDEN DETECTION OF VEHS & GUNS.

•VIETNAM WAR – US UNABLE TO LOCATE ENEMY INSPITE OF

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY.

•OWN NUCLEAR TEST ‘SHAKTI’ COULD NOT BE DETECTED

BEFORE DETONATION

CAM & DECEPTION : HISTORY

BASIC MEANING

• CAMOUFLAGE IS PREVENTION OF OBSERVATION OF

PERS OR EQPT BY THE ENEMY BY MAKING THEM

APPEAR TO BE PART OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT .

• CONCEALMENT AN OBJECT NEEDS TO BE CONCEALED

WHEN NOT FEASIBLE TO BE MERGED WITH THE

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT.

• DECEPTION CREATES FALSE SIGNATURES OF REAL

TARGETS TO DIVERT ENEMIES ATTENTION

CAM IN SHORT

C : CONCEALMENT OF INSTLNS.

A : ABILITY TO DISGUISE & ACT LIKE

NATIVES.

M : MAX UTILIZATION OF NATURAL MTRL.

O : ORG SHOULD BE SCATTERED.

U : USE YOUR ALL SENSES.

F : FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE OF CAM,

CONCEALMENT & DECEPTION (CCD).

L : LEAST EXPOSURE OF SELF AND EQPT.

A : AVOIDANCE OF MOV.

G : GEOGRAPHICAL INFO.

E : EVALUATION OF SELF & ENEMY

ASSESSMENT.

CAMOUFLAGE

REVEALING SIGNS

Certain telltale indicators that help to iden an object.

These signs are called the revealing signs.

REVEALING SIGNS

GENERAL1. POSITION2. SHAPE3. SHADOW4. SHINE5. TEXTURE6. COLOUR CONTRAST7. MOVEMENT8. NOISE9. SIZE10. SILHOUETTE

TECHNICAL1. UV REFLECTANCE2. RADIO WAVE EMISSION.3. IR REFLECTANCE.4. THERMAL EMISSIVITY.5. RADAR REFLECTANCE.6. SONAR REFLECTANCE.7. LASER REFLECTANCE.8. NUCLEAR RADIATIONS.

CAMOUFLAGE: ESSENTIAL REQMTS

1. COORDINATION OF CAM & DECEPTION PLAN

AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL.

2. CREDIBILITY - CAM & DECEPTION PLAN

MUST BE CREDIBLE TO BE BELIEVED BY THE

ENEMY AS TRUE.

3. CONTINUITY – SHOULD BE PLANNED DURING

SITING & CONSTRUCTION STAGES.

4. MUST BE DIFFERENT – INGENUITY & GUILE IS

TO BE EXERCISED BY THE CAMOUFLEUR.

1. THREAT PERCEPTION. IDENTIFICATION OF ENEMY’S

DETECTION CAPABILITIES (SURVEILLANCE, RECCE

AND WEAPON SYSTEMS).

2. SIGNATURE SUPPRESSION. COUNTERMEASURES TO

DENY OR DELAY DETECTION BY ENEMY’S SVL, RECCE

AND SMART WEAPON SYSTEMS.

3. DECEPTION. CREATES FALSE SIGNATURES OF REAL

TARGETS TO DIVERT ENEMY’S ATTACK.

KEY COMPONENTS OF CAM

DECEPTION“All warfare are based on camouflage & deception. • Hence when able to attack, we must

seem unable; • when using our forces, we must

seem inactive;• when we are near, we must seem

far away and when we are away, we must make the enemy believe we are near.

• If his forces are united, separate them”.

INTERFERING WITH ENEMY’S PROCESS OF OBTAINING INFO

INTERPRETATION

ANALYSING

DEVICE

USE OF

INFO

RECCE

EQPT

OBJECT

DISTURBANCE

DECEPTION

RXN

CONCEALMENT

TXN

OPTO-ELECTRONIC SENSORS

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

DIFFERENT PARTS OF EM SPECTRUM WORK DIFFERENTLY :• UV, VIS & NIR SPECTRA REFLECT RADIATION FROM

SUN, MOON, STARS OR ARTIFICIAL LIGHT SOURCES• TIR EMITS BODY’S OWN HEAT RADIATION

SENSOR SYSTEMS

(750 - 2500 nano meter)

(0.38 - 0.76 micro meter)

(0.1- 0.38 micro meter)

(1 mm – 100 meter)

(3 – 5 and 8 -12 micro meter)

PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS

PENETRATION AND RESOLUTION OF DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS

Wavelength

Penetration in Penetration in Resolution at 2000 m

Haze Fog Smoke/dust Rain

Visual Low Low None Quite good

0.2 m

NIR Quite low

Low None Quite good

0.3 m

Far IR Quite good

Quite low

Good Quite good

1 m

MM Radar Good Good Good Good 10 m

Signature Management

Definition Means limiting the ability of the

adversary’s sensor to detect you by controlling the EM energy that is emitted or reflected by you.

Give the object a signature that blends with the signature of the background.

The aim is to limit the options for the sensor to separate the object from the background.

Implies signature management will have to be done after determining which sensors are likely to be employed by the adversary.

thank You…