GENERAL AGREEMENT ON · Table 1.1 llajor features of the European C.-.nities' econ•y Population...

GENERAL AGREEMENT ON RESTRICTED

C/RM/S/36B 19 April 1993

TARIFFS AND TRADE Limited Distribution

COUNCIL

TRADE POLICY REVIEW MECHANISM

EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

Report by the Secretariat

In pursuance of the CONTRACTING PARTIES' Decision of 12 April 1989 concerni.ng the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (L/6490), the Secretariat submits herewith Volume B (Tables and Appendices) of its report on the European Communities. Volume A (Text) is presented in document C/RM/S/36A.

The report is drawn up by the Secretariat on its own responsibility. It is based on the information available to the Secretariat and that provided by the European Communities. As required by the Decision, in preparing its report the Secretariat has sought clarification from the European Communities on its trade policies and practices.

Document C/RM/G/36 contains the report submitted by the European Communities.

NOTE TO DELEGATIONS

Until further notice, this document is subject to a press embargo.

93-0562

CONTENTS

I. THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

1.1 I.2

Major features of European Communities' economy Economic performance of EC member States, 1988-1992

II. TRADE POLICY REGIME: FRAMEWORK AND OBJECTIVES

II.l EC preferential trade schemes, December 1992

III. TRADE RELATED DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MONETARY AND FINANCIAL SPHERE

III.l Member States' performance with respect to the criteria for EMU membership, 1992

IV. TRADE POLICIES AND PRACTICES BY MEASURE

IV.l Article XIX actions by the European Communities and member States, 1991-92

C/RM/S/36B Page (i)

1 2

3

4

5 IV.2 Voluntary restraints, import surveillance, export monitoring

and similar measures, 1991-92 IV.3 Anti-dumping actions by the EC, January 1985 to June 1992 IV.4 Anti-dumping review cases in the EC, 1990 - June 1992 IV.5 EC procurement directives, mid-1992 IV.6 EC directives based on the New Approach to Technical

Harmonization and Standards, mid-1992 IV.7 Standards making bodies in the EC, mid-1992 IV.8 State aid to manufacturing and to agriculture in the

European Communities by member State, 1981-90 IV.9 State aid in EC member States by sector and function,

average 1988-90 IV.lO Research and development initiatives involving the EC, 1992

6 9

10 11

12 13

14

15 16

C/RM/S/36B Page (ii)

V. TRADE POLICIES BY SECTOR

V.l Agricultural support in the European Communities in main product areas) 1979-86 (EClO) and 1987-91 (EC12)

V.2 Production (1991) and EC expenditure (1980-~2~ by farm sector

V. 3 Main agricultural policy instruments in the El).ropean Communities, mid-1992

V.4 Excise taxes of FC members on certain tropical procil..lcts, V.S New registrations of passenger cars and light comme:cial

vehicles (up to 5 tonnes) by origin, 1991 V. 6 Support for current coal production h"· meroh~-:- .~t ;=~r-t-· ~ ':::n

1991

VI .1 Case~ under GATT Articles XXII and XY.JIT iT~'"'~·'· in;! t:h~ l'C,

1991-92 VI.2 Consultations end di!;:·u ~::, oe:et:tl·_r;o,::o;·c ,;·rder 1

1 T·~~kJ::.; Roun• 1

Agreements involvin~ ~he F~ 199~-j~

APPEND7X TABLES

17

18

19 21

22 2 ~

! ·.t

AI.1 AI.2

Balance on current account byE~ member ~tates. 1981-92 2S Leading partner~. in Enropean Commun: tie~. ( 1/ ~

AI.3

AI.4 AI.S AI.6

AIII.l

AIV.l AIV.2 AIV.3

AIV.4

merchandise t~ade, 1986-91 27 Leading products in European Communities' (12) external trade, 1986-91 Regional .i:!.stribution :1f trade by memt~r Sta·~cs, 1?91 Regional distribution of trade by member States, 1986 EC trade with five central and eastern European countries, 1990-91 Overview of EC member States' reservations to the OECD

28 29 30

31

Code of Liberalization of Capital Movements, March 1992 32 Tariff protection by sector, 1998 39 Main trade regulations (EEC), rnid-1992 42 Duration of EC anti-dumping investigations, July 1986 to June 1991 43 EC-internal notifications of draft technical regulations on the basis of Council Directive No. 83/189, 1 January 1990 to 30 June 1992 44

AV.l Community expenditure on agriculture by member State,

C/RK/S/368 Page (iii)

1986 and 1991 45 AV.2 European Communities (EClO) imports of ten major

agricultural products (mainly food), 1979, 1988 and 1990 46

AV.3 Arrangements governing EC imports of certain cereal substitutes, mid-1992 47

AV.4 Bilateral fisheries agreements, mid-1991 48 AV.5 Employment, production and trade by sector, 1989/90/91 49

( i) European Communi ties 50 (ii) Belgium and Luxembourg 51 (iii) Denmark 52 (iv) France 53 (v) Germany 54 (vi) Greece 55 (vii) Ireland 56 (viii) Italy 57 (ix) Netherlands 58 (x) Portugal 59 (xi) Spain 60 (xii) United Kingdom 61

AV.6 Restrictions by individual member States on extra-EC imports of motor vehicles, 1992 62

AV.7 Price peaks in EC car markets, 1988-91 64 AV.8 Characteristics of car assembly plants in

North America, Japan and Europe, 1989 65

Table 1.1 llajor features of the European C.-.nities' econ•y

Population in 1991a Growih of population 1982-91 Area

GOP, 1986 GOP, 1991 GOP per capita, 1986 GOP per capita, 1991

Share in GOP, 1990 Agriculture Industry Services

Civilian Labour Force, 1991 Percentage share in civilian employment, 1990

Agriculture Industry Services

Unemployment rates 1986 September 1992b

Merchandise exports, Third countries Intra EC

Merchandise imports, Third countries Intra EC

Merchandise exports Third countries Intra EC

Merchandise imports Third countries Intra EC

Commercial services: Commercial services:

f. 0. b. • 1991

c.i.f., 1991

to GOP ratio, 1991

to GOP ratio, 1991

credits, 1990~ debits, 1990

a b c d

Excluding eastern Germany. Seasonaly adjusted. DECO countries. Total of member States. Not available.

Absolute figures

329. 6 mi 11 ion 0.3 per cent

2,253 thsd. sq. kms.

3,547 bil Hon ECU 5, 043 b i 11 ion ECU

11,018 ECU 15,378 ECU

2.9 per cent 34.4 per cent 62.7 per cent

145.8 million

2 per cent 32 per cent 66 per cent

10.7 per cent 9.6 per cent

426.0 billion ECU -677.8 billion ECU

497.4 bi 1 H on ECU 675.8 billion ECU

11 per cent 18 per cent

13 per cent 18 per cent

271 billion ECU 253 billion ECU

C/RM/S/36B Page 1

Index (World•lOO)

7

2

23 . ·c 82c 91

15 24

17 24

46 42

Source: EC Commission services; Eurostat, National Accounts ESA, Aggregates, 1970-90; Eurostat {1991), Civilian Labour Force, Data for short economic analysis; Eurostat (1992), Eurostatistics, Theme 1, Series 8, No. 12; UNSO, Comtrade database; GATT, International Trade, Volume II, 1990-91 {Geneva); and statistics used for Table 1.2.

"'C"l

T

able

1.2

"'

' E

c:on

c.ic

per

fo~W

~~~C

e o

f EC

...

tie

r S

tate

s. 1

981-

92

OQ ~

(I)

........

~til

Inte

rest

rat

esa

Tra

de p

erfo

nman

ceb

........

.. P

opul

atio

n GO

P pe

r U

nem

ploy

men

t ~

0\

capi

ta

Exp

orts

If

l1)o

rts

D:t

(tho

usan

ds)

(ECU

) (p

er c

ent)

(p

er c

ent)

(A

nnua

l pe

rcen

tage

cha

nge,

vo

lum

e)

1991

19

91

1989

19

90

1991

19

92

1988

19

91

Dec

.199

2c

1990

19

91

1992

19

90

1991

19

92

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

-II

II

I IV

v

Bel

gium

10

,005

15

,936

8.

6 10

.1

9.2

8.7

10.2

7.

5 8.

6 3.

1 4.

0 1.

8 5.

2 3.

7 2.

6 D

enna

rk

5,15

4 20

,439

9.

9 10

.7

9.2

8.9

6.4

8.9

10.2

5.

9 7.

2 4.

3 2.

9 4.

8 2.

2 Fr

ance

d

57,0

50

17,0

09

9.2

10.4

9.

5 9.

0 9.

9 9.

5 10

.2e

5.6

4.4

6.2

6.1

3.1

1.8

Gen

man

y 64

,083

19

,880

7.

0 8.

8 8.

6 7.

3 6.

3 4.

2 4.

9 1.

4 -2

.3

0.7

9.9

9.3

1.3

Gre

ece

10,1

70

5,55

5 ..

.. ..

. . 7.

6 7.

7 . .

..

.. . .

Irel

and

3,52

0 9,

973

8.9

10.1

9.

2 9.

1 17

.3

16.2

18

.3

7.7

6.8

12.4

7.

1 0.

6 3.

4 It

aly

57

,801

16

,044

12

.0

12.2

11

.6

12.4

10

.8

10.0

9.

8 2.

6 1.

1 4.

8 4.

1 3.

1 6.

7 L

uxem

ourg

38

6 19

,551

7.

7 8.

6 8.

2 7.

9 2.

0 1.

6 2.

1 N

ethe

rlan

ds

15,0

65

15,6

12

7.2

9.0

8.9

8.2

9.3

7.0

7.0e

4.

9 4.

2 3.

5 5.

1 3.

9 1.

5 Po

rtug

al

9,81

5 5,

653

14.8

15

.2

14.3

11

.7

5.7

4.1

4.9

Spai

n 39

,025

10

,926

13

.7

14.7

9.

5 12

.2

19.3

16

.3

19.4

12

.1

10.5

7.

0 9.

0 10

.9

9.8

Un i

ted

K i n

gdan

57

,561

14

,186

9.

6 11

.1

9.9

9.1

8.5

9.1

11.6

6.

7 1.

4 2.

5 1.

3 -2

.8

3.7

Tot

al

EC12

32

9,64

9 15

,378

9.

8 8.

8 9.

6 4.

0 1.

8 3.

3 6.

2 4.

5 3.

3

Mem

oran

d1.11

1: U

nite

d S

tate

s 25

2,68

8 17

,725

8.

6 8.

7 8.

2 7.

5 5.

5 6.

7 7.

3g

7.2

6.5

4.5

2.2

0.7

9.9

Japa

n 12

3,92

0 21

,905

5.

1 7.

4 6.

5 5.

3 2.

3 2.

1 2.

2 5.

6 2.

5 1.

6 6.

0 2.

8 0.

7

a Y

ield

on

fixe

d in

tere

st g

over

nmen

t se

curi

ties

. b

Mer

chan

dise

tra

de (

intr

a EC

and

ext

erna

l);

data

for

Bel

gium

inc

lude

Lux

embo

urg.

c

Sea

sona

lly

adju

sted

. d

Fede

ral

Rep

ublic

of

Ger

man

y p

rio

r to

Gen

man

uni

fica

tion

. e

Nov

embe

r 19

92.

g O

ctob

er 1

992.

Sour

ce:

EC C

omm

issio

n se

rvic

es (

1,11

);

Eur

osta

t, E

uro

stat

isti

cs,

Them

e 1,

Ser

ies

B,

Febr

uary

199

3 (I

II,I

V);

DE

CO,

Econ

omic

Out

look

, D

ecem

ber

1992

(V

).

Table 11.1

C/RM/S/36B Page 3

EC preferential trade sc~s. Deceaber 1992

------------------------------------ -----------------------Type of Agreement/Participants

------------Free Trade~~ent~

EFTA countries (1973/74) Austria, Finland, Iceland, Norway Sweden, Switzerland and Liechenstein

Israel (1975)

ASS££lation Agreements

Turkey (1963), Malta (1970), Cyprus (1972)

Czech and Slovak Federa1 Republic, Hungary, Poland (Interim Agreements since March 1992)

Co£E!ration Agreements

Mediterranean countries (1975/76) Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia

Lome Convention (1990) 69 developing countries (Sub-Saharan Africa, Caribbean and Pacific)

Gen~~tstem of Preference~

About 130 independent developing countries and 20 dependent territories

Main elements

Reciprocal free trade in industrial products; agriculture largely exempted. a Regional cumulation of origin status (EC and all EFTA countries).

Reciprocal free trade in industrial prBducts since early 1985. Bilateral cumulation of or1gin status.

Free access to EC markets for 1ndustrial products; customs union envisaged (Turkey: 1995; Cyprus· 1998;bMalta: 1995). Bilateral cumulat1on of or1g1n status.

Creat1on of a free trade area over 10 years; limited coverage in agriculture (differences between the individual agreements). Cumulat1on of or1g1n status among the three countries and between them and the Commun1ty.

Free access for industr1al products, raw materials and traditional agricultural exports (by 1995) to the EC; no reciprocal obligations. Full cumulat1on of origin status between the EC and Morocco, Algeria and Tunis1a (treated as one area). Bilateral cumulation with each of the other countr1es.

Free access for ACP exports of 1ndustr1al products and of agricultural products not covered by a common market organization under the CAP. More favourable than m.f.n. treatment for other agricultural products. Guaranteed exports of cane sugar (1.3 million tonnes per year) for s1gnator1es to the Sugar Protocol (18 ACP countries); guarantees of continued favourable access under the Protocol on Bananas. Full cumulation of origin status among the EC and the whole of the ACP countries. More flexibility in the application of rules of origin than in other agreements.

Autonomous preferences on a temporary basis (annual prolongation). Duty-free treatment for a wide range of manufactured and semi -manufactured products, subject to quantitative -cei 1 ings or a safeguard provision. Preferences for MFA textiles are contingent on the conclusion of bilateral agreements under the MFA or similar commitments vis-a-vis the EC (except for least developed countries). Limited preferences in the agricultural area. Cumulation of origin status among members of certain regional economic groupin_gs (Andean, ASEAN, CACM).

Note: The EC preferential rules of or1g1n centre on the criteria of sufftcient transformation, measured as a change of tariff heading. Product-specific qualifications are specified in Annexes to the agreements or, for the GSP, in a seperate Commission Regulation (see first TPRM report).

a

b

Inputs from the EC and all EFTA countries are treated, when they satisfy the relevant rules of origin. as if they had been domestically obtained in the country that finally exports to the EC. EC inputs are treated as if they had originated in the beneficiary country.

GATT Secretariat.

C/RM/S/36B Page 4

Table 111.1 Meaber States' perfonaance with respect to the criteria for EMU ~bership, 1992a

Country

Inflation rats (%)

Net government

borrowing (% of GOP)

I I

Gross government

debt (% of GOP)

I I I

Participation in narrow

band

IV

Long-term intere~t

rate (%)

v ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------Belgium 2.4* -6.7 132.2 Denmarkd 2. 1 * -2.3* 74.0 Germany 4.8 (4.0) -3.2 (-3.4) 43.3* Greece 16.0 -13.4 106.7 Spain 6.0 -4.6 47.4* France 2.6* -2.8* 50.1 * Ireland 2.9* -2.5* 99.0 Italy 5.3 -10.5* 106.8 Luxembourg 3.4* -0.4 6.8* Netherlands 3. 1 * -3.5 79.8

.Portugal 9.1 -5.6 66.2 United Kingdom 5.1 -6.1 45.9*

--------------------------------------------------EC average 4.6 -5.3 62.8

a An asterisk indicates that the reference values are met. b Private consumption deflator. c Yield on fixed interest Government securities, December 1992 d Figures for West Germany in parenthesis.

Not available or not applicable.

* * * 0 0 * * 0 * * 0 0

7.9* 8.9* 7.3*

13.0 8.1 * 9.5*

13.6 8.1 * 7.3*

11.5 8.8*

Source: EC Commission, Annual Economic Report 1993 (columns I to III) and Eurostat, Eurostatistics, Theme 1, Series B, February 1993 (V).

Table 1¥.1 Article XIX actions by the

Product

European Communities

(a) Dried grapes

(b) Morello cherries

(c) Provisionally preserved raspberries .

(d) Processed cherries

(e) Certain semi-processed red fruits

(f) Provisionally preserved cultivated mushrooms

(g) Atlantic salmon

Spain

(h) Certain steel products

{ i) Hard coal and hard coal products

a Replaced by (d).

Source: GATT Secretariat.

European c~unities

Measure

Minimum import price





Import quota


Quotas

Individual licensing

and ~er States.

Introduction

October 1982

June 1985

January 1986

July 1989

January 1991

January 1991

November 1991

March 1967

September 1958

C/RM/S/36B Page

1991-92

Expiry

July 89a

September 1991

September 1991

Apri 1 1991

May 1992

December 1991

5

Reference

l/5399 & Add. 1-42

l/5841 & Add. 1-3

L/5967

L/6560 & Add. 1-5

l/6820 & Add. I

L/6821 & Add.l

L/6977

L/6179 & Add. 1-6

L/855, L/920

C/RM/S/36B Page 6

Table IV .2 Voluntary restraints. i•port surveillance. export .anitoring and si•ilar .easures. 1991-92

8

Exporter/importer

(A} ~ri cultur~

All suppliers/EC

Korea, Rep. of/EC (Italy}

(B) Footwear

Korea, Rep. of, Taiwan/EC

China/EC

Product

Sheep meat and goat meat

Frozen squid

Footwear (excluding slippers}

Slippers and indoor footwear

Measures

Voluntary restraint/ duty-free access

Reference prices

Prior Community surveillance /export restraint

Prior Community surveillance

All third country imports of footwear are under retrospective Community surveillance.

(C) Textiles (outside ~f~l

Bulgaria/EC

Egypt/EC

Malta/EC

Morocco/EC

Tunisia/EC

Turkey/EC

Japan/EC

Japan/United Kingdom

Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Honduras, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Nicaragua/EC

Estonia, Latvia Lithuania/EC

(D) Steel and Steel Products

Korea, Rep. of/EC

All sources except EFTA/EC

MFA Textiles and Clothing

Cotton fabrics, cotton yarn

Certain textiles and clothing categories




Cotton fabrics

Clothing


MFA Textiles and Clothing

Steel, ferro-alloys, steel semi-manufactures

All ECSC iron and steel products

MFA-type export restraints (1987-92}

Export monitoring and c moderation arrangement

Export monitoring and moderation arrangementc

Export monitoring and c moderation arrangement

Export monitoring and moderation arrangementc

Arrangements withe Turkish exporters

d e EKport approval ' d e Export approva 1 '

Exchange of letters in the GSP framework

Community surveillance

Export recommendatione,f

Retrospective Community surveillance

(cont'd)

Table IY.2 (cont'd)

C/RM/S/36B Page 7

-----------------------------------------Exporter/importer

All sources except EFTA/EC

(E) ~achinerl

Japan/EC

Japan/EC

Japan/EC

Japan/EC

Japan/EC

Japan/EC

(F) Electrical and_~lect!.onic

Japan/EC

Japan/EC

Japan/EC

Korea, Rep. of/EC

Korea, Rep. of/EC

Korea, Rep. of/EC

Singapore/United Kingdom

(G) Road Motor Vehicles

Japan/EC

Japan/EC

Product Measures

---------------------------Certain primary and semimanufactured iron and steel products

Forklift trucks

Machine tools for planing, gear cutting, etc.

Machining centres

Personal computers

Electropneumatic dri 11 s

Ball bearings

Household Equipment

Colour TV sets

, Colour TV tubes

Video tape recorders

Video tape recorders

Radio and TV receivers

Microwave ovens

Colour TV sets

Passenger cars and light commercial vehicles

Motorcycles

Prior Community surveillance

RetrospectivB Community surveillanc9 'export constraints '

RetrospectivB Community surveillance

Retrospective Gommunity surveillance '

RetrospectivB ijommunity surveillance '

RetrospectivB Community surveillance

E~port approval (no d e quantitative limits) '




Retrospective Community surveillance I e f export recommendation '

RetrospectivB Community surveillance I e f export recommendation '


Export restraintse,h

Retrospective Community surveillance/export monitoring

Retrospective Community surveillance (machinss of more than 380 cc)

(cont'd)

·c/RM/S/36B Page 8

Table IY.Z (cont•d) ____________________________________ , ___ _ Exporter/importer

(H) Other Products

Japan/World

Japan/United Kingdom

Korea, Rep. of/EC

Korea, Rep. of/Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, United Kingdom

Product

Metal flatware

Pottery and Chinaware

Spectacles and frames

Travel goods (trunks, handbags)

Measures

Export restraintsd,e

Export restraintsd,e



a As noted in Section IV.2(iv)(c), the following list comprises all trade measures known to the Secretariat, other than tariffs, levies, quotas, MFA restrictions, anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures, affecting exports to or imports by the EC. The Community has stated that measures of prior or retrospective surveillance have no restrictive effects on imports.

Where measures are ascribed only to exporting countries (e.g. export approval), the Secretariat has no information of further measures being maintained by the European Communities or individual member States.

b Terminated on 31 December 1992.

c Arrangement in the context of the association or cooperation agreements with the Mediterranean countries. The Community does not consider it as a restraint arrangement (see GATT (1991), IfE_:_I~r£E~~~-£omm~!l~~-lY£~_lll, p. 60 ff).

d See GATT (1993), IfE_:_~~E~~· p. 119 f.

e The Commission has denied the existence of any Community or national measures on these products and noted, should actions be in place, that these are taken by the exporting countries on their own initiative.

f See Republic of Korea, I~£!!-~~-l~E£r!_Notic!_l~2l and GATT (1992), TPR- Republic £!_~£~· p. 116 ff.

g In the context of a bilateral dispute with Japan, the United States imposed retaliatory tariffs on certain Japanese exports (1987). The EC has enacted surveillance measures in parallel.

h See GATT (1992), IfE_:_~i~2~E£r~. p. 103f.


C/RM/S/36B Page 9

Table 1¥.3 Anti-du.ptng actions by the EC, (Number of cases)

January 1985 to June 1992

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Jan-June

Complaints 62 46 75 57 38

Initiations 36 24 39 40 27 43 20 13

Measures taken 12 29 16 18 15 27 22 11 thereof: definitive duties 8 4 8 18 10 18 19 10

price undertakings 4 25 8 0 5 9 3 1

Findtngs of no dumping 2 4 4 0 0 0 1 1

Findings of n~ injury 15 7 4 5 5 13 6 5

Measures in fo~cea 191 207 188 152 140 139 142 144

a Figures refer to measures taken after 1 January 1980

Source: EC Commission.

C/RM/S/36B Page 10

Table 1¥.4 Anti-du.ping review cases in the EC. 1990 - June 1992

Reviews opened

- Article 14 (at the exporter's initiative)

- Article 15

Reviews terminated

- Article 14

- Article 15

Results

Article 14 cases:

- Repeal of measurea

- Amendment of measurea (reduction in intensity)

- Replacementb

- Continuation

Article 15 cases:

- Expiry

- New Measure

Reviews in progress (31 December)

- Articles 14 and 15

1990

18 (12)

7

10

10

7

2 ( 2)

4

6

21

a Including definitive duties and price undertakings.

1991

9 ( 9)

5

10

5

6

4 ( 2)

4

22

1992 (January-June)

19 (9)

4

4

2

2

2 (2)

2

b Substitution of price undertaking for definitive duties and vice versa.


Table I¥.5 EC procura.ent directives. aid-1992

Area of application

Supplies

Public works (construction)

Remedies (violations of the supplies and Works Directives)

Supplies and works in the excluded sectors

(water, energy, transportation & telecommunications)

Remedies (violations of excluded sectorsDirective)

Services (services not covered by the Supplies and Work Directives)

Services in the excluded sectors

Directive No.

77/62 80/767 88/295

71/305 89/440

89/665

90/531

92/13

92/50

Adoption

March 1988

July 1989

December 1989

September 1990

February 1992

June 1992

Proposed in November 1991

Implementation

January 1989 (Greece, Spain, Portugal: March 1992)

July 1990 (Greece, Spain, Portugal: March 1992)

December 1991

January 1993 (Spain: January 1996) (Greece, Portuga 1 : Janua~y 1998)

January 1993 (Spain: January 1996) (Greece, Portugal: Jan:.~ary 1998)

July 1993

a Except for contracts covered by the GATT Code on Government Procurement.


C/RM/S/36B Page 11

Threshold value

ECU 200,0001

ECU 5 million

Supplies: ECU 400,00 (Telecom: ECU 600,000)

Works: ECU 5 million

ECU 200,000

ECU 400,000 (Telecom: ECU 600,000)

C/RM/S/36B Page 12

Table IY.& EC directives based on the lew Approach to Technical Har.onization and Standards. •td-1992

Adopted

Simple pressure vessels (No. 87/404 and 90/488) Toy safety (No. 88/378) Construction products (No. 89/106) Electro-magnetic compatibility (No. 89/336) Machinery (No. 89/392 and 91/368)

ROPS- and FOPS- industrial trucks Personal protective equipment (No. 89/868) Non-automatic weighing instruments (No. 90/384) Active implantable medical devices (No. 90/385) Gas appliances (No. 90/396) Telecommunications technical equipment (No. 91/263)

Proposed

Medical devices Recreational craft Lifts Second amendment Machinery (see above) Equipment for use in explosive atmospheres (ATEX)

In preparation

In-vitro Diagnostics Fire behaviour of upholstered furniture and related articles lnteroperability of fast train network Pressure equipment Measuring instruments Amusement park and mobile structure Equipment for children and sports Cable ways User machinery Amendment to Directive No. 90/396 concerning gas equipments Portable fire extinguishers Precious metals

Transition Period

1 July 1992 none open 31 December 1995 31 December 1994 31 December 1995a 31 December 1992 1 January 2003 31 December 1994 31 December 1995 none

30 June 1997 1 July 1995

a Due to be extended to 31 December 1994 by a Directive amending Directive No. 89/686.


C/RM/S/36B Page 13

Table 1¥.7 Standards .. ktng bodies in the EC. •id-1992

Body Status Staff Standardl Total number CEN/CENELEC b per year of standards Secretariats

EC-wide

CEN d 74 224 744 CENELEC d 36 255g 1,052g ETSI d 60 68 167

National bod;es

Belgium IBN/BIN c 35 253 3 t 775 13/1 Denmark OS c 65 250 2,360 9/0 France AFNOR c 542 1,061 16,495 51/13 Germany DIN d 596f 1,400 20,500 72/21 Greece ELOT c 48 99 1,030 0/0 Ireland NSAI e 85 206 1,690 Z/1 Italy UNI c 48 270 6,410 19/5 luxembourg ITM e 2 255 744 0/0 Netherlands NNI d 100 110 5,500 14/0 Portugal IPQ e 130 300 3,500 0/0 Spain AENOR c 95 493 8,786 1/0 United Kingdom BSI c 1,200f 660 9,360 54/8

a Estimated annual average. b Number of Secretariats provided by the national bodies for CEN/CENELEC technical

committees. c Private organization, recognised for public tasks. d Private organization. e Public organization. f Half involved in testing and certification. g Including techn;cal reports.

~: EC Commission.

Tabl

e 1,

.1

Sta

te a

id t

a .

..u

factu

rin

g t

rdas

try

_.

to .

-grt

cult

ure

in

th

e Eu

rape

1111

C:C

.U.i

ties

by

ll!lll

ber

Sta

te.

1981

-!M

fl (P

er c

ent

of s

ecto

ral

gros

s va

lue

adde

d)

8 F

D

GRb

IRL

Aid

to

indu

stry

Tot

al

man

ufac

turi

ng (

1988

-90)

4.

1 2.

1 3.

5 2.

5 14

.6

4.9

6.0

(198

6-88

) 4.

3 1.

9 3.

8 2.

7 24

.3

6.4

6.2

Shi

pbui

ldin

g (1

988-

90)

14.5

33

.4

55.0

25

.1

13.0

84

.8

(198

6-88

) 22

.4

19.6

11

7.8

20.3

17

.0

59.7

Nat

iona

l ai

d to

agr

icul

tura

l pr

oduc

tion

(pr

oduc

ts l

iste

d i

n A

nnex

II

of

the

EEC

Tre

aty)

(198

8-90

) 8.

5 8.

1 9.

0 20

.0c

3.2

4.4

12.9

(198

6-88

) 8.

0 7.

6 9.

3 20

.3c

2.6

6.8

12.9

L NL

p

E

2.6

3.1

5.3

3.6

2.0

2.3

3.1

2.2

6.8

2.6

23.4

78

.6

34.1

10

.8

16.3

10

.1

10.4

24

.0

15.5

6.

4 10

.1

1.3

8.6

16.4

7.

2 10

.8

1.5

8.9

a In

clud

ing

dir

ect

gran

ts.

tax

redu

ctio

ns,

equi

ty p

arti

cipa

tion

s, a

nd t

he a

id e

lem

ents

con

tain

ed i

n so

ft l

oans

, ta

x de

ferr

als

and

Sta

te g

uara

ntee

s.

b E

stim

ates

. c

Incl

udin

g co

mpe

nsat

ory

paym

ents

via

the

val

ue a

dded

tax

sys

tem

(se

e S

ecti

on V

.2(i

)).

Not

ava

ilab

le.

Not

app

1i ca

b 1 e

Sour

ce:

EC C

onm

i ssi

on,

T

hird

Sur

vey

on S

tate

Aid

s in

the

Eur

opea

n CC

IIIII.

Inity

.

EC12

3.5

4.0

33.3

33.8

9.6

10.0

Tab

le I

V.9

S

tate

aid

in

EC

-..I

Je

r S

tate

s b

y s

ecto

r an

d fu

ncti

on.

aver

age

1988

-90

(Per

cen

t an

d b

illi

on

ECU

)

8 OK

F

0

GR

IRL

L

NL

p E

Per

cent

Agr

icul

ture

/Fis

heri

es

6 27

14

11

14

20

15

7

21

20

4 10

Indu

stry

/Ser

vice

s

Hor

izon

tal

obje

ctiv

es

24

18

25

9 58

30

15

7

37

12

12

17

Inno

vati

on

4 IT

6

4 1

2 2

I I7

1

4 3

Tra

de/e

xpor

t 4

3 14

1

16

23

3 0

0 0

0 6

Smal

l &

med

i lJT

l fi

rms

8 0

4 2

7 5

5 4

15

0 2

4 O

ther

s 8

4 1

2 25

0

5 2

5 11

6

4

Par

ticu

lar

sect

ors

64

54

57

62

17

25

43

74

36

65

82

60

Coa

l 28

0

I7

32

0 0

0 0

0 0

19

42

(cur

rent

pro

duct

ion)

(4

} (0

) (7

} (1

7)

(0)

(0)

(0)

(0)

(0)

(0}

(8)

(28}

S

teel

0

0 0

0 0

0 3

0 0

16

12

0 S

hipb

uild

ing

0 10

3

1 2

0 2

0 1

19

4 3

Tra

nspo

rt

35

42

30

26

13

20

36

74

31

11

35

10

Oth

ers

1 2

8 2

1 5

2 0

2 19

12

5

Reg

iona

l ai

d 6

1 4

18

11

25

27

12

6 3

2 13

Tot

al

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

{Bil

lion

ECU

) (3

.8)

(1.1

) (1

6. 0

) (2

5.8)

(1

. 5)

(0.6

) (2

2.7}

(0

.2)

(2.6

) (0

.9)

(6.0

) (8

.2)

Sour

ce:

EC C

omm

issi

on,

Thi

rd S

urve

y on

Sta

te A

ids

in t

he E

urop

ean

Com

mun

ity.

C/RM/S/36B Page 16

Table 1¥.10 Research and develo~nt initiatives involving the EC, 1992

-------------------------------------------Third Community framework programme

Partici£!tion

EC member States

Principal programme criteria

Pre-competitive stages of research, involving at least two mutually independant companies from different member States.

Total budget: ECU 5.7 billion (1990-94)

foc~!_!!~~!_of~!~!eS!_~~b-p!£g!am~esl

(a) ESPRIT (European Strategic Programme for Research and Development in Information Technologies)

The Cu~rent Information Technologies Programme is endowed with ECU 1.4 billion (1990-94). Focus: Micro-electronics, information processing systems and software; advanced business and home systems; peripherals; integrated business systems; computer integrated manufacturing and engineering; basic research.

(b) BRITE/EURAM (Basic Research in Industrial Technology for Europe/Europe Research in Advanced Material)

Advanced materials technologies, design methodology and quality assurance, manufacturing technologies and aeronautics.

(c) RACE (Research and Development in advanced telecommunications technologies for Europe)

R&D in integrated broadband communication (IBC).

(d) BRIDGE (Biotechnology Research for Innovation, Development and Growth in Europe)

Promotion of cross-border research with a view to accelerating the production of biological data, materials and processes.

(e) Controlled thermo-nuclear fusion programme

(f) Environment

EC funds of ECU 414 million (1990-94).

(g) SCIENCE (Stimulation des cooperations internationales et des echanges necessaires, aux chercheurs en Europe)

EUREKA

EC member States, EFTA countries, Turkey, EC Commission

Projects are composed by Governments which also decide about support intensity. In general closer to the market stage than Community initiatives.

(a) JESSI (Joint European Submicron Silicon Initiative)

Development of silicon-based micro-electronics and research on their integration into systems. Targets: 16-mega-bi t DRAM and 4-mega-bit SRAM by 1993; 64-mega-bit DRAM and 16-mega-bit SRAM by 1996. Core participants: Philips, NOKIA, Siemens, Thomson, CISAE (an Italian consortium). The companies are expected to cover 50 per cent, and the national Governments 25 per cent of the cost.

(b) HDTV (High Definition Television project)

Development of standards and of technologies for production, transmission and recording of high-definition images.

(c) PROMETHEUS (Programme for European Traffic with biggest Efficiency and Unprecedented Safety)

Devising new road traffic systems, including driving aids and inter-vehicle communication.

Sourc~:--sATT Secretarrar:-based-on-ofco~T992}~---------------

COST

EC member States, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Austria, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, Turkey, further countries · on a case-by-case basis.

Applied and basic research at a pre-competitive stage.

Data processing, telecommunications, transport, oceanography, metallurgy, materials, environmental protection, meteorology, agriculture and biotechnology, food technology, social engineering and industrial safety, medical research.

Table ¥.1 Agricultural support in the European Ca..unities (Percentage PSE and total PSE in million ECU)

1979-86 1987

All products 37 49

Livestock sectorb 37 41 Beef and veal 48 46 Milk 54 64 Poultry 20 22 Pigmeat 6 6

Crops 37 68 Oil seeds 49 75 Sugar 54 77 Coarse grainsc 34 68 Wheat 32 61

C/RM/S/368 Page 17

in .ain product areas, 1979-86 (EClO) and 1987-91 (EC12)

1988 1989 1990a 1991a Total 1991 (million ECU)

46 41 49 49 67,628

43 42 47 44 44,f~~ 45 55 56 54 1 ' 57 56 72 69 23,096 32 26 29 18 1,409 6 7 9 8 1 '117

51 37 52 60 23,j~6 56 61 n !7 3, 67 47 56 67 2,850 45 34 52 55 7,249 50 27 43 61 9,369

a Figures for 1990 and 1991 are estimated or provisional {1991); the former German Democratic Republic is included.

b Net PSEs (excluding excess feed costs resulting from market support in feedgrains). c Maize and barley.

So~!£!: DECO (1992), Agricultural Policies, Markets and Trade, Paris.

C/RM/S/36B Page 18

Table Y.2 Production (1991) and EC expenditure (1980-92) by far. sector (Per cent and billion ECU)

Share in total expenditurea

1980 1985 1990 1991

Per cent

Milk 41 30 20 19 Beef/veal 12 14 11 14 Sheepmeat an~ goatmeat 0 3 6 6

Cereals 14 12 15 17 Oi 1 s and fats 3 6 14 12 Sugar 5 9 6 6 Olive oil 3 4 5 6 Wine 2 5 3 3 Fruit and vegetables 6 6 5 4 Tobacco 3 4 5 4

Others 11 7 ~c 9

Total 100 100 100 100

Memorandum: Bill1on ECLI ------ -----Total guarantee spending 11.3 19.7 26.5 32.4 Total guidance spending 0.6 0.7 1.8 2. !

Total gross expenditure 11.9 20.5 28.4 34.6

Levies 1.5 1.1 i. 2 1. 6 Sugar levies 0.5 1.1 0.9 1 . 1

Total net expenditure 9.9 18.3 26.3 31.9

a Expenditure on common market organizations (Guarantee Section). b Budget appropriations.

Share in

19926 final agricultural

production (1991)

14 15.8 14 11.2

6 1.9

18 11.7 14 2.0

6 2.2 6 2.4 4 5.4 4 16.6 4 0.6

10 30.2

100 100.0

32.9 2.9

36.1

1.4 1.2

33.5

Source: EC Commission, The Agricultural Situation in the Community. 1987, 1988 and 1992.

Tab

le ¥

.3

Mai

n ag

ricu

ltu

ral

pol t

cy t

nstn

.en

ts t

n t

he

E..

,._

. C

....

.ttt

e.,

.. d

-l!l

!tl

Sec

tor

Milk

Bee

f an

d ve

al

Pigm

eat

Pou

ltry

Shee

pnea

t

Fru

;ts

and

vege

tabl

es

ln.,o

rt r

tgim

e

Var

iabl

e le

vies

Sp

ecia

l ar

rang

emen

ts m

ainl

y fo

r ch

eese

(e.

g. o

n tn

.,ort

s fr

om s

ome

EFTA

cou

ntri

es,

Aus

tral

ia,

New

Zea

land

, T

urke

y,

Can

ada,

H

unga

ry)

Cus

tom

s du

ties

(ZO

X ad

val

orem

) pl

us v

aria

ble

levi

es

Con

cess

iona

ry p

rodu

ct-s

peci

fic

impo

rt r~lmes gr

anti

ng

full

or

par

tial

ex~tion

from

the

dut

y/le

vy s

yste

m

Bil

ater

al a

rran

gem

ents

wit

h Y

ugis

lavi

a, U

rugu

ay a

nd A

CP

coun

trie

s (q

uant

itat

ive

ceil

ing

s)

levi

es (

mos

tly d

epen

dant

on

pric

e di

ffer

ence

s be

t.ee

n EC

thr

esho

ld p

rice

and

.o

rld

pri

ce f

or c

erea

ls)

plus

su

pple

men

tary

lev

y if

slu

ice-

gate

pri

ce i

s no

t ob

serv

ed

Var

iabl

e le

vies

(se

e pi

gmea

t)

GATT

-bou

nd d

uty

at 2

0 pe

r ce

nt

Dut

y-fr

ee i

n.,o

rts

unde

r vo

lunt

ary

rest

rain

t ar

rang

emen

ts

wit

h m

ajor

sup

plie

r co

untr

ies

Cus

tom

s du

ties

R

efer

ence

pri

ce s

yste

m f

or c

erta

in f

resh

pro

duct

s

Exp

ort

regu

lati

on

Ref

unds

(c

erta

in

exce

ptio

ns,

e.g.

exp

orts

to

U.S

)

Ref

unds

Ref

unds

Ref

unds

Ref

unds

Inte

rnal

su

ppor

t/ad

just

men

t po

lici

es

Inte

rven

tion

pur

chas

es

(man

dato

ry),

D

eliv

ery

quot

as;

Co-

resp

onsi

bili

ty l

evy

(with

exe

mpt

ions

for

sm

all

farm

ers

and

and

fanm

ers

in l

ess-

favo

ured

reg

ions

) P

riva

te s

tora

ge a

id (

with

res

pect

to

butt

er a

nd c

ream

) Sp

ecia

l sa

les

sche

mes

(e

.g.

for

cert

ain

cons

umer

gro

ups

or u

ser

indu

stri

es)

Inte

rven

tion

pur

chas

es

(qua

ntit

ativ

e ce

ilin

gs

Dir

ect

inco

me

aid

Pri

vate

sto

rage

aid

Sp

ecia

l sa

les

sche

mes

V

ario

us p

rem

ium

s (e

.g.

for

suck

ler

cow

s)

Inte

rven

tion

pur

pose

s (o

ptio

nal,

no

pric

e gu

aran

tees

) P

riva

te s

tora

ge a

id

Pri

ce g

uara

ntee

s (w

ith q

uant

itat

ive

ceil

ings

str

igge

ring

pri

ce r

educ

tion

s)

Pri

vate

sto

rage

aid

With

draw

al

of f

resh

pro

duct

s fr

om t

he

mar

ket,

com

pens

atio

n fo

r ce

rtai

n pr

oduc

ts

Gua

rant

ee t

hres

hold

s fo

r ca

ulif

low

ers,

to

mat

oes,

pe

ache

s,

nect

arin

es a

nd

citr

us

fru

it

Aid

for

pro

cess

ing

with

gua

rant

eed

thre

shol

ds (

citr

us

fru

it,

tom

atoe

s,

peac

hes,

pe

ars,

dri

ed g

rape

s) a

nd

with

out

thre

shol

ds (

pine

appl

es,

drie

d pr

unes

and

dri

ed f

igs)

D

irec

t pa

ymen

ts t

o pr

oduc

ers

(dri

ed

grap

es)

and

stor

age

aid

(dri

ed g

rape

s an

d fi

gs)

Tab

le ¥

.3 (

cont

•d)

Sec

tor

Cer

eals

(e

xcep

t ri

ce)

Win

e

Oliv

e o

il

Oil

seed

s

Suga

r

In.,o

rt r

egim

e

Var

iabl

e le

vies

Spe

cifi

c du

ties

Var

iabl

e le

vies

Cus

tom

s du

ties

at

zero

(se

eds,

oil

cake

) or

low

lev

els

Var

iabl

e le

vies

P

refe

rent

ial

impo

rts

from

ACP

cou

ntri

es a

nd f

rom

In

dia

at g

uara

ntee

d pr

ices

(co

mpa

rabl

e to

EC

-int

erna

l pr

ices

)

Sour

ce:

GATT

S

ecre

tari

at a

nd E

C C

omm

issi

on.

Exp

ort

regu

lati

on

Ref

unds

Ref

unds

for

tab

le w

ines

Ref

unds

Ref

unds

Ref

unds

for

a

lim

ited

am

ount

of

dom

estic

pr

oduc

tion

and

can

e su

gar

from

ACP

cou

ntri

es

•

Inte

rnal

su

ppor

t/ad

just

men

t po

lici

es

Inte

rven

tion

pur

chas

es

(man

dato

ry)

Gua

rant

ee t

hres

hold

C

o-re

spon

sibi

lity

lev

y,

addi

tion

al

levy

Pr

oduc

tion

aid

(dur

um W

heat

) Sc

hem

es o

n se

t-as

ide,

ext

ensi

on a

~d

conv

ersi

on o

f pr

oduc

tion

(a

ppli

ed b

y m

embe

r S

tate

s)

Proc

essi

ng a

ids

(sta

rch,

mai

ze f

or

brew

ing)

Inte

rven

tion

pur

chas

es a

nd c

ompu

lsor

y/

opti

onal

d

isti

llat

ion

In

put

subs

idie

s (g

rape

mus

t) St

orag

e ai

d A

id f

or s

truc

tura

l im

prov

emen

t or

ab

ando

nmen

t of

win

e-gr

owin

g

Inte

rven

tion

pur

chas

es

(com

puls

ory)

Pr

oduc

tion

aid

Con

sum

ptio

n ai

d fo

r pa

ckag

ing

plan

ts

(dep

ende

nt o

n in

tern

al

pric

e si

tuat

ion)

Dir

ect

paym

ents

to

farm

ers

on a

pe

r-he

ctar

e ba

sis

(qua

ntit

ativ

e ce

ilin

gs)

Inte

rven

tion

pur

chas

es

(man

dato

ry)

Comm

on p

rice

s fo

r fi

xed

quan

titi

es

Co-

resp

onsi

bili

ty l

evy

Prod

uctio

n qu

otas

for

sug

ar r

efin

erie

s (n

ot t

rans

fera

ble)

P

roce

ssin

g ai

d fo

r in

dust

rial

us

ers

(che

mic

al

indu

stry

)

C/RM/S/36B Page 21

Table ¥.4 Excise taxes of EC -..bars on certain tropical products. 1991 (ECU, million ECU and per cent)

Product Tax rate Imports Ad valorem1 incidence

(HS Code) (ECU per kg) (million ECU) (tonnes) (per cent)

Coffee Italy 1.3 347.1 267,003 103 not roasted Belgium/lux 0.2 78.3 61,706 15 ( 0901. 11) Denmark 0.6 70.8 51,606 40

Germany 1.8 1,142.4 762,252 117

Coffee , Italy 1.4 12.3 5,209 59 not roasted, Belgium/lux 0.2 22.6 14,465 12 decaffeinated Denmark 0.5 0.4 153 22 ( 0901.12) Germany 2.2 2.5 1,448 130

Coffee roasted Italy 1.7 2.6 653 42 (including Belgium/lux 0.2 67.5 19,257 7 decaffeinated) Denmark 0.7 9.9 4,337 29 (0901.21) Germany 2.1 24.6 5,932 51

Instant coffee Italy 4.0 15.8 1,851 47 (2101.10) Belgium/Lux 0.7 22.8 2,517 7

Denmark 1.7 6.2 786 21 Germany 4.6 68.7 12,727 85

Cocoa raw Italy 0.8 66.4 55 t 511 69 (1801. 00) France 0.0 76.9 74,591 1

Denmark 2.4 3.2 2,911 212

Cocoa powder, Italy 0.8 13.8 12,184 68 defatted France 0.0 14.6 12,214 1 (1805.00) Denmark 1.6 3.9 3,595 146

Cocoa paste Italy 1.0 6.2 4,022 66 (1803.10) France 0.0 62.8 40,290 1

Denmark 1.6 0.4 228 95

Cocoa butter Italy 1.3 21.7 7,813 46 (1804. 00) France 0.0 71.2 28,630 0

Denmark 1.6 3.3 1.102 53

Tea, Black (<3kg) France 0.0 19.8 3,134 1 (0902.30) Denmark 0.6 4.7 733 10

Germany 2.0 6.8 1,124 33

Tea, black (>3kg) France 0.0 12.5 5,600 2 (0902.40) Denmark 0.6 3.6 1,474 26

6ennany 2.0 61.0 23,617 78

a Estimated on the basis of import unit values in 1991 (average prices and exchange rates).

~: GATT Secretariat.

C/RM/S/36B Page 22

Table Y.S lew registrations of passenger cars and light ca..ercial vehicles (up to 5 tonnes) by origin. 1111 (Units and per cent)

EC 2roduction

EC producers1

EC/Japanese owned

Im2orts

Japan Non-EC USA a

Europe

USA/Japanese owned Korea Other Asia Other sources/Japanese owned Other

Total

a All non-Japanese owned


Volume (units)

11,914,245

180,039

1,406,868 275,386 54,580

2,852 34 '477 19,534

1,575 5,232

13,894,788

companies.

Market share (per cent)

85.8

1.3

10.1 2.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0

100.0

Annual change 1991/90

(per cent)

-1.6

51.7

4.2 6.0

36.9

55.7

-8.0

-0.1

Table ¥.6 Support for current coal production by ~er State, 1991 (Million ECU)

---------------------------Germany France Spain Belgium

--------------Deficit grant aid (198.7)a 165.3 (393.7)a 53.4

Sales aid for coking coal 1656.7 0 0 0 steam coal (2427.7)a b 0 48.5c 0

Investment aid 0 0 11.3 0

Redemption aid on 0 0 72.2 0 fixed assets

Aid for underground 66.8 0 0 0 staff

Direct social charges 131.8 0 0 7.8

Authorized by the Commission until August 1992 1855.3 165.3 132.0 61.2 (per tonne) (25.5) ( 16. 2) (6.9) (76.5)

a Notified to the Commission but not yet authorized. b Payments under the "coal penny" mechanism. c Payments under the OFICO intervention scheme.


Portugal

4.5

0 0

0

0

0

0

'4. 5 ( 16. 1)

C/RM/S/36B Page 23

United Total Kingdom

0 233.2

0 1656.7 0 48.5

0 11.3

0 72.2

0 66.8

0 139.6

0 2218.3

ECU/ tonne

1.15

8.57 0.25

0.06

0.37

0.35

0. 25

11.48

C/RM/S/36B Page 24

Table ¥1.1 Cases under 6ATT Articles XXII and XXIII involving the EC. 1991-92

Description of case

A. Article XXIII cases

1991

1.

2.

3.

1992

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Restrictions on imports of pork and beef under the Third Country Meat Directive

Subsidies for processors and producers of oilseeds

Measures affecting imports of corn gluten Feed

Trade measures taken for non-economic reasons

Restrictions on imports of tuna

Harbour maintenance fee

Taxes affecting imported automobiles

Negotiating rights in connection with the renegotiation of oilseeds concessions

Countervailing duties on EC dairy products

Raised by/against

United States/EC

United States/EC

United States/EC

Yugoslavia/EC

EC and the Netherlands on beha 1f of the Netherlands Antilles/ United States

EC/United States

EC/United States

Argentina/EC

EC/Argentina

B. Consultations under Article XXII

1992

1. EEC banana import regimes

Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Venezuela/EC

Action taken

~uest for new~el iTOng witn-aTSestaETTshment of previous panel (1987) on this issue

!!g~!!! f~£onven~ E!~~!It_!staETTSned~~ (November 1991); Paner-relort (March 1992); Article XXV 11:4 !!!9.£!..!_at i ens; !~est -ro;-aroitrar-o~ to assess carnages (September 1992); ~uest for authorization to suspenaco~!!i£!!! (November 1992)

~~!!t_for CO_!!!Ultation! (ArticTe IDTT:1)

Estab~~!_£.f._E!~ (Haren ,L;,;,2J

Article XXIII:I consultations and estabTTShment of panel -(July 1992); sus~ension of E!!!!l (November 1 92)

Article XXIII:1 consultations

Article XXIII:1 consultations

Re~st for panel

~rti£!!_!~1!~! consultations

Reguest for consultations TJuTy 1992);-Request--for 2~2_£ffice! of the Director General (September 1992) _____ , ______________________________________ _


Reference

OS 20/2 and Corr. 1 C/M/251

l/6933,6979 C/M/249-252, 256,257,259 OS 28/1-3 OS 28/R

OS 26/1

OS 27!1-2 C/M/254,255

OS 29/1-7 OS 33/1 C/M/257.258

OS 30/1

OS 31/1

DS 34/1

DS 35/1

DS 32/1-3 C/M/257-259

Table ¥1.2

C/RM/S/36B Page 25

Consultations and disputes settlaaent under the Tokyo Round Agreanents involving the EC, 1991-92

(A)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

(B)

6.

7.

8.

(C)

9.

Source:

Description of case

Exchange rate guarantee scheme for Gennan aircraft industry

Subsidies on the production of Airbus aircraft

Countervailing duty proceeding concerning imports of milk powder

Australia's Customs Amendment Act 1991

Countervailing duties on imports of glace cherries from France and Italy under Australia's Customs Amendment Act 1991

Raised by/against

United States/ EC

United States/ EC

EC/Brazil

EC/Australia

EC/Australia

Agreement on the Implementation of Article VI

EC anti-d~ping Brazil/EC duties on imports of cotton yarn

Refund of Japan/EC anti-dumping duties

Anti-dumping proceedings Japan/EC on audio tapes and cassettes from Japan

Agreement on Government Procurement

Procurement of a sonar EC/ mapping system for a United States research ship in the Antarctic

GATT Secretariat.

Action taken Reference

reement

Panel established on SCM/92,97,99,100, J.Tar'C1i 1991 . Pane 1 report 108-110,124,125,142, considered by Committee SCM/M/45,49,50,59.61 on 28 April and 21 July 1992

R~uest for consultations SCM/114,120,122. ( y and July 1991) 124-125

Reguest for conciliation SCM/149 (July and October 1992)

Reguest for conciliation SCM/145-147 (July 1992) SCM/M/58

SCM/W/259

Reguest for Panel under SCM/147,150,152 Art. 17:3 (November 1992) SCM/M/61

(Anti-Dumping)

R!9uest for consultations ADP/63 (September 1991)

Reguest for consultations AOP/78 (Apri 1 1992)

Establishment of E!nel ADP/79,85 and Add.1 under Art. 15:5 ADP/M/38 (October 1992)

Panel established GPR/DSl/R on 12 July 1991. GPR/W/107 Panel report considered GPR/M/41,46,48 by Comnittee on 13 May and 6 October 1992

C/RM/S/36B Page 26

Table Al.l Balance on current account by EC ~r States. 1981-92 (Per cent of GOP)

1981 1985 1988

Belgium -3.8 0.3 1.7

Denmark -3 -4.6 -1.3

France -0.8 0.1 -0.3

Germany -0.6 2.4 4.3

Germany (unifi'ed)

Greece -0.7 -8.2 -2.0

Ireland -14.7 -3.9 1.7

Italy 2.2 -0.9 -0.7

Luxembourg 21.3 43.8 31.3

Netherlands 2.2 4.1 2.8

Portugal -12.2 0.4 -4.4

Spain -2.7 1.4 -1.1

United Kingdom 2.5 0.5 -4.6

Total EC EC+b

-0.6 0.7 0.1

a Estimates, winter 1992. b Including eastern Germany.


1989 1990 1991 19928

1.7 1.2 1.5 1.8

-1.5 0.5 1.3 2.9

-0.3 -0.6 -0.4 0.1

4.8 3.5 1.2 0.4

-0.7 -0.9

-5.0 -6.2 -5.1 -3.4

1.2 2.5 6.0 6.6

-1.3 -1.5 -2.4 -1.9

34.3 33.8 23.7 19.9

3.5 4.0 3.9 3.8

-2.3 -2.5 -3.5 -0.2

-3.2 -3.7 -3.5 -3.5

-5.1 -3.5 -1.8 -1.8

-0.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.4 -1.1 -0.8

Table AI.2 Leading partners in European Cu..unities'(12) .erchandise trade, 1986-91 (Million ECU and percentage)

Exports (f. 0. b.)

Share in Compound M i 111 on total annual

ECU exports growth 199la 1991 rates

86-90

---------------------United States 70,539 16.6 0.1 United States Switzerland 39,351 9.2 6.5 Japan Austria ·28,668 6.7 8.5 Switzerland Japan 21,891 5.1 18.2 Sweden Sweden 21,485 5.0 5.1 Austria

F.ormer USSR 13,980 3.3 2. 1 Norway Saudi Arabia 9,700 2.3 -2.5 Former USSR Norway 9,432 2.2 -2.4 China Canada 9,274 2.2 0.4 Taiwan Turkey 8,085 1.9 12.5 Saudi Arabia

Poland 7,794 1.8 16.7 Finland Finland 7,601 1. 8 8.3 Canada Iran 7,331 1.7 7.3 Brazil Hong Kong 7,307 1.7 11.2 Hong Kong Korea, Rep. of 6,897 1.6 17.9 Libya

Former Yugoslavia 6,731 1.6 9.5 Korea, Rep. of Australia 6,095 1.4 3.6 Former Yugoslavia South Africa 5,965 1.4 5. 1 Algeria Israel 5,834 1.4 4.9 South Africa Singapore 5,581 1.3 17.5 Iran

China 5,510 1.3 -5.5 Turkey Taiwan 5,270 1.2 17.3 Poland India 5,064 1.2 0.7 Singapore Mexico 4,735 1.1 16.4 Thailand Algeria 4,285 1.0 -1.9 Malaysia

Egypt 4,016 0.9 -3.2 India Braz i 1 3,921 0.9 0.5 Nigeria Czech. and Slav. F.R. 3, 777 0.9 7.0 Australia Thailand 3,733 0.9 22.5 Czech. and Slav. F.R. United Arab Emirates 3,661 0.9 7.0 Argentina

Morocco 3,590 0.8 11. 1 Hungary Hungary 3,446 0.8 3.9 Israel Indonesia 3,131 0.7 10.4 Indonesia Tunisia 3,053 0.7 10.5 Morocco Nigeria 2,873 0.7 -4.8 Mexico

Malaysia 2,864 0.7 16.1 Chile Ubya 2,713 0.6 -0.5 Tunisia Venezuela 1,870 0.4 -3.1 Egypt Pakistan 1 ,824 0.4 -3.2 United Arab Emirates Argentina 1,678 0.4 -7.9 Pakistan

Total of above 370,557 87.0 4.8 Total of above

Total exports 425,964 100.0 4.8 Total imports

--------------------a Including eastern Germany.

Source: UNSO, Comtrade database.

C/RM/S/36B Page 27

Imports

Share in Mi 11 ion total

ECU imports 1991a 1991

90,242 18.1 53,029 10.7 33,815 6.8 25,518 5.1 22,149 4.5

17,903 3.6 17,458 3.5 13,675 2.7 11 '249 2.3 10,891 2.2

10,665 2.1 9,631 1.9 9,307 1.9 8,427 1.7 8,019 1.6

7,963 1. 6 7,494 1.5 7,440 1.5 7,063 1.4 6,468 1.3

6,327 1.3 6,224 1.3 5,796 1.2 5,077 1.0 4,780 1.0

4,735 1.0 4,727 1.0 4,450 0.9 4,068 0.8 3,763 0.8

3,698 0.7 3,619 0.7 3,480 0.7 3,118 0.6 2,968 0.6

2,540 0.5 2,379 0.5 2,188 0.4 1,749 0.4 1,589 0.3

455,680 91.6

497,374 100.0

(c.i.f.)

Compound annual growth rates 86-90

9.4 8.4 7.4 7.1

10.4

7.9 2.3

23.1 17.5 -3.0

10.2 10.3 6.0 6.1

10.0

11.2 11.9 0.5 3.6

18.2

15.2 15.6 23.3 16.0 13.9

17.5 -0.9 5.1 5.7

10.2

11.6 8.6

15.4 12.0 5.7

12.9 11.9 6.1

23.3 9.4

8.8

8.0

C/RM/S/36B Page 28

Table Al.3 leading pnxb:ts in European C:C..U,ities' (12) extemal trade. 1986-91 (Million ECU and percentage)

Exports (f .o.b.)

Share Compound Million total annual

ECU exports growth 1991a 1991 rates

86-90

Pass. motor veh. ,exc. buses 19,422 4.6 1.9 Crude petroleum,etc. Aircraft,equipment & parts 13,871 3.3 5.8 Autom. data process. mach. Parts of motor vehicles 10,699 2.5 3.8 Aircraft,equipment & parts Medicinal etc. products 10,030 2.4 6.6 Pass. motor veh.,exc. buses Petroleum products,refined 9,261 2.2 4.1 Paper and paperboard

Machs. for special industries 8,970 2.1 4.7 Petroleum products,refined Machs. parts, nonelectric,nes. 7,422 1.7 6.8 Telecomm. equipment,nes. Measuring,controling instr. 7,035 1.7 3.3 Transistors,valves,etc. Pearl,prec.-,semi-p. stones 6, 723 1.6 8.4 Parts of data process. mach. Engines,motors nonelectric 6,703 1.6 10.7 Gas, natural and manufactured

Telecomm. equipment,nes. 6,702 1.6 2.2 Womens outerwear nonknit Electric switchgear etc. 6,326 1.5 5.3 Measuring,controling instr. Products of polymerizing, etc. 6,326 1. 5 5.6 Pearl ,prec.-,semi-p. stones Alcoholic beverages 6,063 1.4 6.1 Electrical machinery,nes. Electrical machinery,nes. 5,585 1.3 5.7 Wood simply worked etc.

Autom. data process. mach. 5,359 1.3 5.4 Engines,motors nonelectric Textile,leather mach.,parts 5,342 1.3 6.9 Medicinal etc. products Heating,cooling,equipment 5,198 1.2 6.6 Fruit,nuts,fresh,dried Iron.,steel univers. ,plate,sheet 5,181 1.2 4.4 Mens outerwear notknit Furniture 5,060 1.2 5.2 Toys,sporting goods,etc.

Intern.comb.pistn.engin. ,nes. 4,983 1.2 7.0 Coal,lignite and peat Transistors,valves,etc. 4,921 1.2 18.3 Knitted outerwear,nonelastic Machine-tools to work metals 4,807 1.1 3.1 Parts of motor vehicles Misc. chemical products,nes. 4,633 1.1 4.1 Gold, non-monetary Mechine handling equipment 4,272 1.0 7.9 Copper

Parts of data process. mach. 4,182 1.0 2.7 Pulp and waste paper Printed matter 4,053 1.0 5.1 Electric switchgear etc. Articles of plastic,nes. 4,010 0.9 10.7 Animal feed stuff lron,steel tubes,pipes,etc. 3,999 0.9 -4.2 Products of polymerizing, etc. Pumps other than for liquids 3,973 0.9 5.6 Aluminium

Non-electric machines,nes. 3,861 0.9 5.0 Footwear Gold,silver ware,jewelry 3,689 0.9 1.1 Musical instruments,parts Metal manufactures,nes. 3,662 0.9 3.2 Intern.comb.pistn.engin.,nes. Ships and boats 3,658 0.9 27.6 Machs. parts, nonelectric,nes. Paper and paperboard 3,600 0.8 10.2 Machs. for special industries

Footwear 3,579 0.8 1.7 Knitted underwear Nitrogen-fnctn. compounds 3,523 0.8 12.5 Television receivers Womens outerwear nonknit 3,355 0.8 7.5 Furniture Domest. elec.,nonelec. equip. 3,346 0.8 10.9 Fish fresh,chilled,frozen lorries etc.,special vehicles 3,290 0.8 2.3 Machine-tools to work metals

Total of above 236,675 55.5 5.6 Total of above

Total exports 426,120 100.0 4.8 Total imports

a Including eastern Germany.

Source: UNSO, Comtrade database.

Imports (c. i. f.)

Share Canpound Mill ion total annual

ECU imports growth 1991a 1991 rates

86-90

47,589 9.6 6.2 16,714 3.4 12.4 14,865 3.0 21.6 14' 117 2.8 10.7 12,523 2.5 10.7

11,803 2.4 -0.2 10,174 2.0 19.0 8,588 1.7 12.4 8,530 1.7 11.4 8,508 1.7 -16.7

7' 162 1.4 18.4 6,990 1.4 7.6 6,953 1.4 10.0 6,210 1.2 12.9 6,074 1.2 9.3

5,991 1.2 12.8 5,818 1.2 12.1 5,811 1.2 6.0 5,497 1.1 13.9 5,452 1.1 16.5

5,198 1.0 0.8 5,109 1.0 12.6 4,881 1.0 9.3 4, 790 1.0 -1.4 4,673 0.9 12.9

4,616 0.9 8.9 4,433 0.9 10.4 4,326 0.9 -0.9 4,320 0.9 15.2 4,125 0.8 12.8

4,070 0.8 14.7 3,870 0.8 17.3 3,870 0.8 12.8 3,706 0.7 9.5 3,567 0.7 13.4

3,443 0.7 18.1 3,394 0.7 37.3 3,386 0.7 14.2 3,330 0.7 17.4 3,257 0.7 12.2

297,733 59.9 8.7

497,374 100.0 8.0

Tab

le A

l.4

R

egio

nal

dts

trtb

utt

on

of

trad

e b

y ~r S

tate

s.

1991

(B

illi

on

ECU

an

d pe

r ce

nt)

Tot

al

trad

e E

xter

nal

trad

e S

hare

in

mem

ber

Sta

tes'

ex

tern

al

trad

e --

----

----

---

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

--B

illi

on

Bi

11

ion

Sha

re

in

EFTA

U

nite

d Ja

pan

Cen

tral

M

edit

er

Eas

t a

lati

n

Oth

er

ECU

ECU

tota

l S

tate

s &

eas

t ba

sin

Asi

a A

mer

ica

trad

e E

urop

e

Bel

gium

-lux

embo

urg

Exp

orts

9

5.3

5

22.8

7 2

4.0

2

3.6

15

.7

4.9

5

.2

14

.9

4.5

3

.1

28

.2

Impo

rts

102.

52

30.0

7 29

.3

18.4

20

.8

12

.6

6.0

6

.9

3.7

6

.2

25

.4

Den

mar

k E

xpor

ts

29.3

0 13

.42

45

.8

49

.8

10

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7.8

6

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3.8

2

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2.3

1

6.4

Im

port

s 26

.67

12.2

1 4

5.8

49

.3

12.7

6

.7

5.8

2

.0

3.1

3

.6

16

.9

Fra

nce

Exp

orts

18

4.71

67

.22

36

.4

17

.3

16

.5

5.4

4

.3

13

.9

4.0

4

.3

34

.2

Impo

rts

200.

12

71. 1

0 3

5.5

18

.4

23.4

8

.2

5.2

1

0.8

3

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4.6

2

5.8

Ger

man

yb

Exp

orts

32

3.95

14

9.14

4

6.0

3

4.0

1

3.6

5

.4

12

.4

8.4

4

.0

4.1

18

.0

Impo

rts

314.

74

142.

94

45.4

28

.1

13.5

1

1.6

11

.1

8.5

4

.0

4.6

1

8.7

Gre

ece

Exp

orts

7.

02

2.51

3

5.7

1

5.3

1

6.0

2

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13

.9

32

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1.4

2

.7

15

.6

Impo

rts

17.4

1 6

.92

3

9.7

1

4.5

1

0.8

16

.7

11

.4

15

.2

2.3

4

.9

24.1

Irel

and

E

xpor

ts

19.5

3 4

.84

24

.8

21

.8

35.1

9

.2

3. 1

4

.8

3.1

3

.4

19

.6

Impo

rts

16.8

3 5

.08

3

0.2

15

.2

50

.0

12

.6

2.9

2

.0

2.9

1

.6

12

.8

Italy

E

xpor

ts

l36

.76

55

.52

40

.6

21

.5

17

.0

5.4

7.

1 17

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3.2

5

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22

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Impo

rts

147.

20

61.7

0 4

1.9

2

0.8

13

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5.8

9

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18

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2.8

5

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23

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Net

herl

ands

E

xpor

ts

108.

21

24.9

9 23

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28.4

16

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4.0

7

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9.3

4

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3.7

2

5.9

Im

port

s 11

0.90

45

.51

41

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15.2

1

9.8

13

. 1

5.6

5.

1

5.5

7

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28

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Por

tuga

l E

xpor

ts

13.1

6 3

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23

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40.9

1

6.0

3

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0.8

5

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1.4

2

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29

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Impo

rts

21.0

9 5

.90

2

8.0

2

1.6

12

.1

10.3

1

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9.8

3

.1

12

.2

29.4

Spa

in

Exp

orts

51

.35

16.6

7 3

2.5

1

1.6

14

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2.4

4

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15.7

2.

1 9

.1

40

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Impo

rts

72.6

7 29

. 17

40.1

1

3.5

1

9.8

1

0.8

3

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10

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3.5

1

0.2

2

8.4

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

E

xpor

ts

147.

12

63.2

0 4

3.0

1

7.0

2

5.6

5

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2.3

6

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5.9

2

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34

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C)

Impo

rts

169.

44

83

.40

4

9.2

2

3.0

25

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11

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2.8

3

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5.4

3

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25.3

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q ~

16

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5.2

7

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10

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4.1

4.1

25

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EC

Exp

orts

11

16.4

5 42

3.50

3

7.9

25

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' Im

port

s 11

99.5

8 49

3.99

4

1.2

2

2.4

1

8.6

1

0.5

7.

0 8

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4.0

5

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23

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N

tn

\C)' w

0

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Hon

g K

ong,

K

orea

, R

ep.

of,

S

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pore

, T

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an,

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11 a

nd,

Mal

aysi

a.

~

a b In

clud

ing

east

ern

Ger

man

y.

!!!!

m:

Eu

roet

•t

(199

2),

Ext

erna

l T

rad

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tet1

atic

al

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rboo

k,

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e 6

, S

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1 A.

Tab

le A

LS

R

egio

nal

dis

trib

uti

on

of

trad

e by

.a.b

er

Sta

tes.

19

86

(Bil

lio

n E

CU

and

per

cen

t)

Bel

gium

-Lux

embo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fra

nce

Ger

man

yb

Gre

ece

Irel

and

Italy

Net

herl

ands

Por

tuga

l

Spa

in

Uni

ted

K i n

gdom

EC

Exp

orts

Im

port

s

Exp

orts

Im

port

s

Exp

orts

Im

port

s

Exp

orts

Im

port

s

Exp

orts

Im

port

s

Exp

orts

Im

port

s

Exp

orts

Im

port

s

Exp

orts

Im

port

s

Exp

orts

Im

port

s

Exp

orts

Im

port

s

Exp

orts

Im

port

s

Exp

orts

Im

port

s

Tot

al

trad

e E

xter

nal

trad

e

Bil

lio

n

ECU

70.1

7 70

.40

22.1

3 23

.64

121.

38

130.

55

247.

52

194.

37

5.7

5

11.5

5

12.8

0 11

.82

99.4

0 10

1.95

85

.85

8

1.3

0

7.32

9.

61

26.9

8 3

3.3

0

107.

67

127.

52

806.

96

796.

01

Bil

lio

n

Sha

re

in

ECU

tot a

1 tr

ade

18.4

4 21

.03

11.7

6 11

.07

51.1

2 46

.09

121.

33

88

.86

2.0

7

4.8

2

3.4

8

3.1

2

45.7

1 45

.07

20.0

6 3

1.7

3

2.2

8

3.9

3

10.3

0 16

.21

55.4

1 62

.63

341.

93

334.

56

26.3

29

.9

53.2

4

6.8

42.1

3

5.3

49

.0

45.7

36

.0

41.7

27.2

26

.4

46

.0

44.2

23.4

3

9.0

31.1

40

.9

38

.2

48.7

51.5

49

.1

42

.4

42

.0

EFTA

U

nite

d

23

.8

19 .1

46

.7

49

.9

19 .1

1

9.0

33

.7

29.2

11.2

12

.7

21.4

1

5.0

20

.5

19

.5

26.1

17

.4

37 .a

1

7.8

12

.5

10

.8

16.2

26

.3

25.5

2

3.5

Sta

tes

20.1

1

7.7

16

.2

10

.4

17

.6

17.3

21.4

1

3.2

19

.7

7.2

32.1

4

8.9

23.3

1

2.9

19

.5

20.5

22

.6

16.7

24

.5

20.2

27.9

22

.3

22

.0

16

.9

a H

ong

Kon

g,

Kor

ea,

Rep

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f,

Sin

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re,

Tai

wan

, T

hail

and,

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b

Exc

ludi

ng e

aste

rn G

erm

any.

Sou

rce:

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uro

stat

(1

992)

, E

xter

nal

Tra

de-

Sta

tist

ical

Y

earb

ook,

Th

eme

6,

Ser

ies

A. S

hare

in

mem

ber

Sta

tes'

ex

tern

al

trad

e

Japa

n C

entr

al

Med

iter

. E

asl

& e

ast

basi

n A

sia

3.6

9

.8

6.4

10

.7

3.2

8

.0

3.4

1

2.0

2.

1 14

.6

6.7

1

1.8

2.9

4

.7

3.0

9

.2

2.7

8

.7

2.0

9

.4

3.2

12

.2

3.3

9

.9

Eur

ope 5.7

7

. 7

3.9

6

.6

5.5

8

.4

7.6

9

.4

13.7

1

2.5

3.1

5

.6

6.4

9

.4

5.4

6

.9

3.5

2

.7

4.7

3

.2

3.1

3

.9

5.6

7

.0

13

.8

5.3

3.4

1

.6

14.8

1

0.6

8.4

8

.1

29.2

1

9.3

7.6

1

.7

16. 1

1

6.6

10

.1

6.0

7.0

7

.6

14

.8

12.1

6.6

3

.7

10

.6

8.5

2.1

2.0

1.5

1

.5

2.5

2

.4

2.3

2

.9

0.8

1

.9

1.7

1

.8

2.1

1.8

3.5

5

.0

0.7

3

.0

1.2

1

.8

3.7

3

.1

2.5

2

.8

lati

n

Oth

er

Am

eric

a

2.7

6

.1

2.7

4

.0

4.7

5

.5

4.0

6

.6

0.6

3

.4

4.4

1

.8

4.4

6

.4

4.0

7

.4

'4. 2

9

.2

11

.5

12

.7

2.8

3

.3

4.0

6

.0

28

.2

32

.5

19

.3

15

.4

32

.6

28.7

19.3

1

8.5

22

.8

28

.4

22

.9

13

.5

24

.3

28

.6

28.3

2

7.6

21

.7

34

.2

28.8

2

9.8

36

.5

25.2

26.4

25

.5

Table AI.& EC trade with five central and eastern European countries.a 1990-91 (Million ECU and per cent)

Food, beverages, tobacco Rawmaterials (excl. fuels) Fuels Manufactures

Of which: Chemicals Non-metal manufactures Iron and steel Machinery, transport equip. Furniture Clothing

Other

Total

Memorandum:

Total external trade ( ECU mi 11 ion)

Share of the five countries (per cent)

Exports Value 1991 Growth 91/90

(ECU mn) (per cent)

1. 635 39.5 543 9.9 490 81.7

14,201 29.7

2. 011 14.1

7,155 32.2

674 7.7

17,542 29.8

423,498 0.9

4.1

C/RM/S/36B Page 31

Imports Value 1991 Growth 91/90

(ECU mn) (per cent}

2,220 13.7 1,254 13.5 1,032 -15.4

11,232 28.8

1,505 29.7 615 57.2 932 2.2

2,318 33.0 705 28.8

1,917 36.3

380 36.1

16,117 21.4

493,990 6.8

3.3

a Bulgaria, Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania.

Source: Eurostat, Rapid Reports -External Trade and Balance of Payments, No. 8, 1992.

C/RM/S/36B Page 32

Table Alll.l Overview of EC ll!lliler States' reservations to the DECO Code of li bera 1 i zat ion of Capita 1 MovaEnts. March 1992

(A) Belghn

Direct investment

0

Public takeover bids. Acquisition of Belgian flag vessels by companies not having their principal office in Belgium. Establishment of insurance companies and travel agencies (reciprocity).

investment securities

Operations in money market securities and instruments See above.

Other o erations in ne otiable instruments and non-securitized claims ee a ave.

(8) France

Direct investment Certain investments in air transport; in the banking, financial and insurance sectors; in newspapers and per1odicals; audio-visual communication; brokerage; travel agencies; road transport; vehicle rental; m1n1ng; energy; nuclear industry; and agriculture (reciprocity). Majority ownership of French flag vessels by enterprises not having the1r principal office in France. Prior notification requirement for other investments (exceptions, e.g., for small businesses and acquisitions of agricultural land).

Operations 1n securities on capital markets Issue through placing or publ1c sale of domestic securities on a foreign market (euro-franc issues only). Purchase by non-residents of securities not quoted on a recognized securities market.

Operations in collective investment securities ls5ue through placing or public sale of securities (non-EC) on the domestic market. Introduction of securities (non-EC) on a recognized domestic market.

Operations on money markets Issue through placing or public sale of domestic securities on a foreign money market (euro-franc issues only). Issue through placing or puolic sale of certain foreign securities (certificates of deposit) on the domestic market.

(C) Gel"Eny

Direct investment Establishment of airline companies not controlled by German nationals. Ownership of German flag vessels by enterprises not incorporated in Germany. Establishment of branches of non-EC based credit institutions and of airline enterprises with foreign headquarters (reciprocity).

Operations in securities on capital markets Issue through placing or public sale of OM-denominated domestic securities on a foreign capital market. Issue through placing or public sale of OM-denominated foreign securities with a maturity of less than two years on the domestic capital market. Purchase of federal savings bonds by non-resident private households.

Operations on money market Issue through placing or public sale of OM-denominated domestic securities on a foreign money market. Issue through placing or public sale of OM-denominated foreign securities on the domestic market.

(D) Greece

Direct investment Establishment of a representative office or a new branch of a non-EC bank (reciprocity). Establishment of airline enterprises with foreign headquarters (reciprocity). Participations by non-EC investors exceeding 40 per cent of the share capital of a bank established in Greece. Investments by residents in non-EC member States. liquidation by non-EC residents of investments realised in Greece after 31 December 1979.

Table AIII.l (cont'd)

CjRM/S/36B Page 33

ssue t roug p acing or pu ic sa e o certain domestic securities on a non-EC capital market. Introduction of certain domestic securities on a recognized foreign securities market (bonds and other debt securities with an original maturity of less than two years). Issue through placing or public sale of securities (non-EC) on the domestic capital market. Introduction of securitias (non-EC) on a recognized domestic security market. Purchase of unquoted securities by non-residents (except for securities of a participating nature purchased by EC residents and of unquoted bonds issued by private enterprises with an original maturity of less than two years). Sale of securities by non-residents (sale of foreign securities not quoted in a Greek stock exchange and sale by non-EC residents of unquoted domestic securities if the transfer abroad exceeds the original investment). Purchase and sale abroad of certain domestic securities (exceptions, inter alia, for undertakings daniciled within the EC).

su·ret i es, guarantees and f i nanc i a 1 back -up facilities

-:-~-~-:-;.;_~--;;~;;;..;;..,,..;......;;;.;;,,;;..;:.;~;;-~....;.;..:;,;,.;......;...;:..:....;..;;;.;;..;.;..;..;;..._w;;..i:..::t~h;.,..,.;..r.=.e.:::..s 1:..::· de=n.:::..t ;.,..,.;..i ;.;.ns;;..;t;,..;,i..;.t.=.ut;;...i:..::o~ns (operations in domestic currency

Personal capital movements (non-EC residents) . Family loans, gifts, endowments, dowries, inheritances and legacies, emigrants' assets.

Physical movement of capital assets . Export of certain securities and means of payments not declared when imported.

Imports of means of payments above certain thresholds.

Disposal of non-resident-owned blocked funds (non-EC residents) . Transfer.

Use for current operations or for operations of a capital nature in the country. . Cession between non-residents.

Operations in real estate . Sale by non-residents (transfer of liquidation proceeds to non-EC countries) . . Purchase abroad by residents (foreign currency outflows).

Operations on monef markets . Issue through p acing or public sale of domestic securities and other instruments on a foreign money market.

Introduction of domestic securities on a recognized foreign money market. Issue through placing or public sale of foreign securities and other instruments on the domestic money market. Introduction of foreign securities and other instruments on a recognized domestic money market. Purchase by non-residents of money market securities not quoted in the Greek Stock Exchange {use of imported funds). Sale by non-residents of money market securities not quoted in the Greek Stock Exchange and not purchased with imported funds. lending and borrowing through other money market instruments by non-residents. Purchase of money market securities abroad by residents (except operations financed by foreign exchange holdings not subject to compulsory surrender to the Bank of Greece). Sale abroad by residents of domestic money market securities not quoted on any foreign market. lending through other money market instrl.ll'lents abroad by residents (except operations financed by foreign exchange holdings not subject to compulsory surrender to the Bank of Greece). Borrowing abroad by residents through domestic securities not quoted on any foreign market.

Other operations in negotiable instruments and non-securitized claims . Issue through placing or public sale of domestic instrl.ll'lents and claims on a foreign financial market.

Introduction of domestic instruments and claims on a recognized foreign financial market. Issue through placing or public sale of foreign instruments and claims on a domestic financial market. Introduction of foreign instruments and claims on a domestic financial market.

C/RM/S/36B Page 34


Purchase and sale in Greece by non-residents. Exchange for other assets in Greece by non-residents. Purchase abroad by residents (except operations financed by foreign exchange not subject to ca'l1)ulsory surrender to the Bank of Greece). Sale abroad by residents of domestic instruments and claims not quoted on any foreign market. Exchange for other assets abroad by residents.

Credits directly linked with international commercial transactions or the rendering of international services in cases where no resident participates in these transactions (credits granted by residents to non-residents)

Financial credits and loans Credits and loans granted by non-residents to residents (except loans with a maturity of at least one year to undertakings in the industrial, mining, tourist, trade and service sectors and loans with a maturity of less than twelve months to exporting enterprises if repaid out of foreign exchange from the sale of goods exported). Credits and loans granted by residents to non-residents (except certain bank loans and credits financed by foreign exchange not compulsory surrenderable to the Bank of Greece).

Operation of deposit accounts . Operation by residents of accounts in domestic or foreign currency with non-resident institutions (except

operations involving foreign exchange not obligatory surrenderable to the Bank of Greece).

Operations in foreign exchange . Purchase of domestic currency with foreign currency by non-residents (forward operations linked to commercial

transactions). Sale of domestic currency for foreign currency by non-residents (except specified sales on departure from Greece). Purchase of foreign currency with domestic currency abroad by residents. Sale of foreign currency for domestic currency abroad by residents. Exchange of foreign currencies abroad by residents (except resident banks authorized by Bank of Greece to buy and sell foreign exchange).

(E) Ireland

Direct investment Investment by non-residents in the air transport sector. Investment by non-EC residents in flour milling activities. Acquisitions of Irish registered vessels (reciprocity). Establishment of branches of non-EC based insurance companies (special deposit and asset localization requirements/reciprocity). Investments by non-EC residents in the banking and financial services sectors (reciprocity). Certain investments abroad by residents (except in EC member countries).

Operations in securities on capital markets Purchase of certain bonds abroad by residents (exceptions, inter alia, for bonds issued by the EC or the European Investment Bank and Ir£-bonds quoted on both the UK and the Irish Stock Exchange).

Operations in collective investment securities (non-EC) . Issue through placing or public sale of securities on the domestic market.

Introduction of foreign securities on a recognized domestic market.

Sureties, guarantees and financial back-up facilities given by residents in favour of non-EC residents in specified cases

Operation by non-residents of deposit accounts in domestic currency with resident institutions (except deposits for fixed terms of at least three months duration; accounts of non-resident banks with balances less than Ir£250,000; individual credits of less than Ir£250,000 to accounts of non-resident non-banks)

Personal capital movements (non-EC residents) . Family loans, gifts and endowments exceeding lr£3,000.

Physical movement of capital assets Import and export of certain means of payment (gold bullion for non-industrial purposes).

Operations in real estate . Acquisition of agricultural land by non-residents in Ireland and by residents abroad (subject to exceptions).


C/RM/S/36B Page 35

Operations on money markets . Purchase of lr£-denominated money market securities by non-residents (certificates of deposit in excess of

lr£250,000 issued to banks, and bankers' acceptances and corrmercial papers for a fixed period of less than thre:e months). Lending through other money market instruments by non-residents (lr£-denominated interbank deposits in excess of lr£250,000 for a fixed period of less than three months). Purchase of specified money market securities abroad by residents (exceptions, inter alia, for securities issued by the EC or the European Investment Bank).

Other operations in negotiable instruments and non-securitized claims Purchase by non-residents (except instruments denominated in foreign currency and Ir£-denominated instruments designed to hedge a permitted exposure). Exchange for other assets in Ireland by non-residents (except instruments denominated in foreign currency; instruments denominated in lr£ designed to hedge a permitted exposure; foreign/domestic currency swaps between counterpart i es with matching penni tted exposures; and foreign/domestic currency swaps where the initial impact on. the external reserves is positive or neutral). Exchange for other· assets abroad by residents (same exceptions as above). Purchase abroad by residents (except instruments designed to hedge a permitted exposure).

Credits directly linked with international corrmercial transactions or with the rendering of international services in cases where no resident participates in these certain transactions . Credits granted by residents to non-residents (except certain credits in foreign currency granted by

authorized banks and credits in domestic currency made avai 1 ab 1 e by authorized banks as a component of the ecu).

Financial credits and loans Certain credits and loans granted by non-residents to residents. Certain credits and loans granted by residents to non-residents.

Operation of deposit accounts Operation by residents of accounts in domestic currency with non-resident institutions. Operation by residents of accounts in foreign currency with non-resident institutions (subject to exceptions).

Operations in foreign exchange . Purchase of foreign currency with domestic currency abroad by residents (forward cover, currency futures and

options for operations not liberalized on the domestic market). Sale of foreign currency for domestic currency abroad by residents (see above). Exchange of foreign currencies abroad by residents (proceeds of export sales must be repatriated and converted to domestic currency, unless approval has been granted for their retention for further trade financing.)

(F) Italy

Direct investment Foreign majority participation in the information sector (including newspapers, periodicals, radio and television broadcasting), in air transport, and in enterprises owning Italian ships for which offshore-supply and cabotage are reserved. Establishment of branches of banks by non-EC investors (minimum capital requirements/reciprocity). Acquisition of shares with voting rights in "banks of national interest". Establishment of branches and agencies of insurance companies (non-EC investments subject to reciprocity). Investments in the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons (reciprocity).

Operations in collective investment securities . Issue through placing or public sale of foreign securities on the domestic market (exceptions for EC-residents

and, in general, for the sale of securities strictly through private negotiations). Sale in Italy by non-residents (see above).

Physical movement of capita assets . Import and export of means of payment (gold).

(G) LIIXI!IIIbourg

No reservations.

(H) Netherlands

Direct investment by non-EC residents in airlines and in the banking and financial services sector (reciprocity). Ownership of Netherlands flag vessels by foreign-based companies.

C/RM/S/36B Page 36


(I) Portugal

Direct investment Investments in Portugal by non-EC residents in non-priority sectors. Establishment of credit institutions (subject to authorization) and travel agencies. Establishment of insurance agencies originating outside the EC (subject to special guarantees). Establishment in the cinema sector. Establishment of enterprises engaged in coastal trade (Portuguese majority requirements). Ownership of Portuguese flag vessel by foreign-based companies. Direct investment abroad by residents if the capital exported is considered indispensable for the development of the national economy.

ssue t rough pacing or pu ic sa eo domestic securities on a foreign capital market. Introduction of domestic securities on a recognized foreign market (except securities already quoted on the domestic exchan~e). Issue through placing or public sale of foreign securities on the domestic market (except securities of international organizations to which Portugal belongs). Introduction of foreign securities not quoted on a recognized foreign market on a recognized domestic market. Purchase of certain securities in Portugal by non-residents (e.g. unquoted securities other than convertible bonds, shares and other securities of a participating nature). Sale of unquoted foreign bonds and other debt secur1t1es in Portugal. Purchase abroad by residents of escudo-denominated bonds, bonds not quoted on any securities market, and certain open-ended investment funds. Sale abroad by ~esidents of certain unquoted domestic securities.

0 erations 1n collective investment securities Issue through p ac1ng or put.·~c sa e o certain foreig11 securities on the domestic market (securities of institut1ons which do not ensure that a majority of assets consists of securities quoted on a recognized market of an DECO member country). Introduct1on of foreign secur1ties on a recogn1zed domestic market (see qualification above). Purchase by non-residents of sec~rit1es 1ssued by institutions spec1alized in short-term securities. Purchase abroad by res1dents of certain collective investment securities. Investments abroad by P.ortugue~e open-ended fu~ds which are requ'red to invest 25 per cent of their assets in Portuguese government bonds.

Credits directly linkEd with international commercial transactions or the renderina of international services in cases where a resfdent part1c1pates in these transactions (credits granted in the context of leasing operat1ons)

Operation of deposit accounts Operat1on by non-reside~ts of escudo accounts with resident institut1ons (except non-interest-bearing accounts). Operat1on by non··re::~der·ts o~ B;Ccounts -~ fxei;jr. ::..~rrency w~tr· rc::slden: ·::-,st~tutions (term deposits of more than one year).

Personal capital movements Family loans, g1fts and endowme~ts, dowries, inheritances and legacies, sEttlement of debts in their country of origin by 1mmigrants, emigrants' assets, savings of non-resident workers (subject to thresholds).

Operations in real estate In Portugal by non-res1dents (except purchase of one residence per family). Abroad by residents.

Operations on money markets Issue through placing or public sale of domestic secur1ties and other instruments on a foreign money market. Introduction of domestic securities and other instruments on a recognized foreign money market. Purchase of money market securities by non-residents (except 1nvestments up to 5 per cent of the total value of the capital market securities belonging to a given investor). Sale of unquoted foreign money market securities by non-residents. Lending through other money market instruments by non-resident credit institutions, except certain accounts with domestic banks (non-interest bearing sight deposits 1r escudos, sight deposits in foreign currency, ·and tenm deposits, for up to one year, in foreign currency). Borrowing through other money market instruments by non-residents (same exceptions as above).

Table AIII.l (cant'd)

C/RM/S/36B Page 37

Purchase of money market securities abroad by residents (except investments up to 5 per cent of the tot a 1 value of the foreign financial securities belonging to a given investor). Sale of unquoted domestic money market securities abroad by residents. Lending through other money market instruments abroad by residents (except sight deposits and term deposits for up to one year with foreign banks). Borrowing through other money market instruments abroad by residents (same exceptions as above).

Other o rations in ne otiable instruments and non-securitized claims Issue t rough p acing or pub ic sa e o domestic instruments and claims on a foreign financial market. Introduction of domestic instruments and claims on a recognized foreign financial market. Issue through placing or public sale on a domestic financial market of foreign instruments and claims (except those of international organizations to which Portugal belongs). Introduction of foreign instruments and claims on a recognized domestic financial market (same exceptions as above). Purchase in Portugal by non-residents (except warrants or other stock rights). Sale of unquoted foreign instruments and claims by non-residents. Exchange for other assets by non-residents. Purchase abroad by residents (except rights and warrants relating to quoted securities). Sale abroad of unquoted domestic instruments and claims by residents. Exchange for other assets abroad by residents.

c·redits directl linked with international ccmnercial transactions or the renderin of international services in cases w re no resident participates in these transactions (credits granted by residents to non-residents)

Financial credits and loans . Credits and loans granted by non-residents to residents (except repayments).

Credits and loans granted by residents to non-residents (except repayments).

Operation by residents of deposit accounts in domestic or foreign currency with non-resident institutions

Operations in foreign exchange . Purchase of foreign currency with domestic currency abroad by residents (except purchases on the spot market

by authorized resident credit institutions). Sale of foreign currency for domestic currency abroad by residents. Exchange of foreign currencies abroad by residents (except operations on their own account by authorized resident credit institutions).

Personal capital movements . Gaming (outward transfer of winnings exceeding 15,000 units of account per year).

(K) ~

Direct investment Investments in air transport; broadcasting and TV; gaming; lotteries; lotto and casinos. Investments by governments, official institutions and public enterprises .

. Establishments by ncin-EC investors in the banking, financial services and insurance sectors (reciprocity).

Operations in securities on capital markets . Issue through placing or public sale of domestic securities on a foreign capital market (except shares and

convertible bonds). Issue through placing or public sale of foreign securities on the domestic capital market. Purchase by non-residents of shares and other securities of a participating nature (may be affected by laws on inward direct investment and establishment).

Operations in collective investment securities . Issue through placing or public sale of domestic securities on a non-EC market.

Introduction of domestic securities on a recognized non-EC market. Issue through placing or public sale of securities (non-EC) on the domestic market. Introduction of securities (non-EC) on a recognized domestic market.

Operation of deposit accounts . Operation by non-residents of ordinary peseta accounts with resident institutions.

Physical movement of capital assets . Import of means of payment (gold ingots).

C/RM/S/36B Page 38


Operations in real estate . Purchase of real estate by foreign governments, official institutions and public enterprises.

Operations on monet markets . Issue through p acing or public sale of domestic securities and other instruments on a foreign money market.

Issue through placing or public sale of foreign securities and other instruments on the domestic money market. Purchase of money market securities by non-residents (except securities which are traded in organized markets and securities issued by the Spanish Government). Sale of unquoted foreign money market securities by non-residents. lending through other rooney market instruments by non-residents (except through instruments issued by the Spanish Government). Borrowing through other money market instruments by non-residents. Purchase of unquoted foreign money market securities abroad by residents. Sale abroad by residents of domestic securities that are not quoted in the Spanish market. lending and bo~rowing abroad by residents through other money market instruments.

Other o erations in ne otiable instruments and non-securitized claims ssue t roug p acing or pu ic sa e o omestic instruments an claims on a foreign financial market.

Introduction of domestic instruments and claims on a recognized foreign financial market. Issue through placing or public sale of foreign instruments and claims on a domestic financial market (except options and futures). Introduction of foreign instruments and claims on a recognized domestic financial market (except options and futures). Purchase by non-residents (except futures contracts, warrants and options over any liberalized assets). Sale of unquoted foreign instruments and claims by non-residents. Exchange for other assets by non-residents. Purchase abroad by residents (except certain futures contracts, warrants and options over liberalized assets and forward sale agreements to cover interest rate risks between res1oent banks and non-resident banks). Sale abroad by residents of domestic instruments and claims not quoted in the Spanish market. Exchange for other assets abroad by residents.

Credits directly linked with international commercial transactions or w~th the rendering of international services in cases where n~ res~dent artici ates in these transactions

Credits granted by residents to nor-~esidents (except commercia credits granted by banking institutions).

Financial credits and loans Credits and loans above Pts 1,500 million or with an average maturity of less than three years granted by non-residents to residents. Credits and loans granted by residents to non-residents (except those granted by banking institutions).

Operation of deposit accounts . Operation by residents of peseta accounts with non-resident institutions.

Operation by residents of accounts in fore1gn currency with non-resident institutions (except accounts operated by trading enterprises for payments related to balance of payments operations).

Operations in foreign exchange Purchase of foreign currency with domestic currency abroad by residents (except banks). Sale of foreign currency for domestic currency abroad by residents (except banks). Exchange of foreign currencies abroad by residents (except banks).

Personal capital movements Gaming (except winnings in authorized casinos).

(l) lklited Kir!Q(bl

Direct investment Investment in air transport. Investment in certain broadcasting licences by non-EC nationals or enterprises. Investments in the banking and financial services sectors and establishment.of insurance companies of non-EC origin (reciprocity). Acquisition of United Kingdom flag vessels through foreign-based companies. Authorization of mergers and takeovers involving non-EC investors (reciprocity).

Table AI¥.1 Tariff protection by sector. 1998 (Per cent)

Tariff Study category

01.00

01.01 01.02 01.03

02.00

02.01 02.02 02.03

03.00

04.00

05.00

05.01 05.02 05.03 05.04 05.05

06.00

07.00

08.00

08.01 08.02 08.02.01 08.02.02 08.02.03 08.03 08.03.01 08.03.02 08.04

09.00

10.00

10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.5 10.06

Raw hi~es~~-!~l~!~_l~at~~!_!~~_f~!!~~!

Raw hides and furskins Semi-manufactured products Manufactured articles

Rubber

Raw rubber Semi-manufactured products Manufactured articles

Wood and cork -----------E~le~E!E~!_!~~-E~E~!~oa!~

!~!ll~!_!~~-£l£!~l~2

Textile fibre and waste Yarns Fabrics and similar products Made-up articles and related products Clothing and clothing accessories

~l~eral_E!od~£!!_!~d fer!l!l~~!!

Ore!_!~~etal!

Ores and metal waste Iron and steel

Unworked Ferro-alloys Semi-manufactured products

Non-ferrous metals Unwrought metals Non-ferrous metal products Metal manufactures

Coal_!~~~~tu!~l-2~! (excludes 09.03)

Chemicals ------Chemical elements and compounds Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials Medical and pharmaceutical products Plastics Essential oils, perfume materials, soaps Other chemicals

-------Average

Simple

3.1

0 3.7 6.9

3.1

0.2 3.6 4.5

4.4

7.4

10. 1

3.0 7.0

10.9 9.6

13.0

5.2

2.6

5. 1

0 5.4 3.5 4.9 5.6 5.2 1.2 6.2 5.4

2.2

7.3

7.3 7.1 6.0 9.3 5.6 6.1

* Zero rates on certain products destined for use in civil aircraft.

tariffs

C/RM/S/36B Page 39

Weighted Tariff range

2.5 0-10.0

0 0 2.2 0-7.0 7 .1 3.8-10.0

4.0 0-10.0

0 0-3.8 4.2 0-6.2 5.6 0-10.0

2.0 0-10.0

2.7 0-12.5

7.6 0-17.0

0.6 0-10.0 8.2 2.9-9.5

10.8 3-17.0 8.7 3.2-14.0

13.2 0-14.0

4.6 0-13.5

0.6 0-8.5

2.6 0-17.0

0 0 5.5 0-10.0 2.9 0-6.0 6.8 0-8.0* 5.5 0-10.0 1.4 0-10.0 0.3 0-6.0 5.9 0-10.0 6.0 0-17.0

4.0 0-16.0

6.7 0-17.6

5.3 0-17.6 7.6 0-10.0 5.3 0-13.6* 9.9 0-16.0 5.3 0-11.0 6.5 4.6-12.0

(Cont'd)

C/RM/S/36B Page 40

Table AIY.l (Cont'd)


11.00

11. 01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11. 11 11.12 ll-.13

12.00

12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04

13.00

13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04

14.00

15.00

15.01 15.02

16.00

17.00

18.00

18.01 18.02

19.00

20.00

21.00

22.00

Non-electric machinery

Power-generating machinery Agricultural machinery Office machines Metalworking machinery Textile and leather machinery Construction, mining & handling equipment Other machine tools PumJ)'s Heating and cooling equipment Pulp and paper machinery Bookbinding and printing machinery Other machines Parts and accessories

~£!ric~l-~~£bl~~!_an~E~ratu~

Electrical machinery for industry Telecommunications apparatus Tools and other electrical apparatus Electrical equipment and parts

Ir~~~E£r!_!g~~~!

Motor vehicules Aircraft Ships and boats Other transport equipment

E!£f~ s s i on a l.z._~l en !if..!.£_! n d con t I£ll~5! instruments; nhotonranhic annaratus; £Io'Ck s-and wa rthe s &-~--.t:..t:. ____ _

Footwe~!_!nd travel_g£££~

Footwear Travel goods, h~ndbags, etc.

Eho~r~hic and_~~~!~!~bi£~EEll~~

Furniture ------Musl£al_!nstrum~nt~_so~E!_!ecord~£! reproduction !.£paratu_!

Sound recorders and sound recordings Musical instruments

Works of art and collectors' pieces

Firearms, ammunition, tanks and other armoured fighting vehicl~!

Office and stationery SU£Ell!!

Average tariffs Simple Weighted

4.1

4.5 3.6 4.6 4.3 4.2 4. 1 3.8 3.3 3.7 3.9 3.4 4.0 4.7

5.8

4.3 7. 2 4.4 7.2

7.0

9.5 3.7 1.8 5.3

5.4

10.4

11.7 7.0

6.0

5.4

5.7

5.9 5.5

6.7

0

5.0

5.7

4.4

2.6 3.5 4.7 4.6 4.3 5.2 3.4 4.2 4.3 3.8 3.2 4.1 5.8

8.3

5.4 8.8 4.9

10.6

7.3

9.4 0.5 0.5

10.0

6.5

11.1

13.5 6.1

6.4

5.5

7.3

7.5 5.8

6.8

0

5.7

6.0

* Zero rates on certain products destined for use in civil aircraft.

Tariff range

* 0-12.0

* 0-10.0 3.5-4.1*

0-12.0 2.2-5.3 3.2-5.8

0-6.5 2.9-5.8*

0-5.3* 0-5.6

3.8-4.1 2.2-4.5*

0-6.2* 0-9.0

* 0-15.0

* 0-8.5* 0-14.0* 0-6.0*

0-15.0

0-22.0

4.4-22.0 0-15.0 0-4.9

3.8-17.0

0-11. 0

4.6-20.0

4.6-20.0 5.1-12.0

0-7.6

0-7.0

0-14.0

0-14.0 4.9-7.5

0-10.5

0

0-6.7

3.8-7.2

*

(Cont'd)

Table AIY.l (Cont'd)


23.00

24.00

24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.05.01 24.05.02 24.05.03 24.06 24.07

27.00

27.01 27.01.01 27.01.02 27.01.03 27.02

28.00

29.00

31.00

31.01 31.01.01 31.01.02 31.01.03 31.02

32.00

32.01 32.02

97.00

99.00

99.01 99.02 99.03

Manufactured articles n.e.s

Foodstuffs

Fruit and edible nuts, fresh or dried Fruit, prepared or preserved (except dried) Vegetables, fresh or dried Vegetables, prepared or preserved Coffee, tea and mate

Coffee Tea and mate Coffee and tea extracts

Spices Cocoa and cocoa preparations

Oilseeds, fats and oils and their products

Vegetable oils and seeds; oilcake Oilseeds and oleaginous fruit Vegetable oils Oilcake and other residues

Other fats, oils waxes and products

Cut flowers, plants, vegetable materials

Beverages and spirits

Fish, shellfish and products

Fish Fish, fresh, chilled or frozen Fish, salted, in brine, or dried Fish, prepared or preserved

Crustaceans

To b.!£££

Unmanufactured tobacco Manufactured tobacco

Petroleum

All industrial products (excl. petroleum)

Raw materials (excl. petroleum) Semi-manufactured manufactures Finished manufactures (excl. petroleum)

Average tariffs

C/RM/S/368 Page 41

Simple Weighted Tariff range

6.4

14.5

10.0 22.8 10.5 17.6 11.8 13.7 2.0

17 .1 8.5

12.2

6.9

6.5 0.2

10.4 0.0 7.8

8.4

21.5

12.2

12.3 11. 1 13.3 20.1 11.8

26.4

12.9 66.6

3.1

6.4

1.1 7.1 6.5

6.4

9.8

7.6 19.0

6.2 18.7 5.2 7.0 1.4

15.6 9.1 6.5

0.3

0.2 0.0 9.8 0.0 1.3

4.4

14.3

10.3

10.1 8.7

12.9 11.6 10.7

9.4

8.5 30.9

0.5

5.6

1.2 5.1 6.5

0-11.0

0-30.0

0-20.0 0-30.0 0-20.0 0-24.0 0-18.0

5.0-18.0 0-5.0

12.0-18.0 0-25.0

3.0-16.0

0-ULO

0-15.0 0-7.0

0-15.0 0

0-18.0

0-24.0

0-Z4.0

0-30.0

0-30.0 0-22.0

8.0-16.0 5.5-30.0

0-26.0

26.0-117.0

26.0-117.0

0-7.0

Note: Weighted average tariffs were calculated using as weights the 1988 imports (under ad valorem tariffs) from m.f.n.-treated countries. Tariff ranges refer to the range of conventional tariffs.

Source: GATT Tariff Study.

C/RM/S/36B Page 42

Table AIY.2 Main trade regulations (EEC). •id-1992

Product coverage Country coverage

(A) Council Regulation No. 288/82 (common rules for imports)

All products, except agricultural products under a common market organisation and textiles (MFA categories)

(B) Council Regulation No. 1765/82

All products

(C) Council Regulation No. 1766/82

All products

All sources, except State trading countries

(common rules for imports from

State trading countries, except China

(common rules for imports from

China

Areas of application

Import surveillance (retrospective or ex ante) Safeguard actions Import quotal at national and EC level

State-trading countries)

Import surveillance and safeguard actions on liberalized products

China)

See above

(D) Council Regulation No. 3420/83 (import arrangements for non-liberalized imports from State-trading countries)

All products State trading countries, National residual quotas including China

(E) Council Regulation No. 1023/70b (common procedures for quota administration)

All products, except agricultural products under a common market organisation

(F) Council Regulation No. 2641/84

All products

(G) Council Regulation No. 2603/69

All products

All countries

(New Commercial Policy Instrument)

All countries

(common rules for exports)

All destinations

a There are at present no Community quotas. b The regulation is not currently applied.


Procedures for the establishment and administration of import and export quotas

Response to illicit commercial practices

Similar to Regulation No. 288/82

C/RM/S/36B Page 43

Table AIV.3 Duration of EC anti-du•ping investigations. July 1986 to June 1991 (Number of investigations)

Total Duration of investigations in months Outstanding Period number of

initiations 0-12 13-14 15-16 17-18 19-20 21-22 23-24 25-36 37-48

7.86- 6.87 27 14 3 4 2 3

7.87- 6.88 40 2 5 21 4 3 3

7.88- 6.89 43 3 17 13 4 4 1

7.89- 6.90 37 7 2 6 2 4 12 3

7.90- 6.91 . 22 3 2 2 13

Total 169 29 6 30 42 13 11 15 4 19

Source: EC Coomission.

TA

ble

Al¥

.4

EC

-tnt

ernA

l n

ott

ftca

tto

na

of

dra

ft t

ech

nic

al

reg

ula

tio

ns

on t

he

bas

is o

f C

ounc

il

Dir

ecti

ve

lo.

83

/18

9.

1 Ja

nuar

y 19

90 t

o 3

0 Ju

ne 1

99Z

(N

umbe

r o

f ca

ses)

----

----

--G

erm

any

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

F

ranc

e It

aly

N

ethe

rlan

ds

Den

mar

k B

elgi

um

Por

tuga

l S

pain

G

reec

e Ir

elan

d

luxe

mbo

urg

Tot

al

---·

----

·---

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

---

No

tifi

cati

on

s a C

omm

ents

M

embe

r S

tate

s C

omm

issi

on

Dit

aile

d o

pin

ion

s M

embe

r S

tate

s C

omm

issi

on

Inte

nti

on

of

EC

Dir

ecti

ve

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

-22

1 72

72

92

89

39

19

5 83

57

21

53

1

181

79

100

33

57

10

73

35

25

17

30

1 67

42

33

17

16

6

61

24

17

15

24

5 52

19

12

10

12

5

48

25

27

9 22

3

45

18

25

14

16

4 39

27

14

10

15

5

18

5 3

1 12

2

8 7

1 2

0 0

1,00

8 43

6 38

6 24

1 33

6 82

a F

igu

res

con

tain

th

e to

tal

num

ber

of c

omm

ents

o

r o

f d

etai

led

op

inio

ns

put

forw

ard

by

the

ind

ivid

ual

m

embe

r S

tate

s.

Sou

rce:

EC

C

omm

issi

on.

Table A¥.1

C/RM/S/36B Page 45

Ca..unity expenditure on agriculture by ~er State8• 1986 and 1991

(Million ECU and ECU)

Total (Million ECU)

1986 1991

Belgium 995 1,499 Ireland 1,293 1,900 Netherlands 2,300 2,700 Denmark 1,089 1,238 Germany 4,504 5,435 France 5,656 6,820 United Kingdom 2,091 2,502 Italy 3,223 5,680 Spain 358 3,828 Greece 1,527 2,485 Luxembourg 4 10 Portugal 64 629

Total EC 23 ,1 09 34,794

a Guarantee and guidance expenditure under the European b Persons employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing

workers).

So~: GATT Secretariat, based on EC Commission data.

Per inhabitant Per farm workerb (ECU) (ECU)

1986 1991 1991

101 150 15,140 365 540 12,340 158 180 9,220 213 240 8,200

74 85 5,860 102 120 5,430

37 36 4,470 56 100 3,120 9 100 2,850

153 240 2,800 10 25 1,580 6 65 740

72 105 4,170

Agricultural Guidance and guarantee fund. (including self-employed and unpaid family

C/RM/S/'36B Page 46

Table A¥.2 European Ca..unities (EClO) i.,orts of ten .. jor agricultural products ( .. inly food). 1979. 1988 awd 1990 (Million ECU)

Coffee, not roasted; coffee husks and skins Soybeans Oilcake and other residues of soybeans Bananas, fresh or dried Crustaceans and molluscs, fresh, chilled or frozen Fish, fresh or chilled (excluding fillets) Cocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or roasted Fish, preserved or ~repared, n.e.s. (including caviar

and substitutes) · Fresh vegetables other than potatoes, leguminous vegetables,

tomatoes, alliaceous vegetables

Memorandum: Total food imports (SITC 0,1,22 and 4)

Note: Figures calculated at five-digit SITC, Revision 2.

Source: UN Comtrade data base.

1979

3,568 2,445 1,107

595 300 190

1,290

334

218

29,945

1988 1990

3,621 2,422 2,253 1,933 1,838 1,513 1,284 1,432 1,150 1,233

776 1,015 1,102 937

751 869

707 855

39,337 40,727

Table AV.3

C/RM/S/36B Page 47

Arrange.ents governing EC i•ports of certain cereal substitutes. •id-1992.

Exporter Maximum quantities EC legal base

----------------------------------------------------------------------

(a) Thai land

(b) Indonesia

(c) Other GATT contracting parties (including ACP countries)

(d) China

(e) Other non-GATT contracting parties (mainly Vietnam)

Sw~~ato~~

(f) China

(g) Other sources

(h) All GATT contracting parties (mainly Argentina)

21 million tonnes during 1991-94 and no more than 5.75 million in each if the first three years

825,000 tsnnes per year (1990-92)

145,000 tsnnes per year (1990-92)

350,000 tennes per year (1991-92)

30,000 per year for animal consumption; 2,000 tonnes for human consumption (1991-92)

600,000 tannes per year (1991-92)

5,000 tonnes per year (1991-92)

550,000 tonnes per yeard

Council Regulation No. 3842/89


see (b)

see (a)

see (b)


see (f)


a Arrangement negotiated prior to Thailand's accession to the GATT. b Negotiated pursuant to Article XXVIII of GATT. c Arrangement concluded in the context of the cooperation agreement with China. d Negotiated under GATT Article XXIV:6 following the accession of Spain and Portugal.

So~: EC Commission.

C/RM/S/36B Page 48

Table A¥.4 Bilateral fisheries agree.ents, end-1991

Type of Agreement

Reciprocal agreements

Agreements based on access to resources/markets

Agreements based on access to surplus

Agreements based on financial compensation

Agreements based on access to the market with financial compensation

Total

----------------------Partner

Norway Sweden Farces b Finland

Canada

United States

Angola Cape Verde Comoros Cote d'Ivoire Dominica Gambia Guinea Guinea Bissau Equatorial Guinea Mauritius Madagascar Mauritania Mozambique Sao Tome and Principe Seychelles Senegal Sierra Leone Tanzania Gabon

Greenland Morocco

Duration

(Month/Year)

06/81 to 06/97 04/81 to 04/97 03/81 to 03/97 01/84 to 01/94

01/82 to 12/87c

11/84 to 06/9lb

05/90 to 05/92 09/91 to 09/94 07/91 to 07/94 01/91 to Ol/94e

3 years 07/91 to 06/93 01/90 to 12/91 06/91 to 06/93 06/89 to 06/92 12/90 to 11/93 05/89 to 05/92 08/90 to 07/93 01/90 to 12/91 06/90 to 05/93 01/90 to 01/93 05/90 to ~:~;~: 2

3 ~=:~~e 3

01/90 to 12/94 c~;ae to 02/92

Financial compensation

(per year) (ECU mill;on}

a

8.985 0.870 0.485 2.366 0.458 1. 385 3.750 6.700 2.388 0.650 1. 266 9.670 2.925 0.725 3.300

15.000 2.825 0.560 3.050

34.250f 70.375

171.983

a Since 1980, the Community has paid annual compensation to contribute to the costs of salmon breeding in Sweden (ECU 765,000 in 1991).

b Agreement in force but not applied. c An exchange of letters setting the Community f1shing rights and the amount of financial

compensation from the Community expired on 31.12.1987 and has not been renewed. A framework agreement of limited duration is still in force.

d Procedure for retroactive extension from 1.7.1991 to 31.12.1994 is underway. Various obligations required from EC shipowners.

e Not in force. f A further ECU 2.237 million was paid for fishing rights in 1990 additional to those agreed in

advance.


Tables AV.S(i) - {xii)

E.ploy.ent, production and trade by sector, 1989/90/91

C/RM/S/368 Page 49

The following tables give an overview of the sectoral structure of employment, production and trade in the EC as a whole and individual member States. The presentation is based on the International Standard Industrial Classification (!SIC, Rev. 2), complemented by Eurostat data concerning agriculture and services. Trade information, originally recorded on a product basis (SITC), has been allocated to the corresponding sector of economic activity. This necessarily involves certain assumptions and estimates.

Import penetration ratios have been established by relating imports to total domestic consumption (estimated as production plus total imports less total exports). In some smaller member States, the ratios tend to be

·upward biased depending on the share of transit trade and processing activities for reexports. Similarly, intra-firm trade between member States, for example of aircraft components between Germany and France (Airbus Ind.), may have led to a considerable amount of double-counting in certain sectors.

~n

Pl

.........

Tab

le A

V.S

()

Q ~

CD

(i)

Eur

opea

n to

.mu

nit

ies

-........

.. V

ttll

o-.

....... w

E~loyment

Pro

duct

ion

Val

ue a

dded

E

xpor

ts

l~orts

I~ort

pene

trat

ion

0'\

t:J

:j 19

90

1990

19

90

'199

1 19

91

1990

Pror

fuct

I S

IC

(mil

lion

s)

(US$

bn

) (U

S$

bn)

Shar

e of

T

otal

E

xtra

EC

Tot

al

Ext

ra E

C In

tra

EC

Ext

ra E

C GO

P (%

) (U

S$

bn)

(US$

bn

) (%

)

Agr

icul

ture

, fo

rest

ry a

nd

fish

ing

1 8

.8

332.

2 16

7.6

2.8

50.9

a 10

.8a

67.2

a 26

.3a

13.1

7.

4 M

inin

g an

d qu

arry

ing

2 0.

6 53

.6

30.8

0.

5 14

.0

6.7

71.8

54

.4

15.6

48

.9

Man

ufac

turi

ng,

of w

hich

3

24.0

3,

596.

0 1,

470.

0 24

.4

1,24

9.2

488.

5 1,

285.

0 52

6.9

20.1

14

.6

Food

pro

duct

s 31

1 2.

1 46

8.9

122.

0 2.

0 85

.5

22.8

86

.8

23.2

12

.5

4.9

Bev

erag

es a

nd

toba

cco

313,

4 0.

4 10

7.J

56.8

0.

9 24

.0

10.0

14

.8

1.0

13.0

1.

0 T

exti

les

321

1.3

127.

5 50

.0

0.8

65 .

l 22

.3

71.7

26

.8

32.4

20

.5

Clo

thin

g 32

2 0.

9 65

.6

26.7

0.

4 24

.2

8.6

36.4

22

.0

14.2

29

.5

Lea

ther

and

foo

twea

r 32

3,4

0.4

35.A

12

.6

0.2

20 4

8.

5 21

.7

10.2

29

.9

28.7

F

urni

ture

and

woo

d pr

oduc

ts

33

1.0

106.

7 42

.2

0.7

27.1

8.

8 34

.7

16.3

15

.9

14.3

P

aper

and

pri

nti

ng

34

1.

6 22

5.4

100.

7 1.

7 3R

.1

11.9

52

.1

25.5

11

.5

10.6

C

hem

ical

s,

of

whi

ch:

35

1.8

393.

2 17

1.6

2.8

172.

4 71

.5

175.

7 60

.5

22.0

16

.2

Bas

ic

ind

ust

rial

ch

emic

als

3511

0.

6 13

4.3

49.0

0.

8 7

7.5

27

.7

83.6

25

.4

33.4

17

.3

Fer

tili

sers

35

12

0.1

32.0

11

.1

0.2

HL

l 8.

6 17

.9

4.5

34.9

14

.0

Pha

rmac

euti

cals

35

22

0.4

71

.5

27.4

0.

5 22

.4

12.5

15

.4

5.9

14.7

9.

2 P

etro

leum

and

coa

l pr

oduc

ts

353,

4 0.

1 17

1.7

48.2

0.

8 37

.7

15.7

94

.3

72.6

10

.9

31.5

R

ubbe

r pr

oduc

ts

355

0.4

36.1

17

.9

0.3

13

.2

3.9

12.4

3.

0 24

.6

8.7

Pla

stic

pro

duct

s 35

6 0.

8 10

2.4

43.5

0.

7 lf

j .4

4.8

15.6

4.

0 10

.2

4.0

G

lass

and

oth

er m

iner

al

prod

ucts

36

1.

1 13

4.8

68.6

1.

1 27

.1

10.5

21

.6

4.8

12.5

3.

7 Ir

on a

nd

stee

l 37

1 1.

0 16

1.7

53.J

0.

9 50

.6

18.1

43

.6

10.9

23

.1

7.0

Non

-fer

rous

met

al

ind

ust

ries

37

2. 0.

3 75

.9

IJ'i.

O

0.4

2~

7 8.

0 35

.5

17.4

25

.5

20.0

M

etal

pr

oduc

ts

381

1.9

201

.. 1

%.9

1.

6 5U

.. 1

22.9

50

.8

15.6

16

.8

8.1

Mac

hine

ry,

of

whi

ch

382,

3 5.

5 67

2.9

.l37

.9

5.6

29?

2 13

0.6

284.

7 12

7.1

22.8

19

.2

Met

al,

woo

dwor

king

& sp

ec.

ind.

m

achi

nery

38

23,4

1.

3 15

0.0

60.6

1.

0 8S

.2

46.7

59

.0

21.5

30

.3

17.4

O

ffic

e an

d co

mpu

ting

3825

0.

3 5B

.7

?0.8

0.

3 4r

l .. 6

13.3

62

.8

32.1

31

.6

43.2

E

lect

rica

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m)

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icat

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8

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E

xpor

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rts

Impo

rt pe

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atio

n 19

90

1990

19

90

1991

19

91

1990

Pro

duct

IS

IC

(tho

usan

ds)

(US$

mil

lion

) (U

S$ m

n)

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EC

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al··

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(%)

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xpor

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1!11

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port

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ion

"' 19

90

1990

19

90

1991

19

91

1990

b

'

Prod

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ISIC

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ands

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S$ m

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on)

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584

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d.

mac

hine

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E

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3831

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19

90

1990

19

91

1991

19

90

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6 67

6.2

251.

7 21

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194.

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206.

1 81

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18.6

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Rub

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25.0

5.

4 P

last

ic p

rodu

cts

356

108.

6 17

.7

6.3

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2.1

0.5

2.8

0.6

12.4

2.

7 G

lass

and

oth

er m

iner

al

prod

ucts

36

16

9.4

24.6

12

.0

1.0

4.0

1.5

3.9

0.5

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on a

nd s

teel

37

1 18

0.3

29.9

8.

3 0.

7 8.

8 2.

8 7.

1 1.

1 23

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4.5

Non

-fer

rous

met

al

indu

stri

es

372

49.0

18

.3

6.2

0.5

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1.0

5.9

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19.1

13

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Met

a 1 p

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cts

381

332.

0 37

.9

17.4

1.

5 8.

0 3.

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4 1.

9 19

.5

5.1

Mac

hine

ry,

of w

hich

38

2,3

862.

9 11

8.3

49.2

4.

1 39

.8

15.8

45

.7

20.5

20

.6

16.3

M

etal

. w

oodw

orki

ng &

spec

. in

d. m

achi

nery

38

23,4

16

5.7

19.3

8.

1 0.

7 9.

4 4.

7 11

.1

2.7

39.9

12

.9

Off

ice

and

com

putin

g 38

25

58.1

12

.7

6.2

0.5

6.2

2.0

9.9

3.7

37.8

22

.7

Ele

ctri

cal

mac

hine

ry

(exc

l.

tele

com

) 38

31,3

,9

207.

3 21

.6

12.1

1.

0 10

.3

4.4

10.6

3.

1 34

.4

14.2

R

adio

, te

leco

mm

unic

atio

n 38

32

222.

2 32

.0

10.0

0.

8 9.

2 4.

3 12

.3

5.6

19.2

15

.9

Tra

nspo

rt e

quip

men

t, of

whi

ch:

384

519.

2 85

.8

28.5

2.

4 40

.7

18.0

31

.4

11.5

26

.9

11.1

S

hipb

uild

ing

3841

20

.0

2.6

0.8

0.1

1.8

0.8

1.0

0.2

40.0

13

.4

Mot

or v

ehic

les

3843

34

3.0

80.0

19

.3

1.6

26.6

6.

0 23

.6

2.4

27.6

3.

1 A

ircr

aft

3845

10

7.6

15.3

5.

6 0.

5 20

.0

9.8

16.2

6.

5 84

.9

56.2

P

rofe

ssio

nal

& sc

ien

tifi

c eq

uipm

ent

385

62.0

7.

7 4.

2 0.

4 6.

1 2.

7 7.

9 4.

5 36

.2

45.7

S

ervi

ces

4-9

16,0

82.0

1,

284.

0 83

0.6

69.6

21

2:9c

78

:7c

23o:

3c

96:2

c '"

tiC

) T

otal

ec

onom

y 1-

9 22

,140

.0

2,09

2.8

1,19

3.8

100.

0 P

J'-.

O

:?i '

1990

dat

a.

VI

til

a W

'-.

b A

ll da

ta r

efer

to

198

9.

w

Tra

de

in g

oods

. "'

c "'

~0

"''

Tab

le A

V.S

(Con

t'd)

0:~

(v)

Ge .

....

y .....

.... \.1

'1 V

l .P

.'-~

Empl

oym

ent a

Pr

oduc

tiona

Va

1 ue

adde

da

Exp

orts

Im

ports

Im

port

pene

trat

iona

0

'\

tl'

1990

19

90

1990

19

91

1991

19

90

Prod

uct

I SIC

(t

hous

ands

) (U

S$ b

n)

(US$

bn)

Sh

are

of

Tot

al

Ext

ra E

C T

otal

E

xtra

EC

Intr

a EC

E

xtra

EC

GDP

(%)

(US$

bn)

(U

S$ b

n)

(%)

Agr

icul

ture

, forestr~ an

d fi

shin

g 1

950.

0 48

.1

23.1

1.

5 4.

8b

1.8b

20

.1b

8.7b

18

.0

13.7

M

inin

g an

d qu

arry

ing

2 21

5.0

19.6

9.

0 0.

6 1.

5 0.

3 13

.2

9.1

12.9

29

.1

Man

ufac

turi

ng,

of w

hich

3

6,96

7.6

1,10

5.2

546.

2 36

.6

383.

3 17

4.3

349.

6 16

4.7

15.8

13

.9

Food

pro

duct

s 31

1 36

0.2

95.7

25

.8

1.7

15.6

4.

6 19

.9

5.7

12.9

5.

2 B

ever

ages

and

tob

acco

31

3,4

101.

0 37

.7

25.2

1.

7 2.

6 0.

9 3.

4 0.

3 6.

8 0.

8 T

exti

les

321

241.

2 27

.3

12.5

0.

8 16

.5

7.5

21.9

10

.4

35.6

28

.7

Clo

thin

g 32

2 14

4.7

13.5

5.

4 0.

4 5.

6 2.

3 15

.1

11.1

17

.5

43.9

le

athe

r an

d fo

otw

ear

323,

4 52

.2

5.8

2.2

0.1

2.7

1.5

7.3

3.4

38.4

27

.3

Fur

nitu

re a

nd ~od pr

oduc

ts

33

244.

9 30

.2

13.5

0.

9 7.

1 3.

2 10

.3

5.4

12.3

15

.1

Pape

r an

d pr

inti

ng

34

322.

3 50

.0

23.4

1.

6 12

.3

4.7

12.6

7.

7 9.

2 15

.6

Che

mic

als,

of

whi

ch:

35

585.

0 12

5.1

70.7

4.

7 63

.1

29.6

64

.5

28.5

19

.7

9.7

Bas

ic

indu

stri

al c

hem

ical

s 35

11

295.

3 65

.5

24.3

1.

6 22

.6

11.0

13

.5

4.9

15.2

8.

7 F

erti

lise

rs

3512

..

. .

2.3

1.1

1.5

0.6

. .

Pha

nnac

euti

cals

35

22

99.1

15

.5

6.7

0.4

7.5

4.6

4.7

2.2

19.7

17

.3

Petr

oleu

m a

nd c

oal

prod

ucts

35

3,4

24.4

53

.2

20.5

1.

4 3.

6 2.

3 24

.3

14.7

13

.1

18.1

R

ubbe

r pr

oduc

ts

355

100.

6 10

.4

5.8

0.4

3.5

1.3

3.5

1.1

21.6

9.

8 P

last

ic p

rodu

cts

356

274.

2 34

.6

17.4

1.

2 5.

2 2.

0 3.

9 1.

4 6.

4 3.

4 G

lass

and

oth

er m

iner

al

prod

ucts

36

24

5.8

30.8

17

.9

1.2

6.4

2.8

6.1

1.8

12.3

4.

4 Ir

on a

nd s

teel

37

1 24

7.5

41.3

18

.9

1.3

14.7

6.

3 12

.3

4.3

21.5

11

.0

Non

-fer

rous

met

al

indu

stri

es

372

101.

8 23

.2

9.2

0.6

7.7

3.0

10.6

6.

1 19

.1

23.7

M

etal

pr

oduc

ts

381

650.

6 75

.6

39.4

2.

6 20

.8

9.5

13.7

6.

1 9.

0 7.

1 M

achi

nery

, of

whi

ch

382,

3 2,

127.

0 26

8.9

159.

2 10

.7

107.

6 55

.8

76.6

43

.7

12.7

16

.4

Met

al,

woo

dwor

king

& s

pec.

in

d. m

achi

nery

38

23,4

61

6.3

70.1

29

.9

2.0

39.1

23

.1

17.1

8.

9 11

.0

18.5

O

ffic

e an

d co

mpu

ting

3825

91

.4

14.6

4.

3 0.

3 8.

8 3.

5 15

.5

9.4

28.6

44

.1

Ele

ctri

cal

mac

hine

ry

(exc

l.

tele

com

) 38

31,3

,9

523.

5 60

.6

26.3

1.

8 27

.4

13.4

15

.5

7.7

16.1

15

.8

Rad

1o,

tele

com

mun

icat

ion

3832

57

7.6

59.3

29

.8

2.0

21.8

9.

4 19

.3

12.2

12

.5

21.4

T

rans

port

equ

ipm

ent,

of w

hich

: 38

4 94

8.2

162.

4 68

.7

4.6

81.8

32

.6

57.4

18

.9

22.7

12

.0

Shi

pbui

ldin

g 38

41

32.2

4.

7 2.

1 0.

1 9.

2 5.

3 4.

2 1.

8 ..

Mot

or v

ehic

les

3843

79

4.1

130.

0 45

.3

3.0

54.8

23

.1

33.1

10

.3

21.1

9.

5 A

ircr

aft

3845

68

.0

8.3

3.8

0.3

11.5

1.

6 14

.5

4.6

87.6

40

.7

Pro

fess

iona

l &

sci

enti

fic

equi

pmen

t 38

5 14

4.0

14.9

7.

8 0.

5 14

.5

7.5

11.8

7.

3 37

.0

60.2

S

ervi

ces

4-9

18,3

30.0

1,

398.

1 91

3.1

61.2

4o

1:ad

1B

4d

387

:9d

185:

sd

Tot

al

econ

omy

1-9

28,4

33.0

2,

829.

5 1,

491.

6 10

0.0

a W

est

Ger

man

y.

b 19

90 d

ata.

c

All

data

ref

er t

o 1

989.

d

Tra

de

in g

oods

.

Tab

le A

V.S

(Con

t'd)

(vi)

G

reec

e

Empl

oym

ent

Pro

duct

ion

Val

ue a

dded

E

xpor

ts

Impo

rts

Impo

rt pe

netr

atio

n 19

90

1990

19

90

1991

19

91

1990

Prod

uct

ISIC

(t

hous

ands

) (U

S$ m

i 11

ion)

(U

S$m

n)

Shar

e of

T

otal

E

xtra

EC

Tot

al

Ext

ra E

C In

tra

EC

Ext

ra E

C GO

P (%

) (U

S$ m

ill i

on)

(US$

mil

lion

) (%

)

Agr

icul

ture

, forestr~ an

d fi

shin

g 1

875.

8 18

,000

9,

145

13.8

2,

874a

91

3a

3,71

7a

1,15

4a

13.6

6.

1 M

inin

g an

d qu

arry

ing

2 18

.7

700

500

0.8

200

100

900

900

0.0

64.3

M

anuf

actu

ring

, o

f w

hich

3

434.

7 35

,012

10

,324

15

.6

6,61

6 2,

543

20,0

91

7,71

3 25

.8

13.3

Fo

od p

rodu

cts

311

73.5

6,

994

1,54

8 2.

4 1,

096

356

1,98

7 26

9 22

.5

3.9

Bev

erag

es a

nd

toba

cco

313,

4 21

.7

2,96

6 66

1 1.

1 14

8 73

30

0 23

11

.1

0.4

Tex

ti 1 e

s 32

1 63

.4

3,80

4 1,

530

2.3

1,56

6 32

8 1,

453

298

32.1

7.

7 C

loth

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322

36.8

2,

017

661

1.1

740

164

298

56

13.7

2.

6 L

eath

er a

nd f

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ear

323,

4 16

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626

224

0.3

120

42

403

120

25.0

11

.4

Fur

nitu

re a

nd w

ood

prod

ucts

33

23

.6

1,20

3 46

8 0.

8 52

37

42

7 24

7 12

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12.5

Pa

per

and

pri

nti

ng

34

21

.1

1,31

8 47

4 0.

8 78

56

69

8 39

3 15

.8

21.1

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hem

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s,

of w

hich

: 35

1,2

23.6

2,

749

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1.4

376

195

2,23

6 54

4 37

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ind

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ch

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3511

F e

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s 35

12

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mac

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ca 1

s 35

22

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m a

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prod

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35

3,4

4.9

3,75

7 32

9 0.

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3 55

8 1,

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1,87

8 2.

9 28

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Rub

ber

prod

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35

5 3.

2 43

4 14

5 0.

2 27

10

16

3 52

20

.6

8.4

Pla

stic

pro

duct

s 35

6 10

.9

901

307

0.5

57

22

187

37

13.4

3.

5 G

lass

and

oth

er m

iner

al

prod

ucts

36

30

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2,00

8 75

8 1.

2 33

8 17

4 37

9 76

15

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1.2

Iro~

r an

d st

eel

371

6.6

1,26

6 29

4 0.

5 32

5 11

9 79

3 25

0 29

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16.7

N

on-f

erro

us m

etal

in

dust

ries

37

2 5.

6 93

5 24

7 0.

5 36

7 97

32

2 20

4 18

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21.2

M

etal

pr

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ts

381

30.9

1,

549

545

0.9

138

96

656

157

26.5

6.

4 M

achi

nery

, of

whi

ch:

382,

3 29

.3

1,64

0 57

7 0.

9 28

9 14

9 1.

943

957

51.1

20

.0

Met

al.

woo

dwor

king

& sp

ec.

ind.

mac

hine

ry

3823

,4

Off

ice

and

com

putin

g 38

25

Ele

ctri

cal

mac

hine

ry

(exc

l.

tele

com

) 38

31,3

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Rad

io.

tele

com

mun

icat

ion

3832

T

rans

port

equ

ipm

ent,

of w

hich

: 38

4 27

.6

1,07

4 52

8 0.

8 79

39

3,

868

1.83

1 44

.0

29.8

S

hipb

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3841

M

otor

veh

icle

s 38

43

Air

craf

t 38

45

.. P

rofe

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and

scie

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fic

equi

pmen

t 38

5 0.

9 35

0.

0 25

11

51

4 18

2 64

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31.9

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4-9

1.95

2.1

37.1

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56.3

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21

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c 8,

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tS()

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1-9

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100.

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xpor

ts

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rts

Impo

rt

pene

trat

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0\

b1

1990

19

90

1990

19

91

1991

19

90

Pro

duct

IS

IC

(tho

usan

ds)

(US$

mil

lion

) (U

S$ m

n)

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e of

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otal

E

xtra

EC

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al

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ra E

C In

tra

EC

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C GO

P (%

) (U

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(US$

'mi 1

1 io

n)

(%)

Ag

ricu

ltu

re,

fore

stry

and

fi

shin

g

1 16

5.2

5,35

9 3,

301

7.7

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132

642

158

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ing

and

quar

ryin

g b

2 12

0.0

200

0 50

0 20

0 M

anuf

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whi

ch

3 19

3.4

35,5

00

15,7

00

36.9

22

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5,

684

19,0

74

6,43

9 39

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19.9

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311

36.5

10

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7.3

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6 89

7 1,

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264

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ever

ages

and

to

bacc

o 31

3,4

6.1

1,52

2 94

8 2.

3 59

7 19

1 27

7 16

16

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0.8

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tile

s 32

1 13

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995

382

0.9

937

102

1,04

0 24

9 69

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21.4

C

loth

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322

9.8

390

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222

29

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1.7

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33

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22

387

152

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34

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95

2 29

2 38

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: 35

1,2

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432

2,43

2 5.

6 4,

511

1,67

4 2,

723

702

70.4

28

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Bas

ic

ind

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rial

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als

3511

2.

2 60

2 2,

552

989

1,44

1 43

1 F

erti

lise

rs

3512

1.

3 23

1 49

5 14

1 46

3 14

5 15

9.7

72.9

P

harm

aceu

tica

ls

3522

5.

4 1,

874

1,06

9 36

8 42

3 45

30

.8

3.7

Pet

role

um r

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erie

s an

d pe

trol

eum

pro

duct

s 35

3,4

0.4

298

0.0

101

8 96

0 32

5 73

.6

11.6

R

ubbe

r pr

oduc

ts

355

2.0

243

123

0.2

201

36

141

37

49.4

17

.9

Pla

stic

pro

duct

s 35

6 6.

6 73

5 31

4 0.

7 25

7 32

43

1 59

40

.6

5.7

Gla

ss a

nd o

ther

min

eral

pr

oduc

ts

36

11.3

1,

651

854

2.1

275

107

342

42

17.6

2.

5 Ir

on a

nd

stee

l 37

1 1

.5

264

121

0.2

136

11

371

50

70.6

10

.2

Non

··fer

rous

met

al

ind

ust

ries

37

2 0.

1 60

13

0.

0 98

8

300

50

96.4

16

.6

Met

al

rrod

ucts

38

1 12

.8

1,08

9 48

1 1.

2 56

3 10

6 83

2 14

0 52

.0

9.7

Mac

hine

ry,

of w

hich

38

2,3

36.6

9,

247

4,68

6 11

.0

7,73

1 1,

890

5,51

2 2,

680

41.2

38

.0

Met

al,

woo

dwor

king

&

spec

. in

d.

mac

hine

ry

3823

,4

0 O

ffic

e an

d co

mpu

ting

3825

7.

0 3,

463

0 6

'122

1'

111

2,

857

1,82

7 51

8.5

919.

8 E

lect

r1ca

l m

achi

nery

(e

xcl.

te

leco

m)

3831

,3,9

18

.0

1,87

7 0

3,29

0 57

1 2,

709

899

139.

7 69

.3

Rad

io,

tele

conm

un1c

atio

n 38

32

0 T

rans

port

equ

ipm

ent,

of w

h1ch

: 38

4 8

.0

629

330

0.7

525

173

1,66

2 82

5 47

.7

44.4

Sh

ipbu

1ld1

ng

3841

M

otor

ve

hicl

es

3843

1.

0 11

2 0

213

0 1,

532

476

A1r

craf

t 38

45

0 0

108

0 1,

065

665

Pro

fess

iona

l &

scie

nti

fic

equi

pmen

t 38

5 8.

5 1,

021

631

1.4

995

307

552

258

45.4

38

.7

Ser

vice

s 4-

9 63

1 37

,499

22

,397

52

.6

Tot

al

econ

omy

1-9

1,11

3 79

,949

42

,600

10

0.0

24,2

40

6,18

0 20

,750

7,

152

a 19

90 d

ata.

b

All

data

ref

er t

o 1

989.

c

Tra

de

in g

oods

.

Tab

le A

¥.5

(Con

t'd)

(vt i

i)

Italy

E~lo}111ent

Prod

uctio

n V

alue

add

ed

Exp

orts

ln

.,ort

s Im

port

pene

trat

ion

1990

19

90

1990

19

91

1991

19

90

Prod

uct

I SIC

(t

hous

ands

) (U

S$ b

n)

(US$

bn)

Sh

are

of

Tot

al

Ext

ra E

C T

otal

E

xtra

EC

Intr

a EC

E

xtra

EC

GOP

(%)

(US$

bn)

(U

S$

bn

) (%

)

Agr

icul

ture

. fo

rest

rK a

nd f

ishi

ng

1 2.

230.

8 57

.4

34.4

3.

1 4.

0a

0.8a

6.

6a

2.1a

12

.5

5.9

Min

ing

and

quar

ryin

g 2

22.3

2.

9 1.

9 0.

2 0.

5 0.

3 12

.6

6.3

4.5

79.3

M

anuf

actu

ring

, of

whi

ch

3 2,

849.

9 48

3.1

154.

2 14

.1

163.

2 67

.1

156.

8 60

.8

19.9

12

.9

Food

pro

duct

s 31

1 14

5.3

49.5

8.

2 0.

8 6.

4 2.

4 13

.9

3.0

17.8

5.

3 B

ever

ages

and

tob

acco

31

3,4

61.5

9.

3 4.

0 0.

4 1.

9 0.

7 1.

8 0.

1 18

.5

0.0

Tex

tile

s 32

1 21

8.5

33.7

11

.2

1.0

15.0

4.

7 8.

1 3.

5 18

.1

12.9

C

loth

ing

322

161.

5 16

.2

5.3

0.5

6.5

2.9

2.4

1.4

7.9

8.8

leat

her

and

foo

twea

r 32

3.4

107.

9 12

.8

3.6

0.3

9.5

4.1

2.6

1.8

14.0

38

.0

Fur

nitu

re a

nd w

ood

prod

ucts

33

10

5.3

16.8

4.

7 0.

4 6.

5 2.

3 3.

3 2.

4 6.

0 17

.9

Pape

r an

d p

rin

tin

g

34

141.

5 27

.8

9.9

0.9

3.4

1.0

4.5

2.6

7.1

9.5

Che

mic

als,

of

whi

ch:

351,

2 21

3.8

53.5

15

.9

1.5

11.0

5.

0 20

.3

5.7

23.4

8.

7 B

asic

in

dust

rial

che

mic

als

3511

71

.9

20.5

5.

9 0.

5 6.

4 3.

0 15

.3

4.7

36.2

15

.9

Fer

tili

sers

35

12

17.2

3.

5 1.

3 0.

1 1.

7 1.

9 2.

7 0.

6 46

.1

14.1

P

harm

aceu

tica

ls

3522

65

.4

13.8

5.

2 0.

5 1.

5 0.

9 2.

4 1.

2 8.

4 8.

0 Pe

trol

eum

and

coa

l pr

oduc

ts

353,

4 21

.9

24.9

2.

0 0.

2 3.

3 1.

9 15

.5

14.3

3.

8 40

.8

Rub

ber

prod

ucts

35

5 44

.5

6.9

2.7

0.2

1.7

0.5

1.4

0.3

15.4

4.

6 P

last

ic p

rodu

cts

356

78.3

15

.5

5.2

0.5

2.5

0.7

1.1

0.3

5.0

2.1

Gla

ss a

nd o

ther

min

eral

pr

oduc

ts

36

156.

7 25

.7

10.7

1.

0 6.

6 3.

0 2.

4 0.

8 8.

4 2.

8 Ir

on a

nd s

teel

37

1 18

0.6

32.7

7.

9 0.

7 5.

7 2.

4 6.

1 1.

9 13

.4

7.4

Non

-fer

rous

met

al

indu

stri

es

372

35.6

8.

4 2.

1 0.

2 1.

8 0.

6 4.

9 2.

4 24

.0

22.3

M

etal

pr

oduc

ts

381

179.

9 19

.3

8.3

0.8

9.7

3.7

4.1

1.2

19.7

8.

8 M

achi

nery

, of

whi

ch

382,

3 65

7.4

74.8

31

.1

2.8

41.5

18

.8

31.3

10

.5

31.5

16

.4

Met

a 1 ,

woo

dwor

king

& s

pec

. i n

d.

mac

hine

ry

3823

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184.

3 26

.6

9.5

0.9

15.6

9.

0 7.

3 2.

2 27

.7

12.0

O

ffic

e an

d co

mpu

ting

3825

45

.4

11.7

5.

1 0.

5 5.

8 1.

2 5.

2 1.

8 30

.3

16.5

E

lect

rica

l m

achi

nery

(ex

cl.

tele

com

) 38

31,3

,9

219.

0 29

.5

11.4

1.

0 10

.4

3.7

6.6

0.6

23.3

2.

3 R

adio

, te

leco

mm

unic

atio

n 38

32

105.

1 14

.9

5.7

0.5

4.8

2.2

11.3

4.

7 30

.8

22.0

T

rans

port

equ

ipm

ent.

of w

hich

: 38

4 29

7.2

46.5

16

.6

1.5

20.7

7.

2 24

.3

4.4

39.1

7.

2 S

hipb

uild

ing

3841

30

.1

2.6

1.0

0.1

0.8

0.4

0.6

0.4

6.3

18.1

M

otor

ve~

icle

s 38

43

203.

7 37

.5

10.5

1.

0 14

.4

1.5

19.7

1.

7 42

.1

3.9

Air

craf

t 38

45

37.7

4.

8 1.

9 0.

2 2.

5 1.

1 2.

4 1.

1 28

.1

23.2

P

rofe

ssio

nal

& s

cien

tifi

c eq

uipm

ent

385

26.4

5.

4 1.

2 0.

1 3.

4 1.

5 6.

4 2.

8 42

.7

31.7

S

ervi

ces

4-9

15.5

37.0

1,

109.

5 74

8.5

68.5

16

9:4c

69

:3c

178:

zc

73:i

c ~()

Tot

al

econ

omy

1-9

23,3

67.0

1.

972.

2 1.

093.

1 10

0.0

I\)'

(Jq ~

(b

........

..

1990

dat

a.

V1

en

a ....

........

.....

b A

ll da

ta r

efer

to

198

9.

~

Tra

de

in g

oods

. 0

\ c

til:'

""d

(")

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.........

Tab

le A

V.S

(C

ont'd

) ~~

( i x

) N

ethe

r 1 an

ds

........

.. V

I (I

) 0

0 ..

........

w

Em

ploy

men

t P

rodu

ctio

n V

alue

add

ed

Exp

orts

I•rts

Im

port

pen

etra

tion

0

\

1990

19

90

1990

19

91

1991

19

90

b:l

Prod

ur.t

I SIC

(t

hous

ands

) (U

S$ m

illi

on)

(US$

mn)

Sh

are

of

Tot

al

Ext

ra E

C T

otal

E

xtra

EC

Intr

a EC

E

xtra

EC

GOP

(%)

(US$

mi 1

1 io

n)

(US$

mi 1

1 io

n)

(%)

----------

Agr

icul

ture

, fo

rest

rK a

nd f

ishi

ng

1 26

5.0

21,0

07

11,8

31

4.2

7,35

9a

1,20

0a

7,89

9a

3, 1

60a

22.0

14

.7

Min

ing

and

quar

ryin

g 2

0 0

2,60

0 2,

400

10,4

00

9,20

0 M

anuf

ar::t

urin

g,

of w

hich

3

887.

0 16

4,37

7 52

,294

18

.7

111.

482

29,6

92

113,

585

39,5

47

44.0

24

.0

Food

pro

duct

s 31

1 12

2.9

39,1

51

8,18

8 2.

9 17

,703

3,

373

8,07

5 2,

068

18.6

7.

8 B

ever

ages

and

to

hacr

.o

313,

4 20

.4

4,63

8 1,

981

0.7

3,12

3 80

2 1,

335

58

41.4

2.

4 T

exti

lE's

32

1 25

.3

3,89

3 1,

081

0.4

3,!n

9 86

4 5,

594

1,41

0 74

.5

23.6

C

loth

ing

322

12.7

1,

348

381

0.1

1,58

3 14

0 3,

371

1,33

2 62

.9

40.9

le

athP

-r a

nd f

ootw

ear

323,

4 5.

3 58

0 21

2 0.

1 75

1 11

8 1,

522

563

71.4

35

.7

Fur

nitu

rP a

nd w

ood

prod

ucts

33

35

.4

3,42

5 1,

236

0.4

1,86

3 21

0 3,

842

1,28

3 45

.6

24.6

Pa

per ~nd

pri

nti

ng

34

11

3.9

14,6

84

5,86

9 2.

1 4,

212

733

5,20

3 1,

856

21.5

11

.4

Chemi~als,

of w

hich

: 35

1,2

88.0

23

,340

6,

725

2.

4 19

,228

5,

776

13,0

55

3,40

9 58

.8

21.8

B

asir

in

du

stri

al

r.he

mic

als

3,!>

11

14,9

59

2,92

8 9,

166

3,24

6 F

erti

lise

rs

3,51

2 2,

673

906

2,00

1 50

3 Ph

anna

ceut

i ca 1

s 3,

522

1,77

7 53

0 0.

2 1,

047

564

1,03

3 30

4 41

.4

17.2

Pe

tr,le

t•l'l

l i'ln

d co

al

prod

ucts

35

3,4

10.1

10

,462

2,

029

0.7

8,92

0 1,

790

10,2

09

7,92

3 18

.3

72.2

R

ubbe

r pr

ortu

cts

355

5.8

684

320

0.1

1,00

6 29

5 1,

266

280

98.6

26

.3

Pla

stic

pro

duct

s 3~6

?2.1

3,

474

1,07

6 0.

4 1,

795

273

1,95

4 32

4 44

.4

8.3

Gla

ss a

nd o

ther

min

Pral

pr

oduc

ts

J6

34.7

4,

223

1,89

1 0.

7 1,

451

215

2,07

6 30

8 36

.7

6.1

Iron

and

stE

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371

19.4

3,

581

1' 1

91

0.4

3,29

1 1,

016

3,77

3 47

8 82

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11.1

Non-f~rrou~ m

etal

in

du

stri

es

372

13.7

2,

361

902

O.J

2,

223

314

1,96

8 56

9 76

.2

33.3

M

E>ta

1 pr

oduc

ts

381

90.5

10

,490

4,

656

1.7

5,23

9 1,

357

5,43

1 1,

101

38.7

9.

0 M

achi

nery

. of

whi

ch

382,

3 18

5.0

?.5,

597

10,5

69

3.8

21,0

85

8,05

1 25

,680

9,

818

52.6

30

.4

Met

al,

woo

dwor

king

& sp

ec.

ind.

m

achi

nery

3,

U?.

3,4

15.2

3,

fl86

1,

469

0.5

4,24

5 1,

381

4,34

9 1

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84

.8

30.0

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O"'

flll

t i n

g 3,

825

5,66

5 1,

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7,21

8 3,

581

.. E

lect

rica

l m

achi

nPry

(e

xcl.

te

leco

m)

3831

,3,9

98

.4

1_9,

800

8,00

0 9,

148

2,12

7 11

,400

4,

191

32.7

19

.0

Rad

io,

te 1 e

r::OfTI

TitJn

i cat

ion

3,83

2 5,

219

1,19

3 6,

374

2,88

0 T

ran5

port

equ

ipm

ent,

of w

hich

: 38

4 63

.8

9,51

5 2,

793

1.0

8,37

8 2,

722

13,1

36

4,05

0 64

.2

28.4

S

hipb

uild

ing

3,84

1 14

.7

1,87

0 58

6 0

.2

550

216

190

71

7.9

4.7

Mot

or v

enic

les

3,84

3 4,

417

701

7,97

8 1,

696

Air

craf

t 3,

845

1,70

3 94

6 2,

118

1,32

9 ..

.. P

rofe

ssio

nal

& sc

ien

tifi

c eq

uiom

ent

385

12.4

1,

879

774

0.3

4,64

3 1,

414

4,46

7 1,

927

136.

0 10

5.0

Ser

vice

s 4-

9 28

4,12

8 18

1,00

8 64

.7

133,

s26c

37

,39G

c 12

5,sJ

Sc

45,8

lSc

Tot

al

econ

omy

1-9

490,

339

279,

861

100.

0

a 19

90 d

ata.

b

All

data

re

fer

to 1

989.

c

Tra

de

in g

oods

onl

y.

lah

le A

V.S

(co

nt'

d)

(x)

Por

tuga

l

Empl

oym

ent

Pro

duct

ion

Val

ue a

dded

E

xpor

ts

Impo

rts

Impo

rt pe

netr

atio

n 19

90

1990

19

90

1991

19

91

1990

Pro

duct

I S

IC

(tho

usan

ds)

(US$

mi 1

1 io

n)

(US$

mn)

Sh

are

of

Tot

al

Ext

ra E

C T

otal

E

xtra

EC

Intr

a EC

E

xtra

EC

GO

P (%

) (U

S$ m

ill i

on)

(US$

mil

l ion

) (%

)

Agr

icul

ture

, fo

rest

ry a

nd

fish

ing

1

755.

1 6,

258

3,44

9 5.

8 35

4a

106a

2,

226a

92

8a

16.0

11

.4

Min

ing

and

quar

ryin

g b

2 12

.5

200

0.0

300

100

1,60

0 1,

400

6.7

93.3

M

rlnu

fact

urin

g,

of w

hich

3

623.

4 32

,476

10

,138

16

.9

15,7

28

3,81

8 23

,681

5,

933

42.1

15

.7

Food

pr

oduc

ts

311

67.1

6,

181

1,20

1 2.

0 53

9 22

5 1,

700

705

11.1

9.

7 B

ever

ages

and

tob

acco

31

3,4

10.5

1,

005

565

1.0

470

139

167

3 28

.6

0.2

Tex

tile

s an

d cl

oth

ing

32

1,2

182.

7 4,

683

1 '74

5 3.

0 4,

955

1,22

9 2,

433

353

91.0

17

. 1

Lea

ther

and

fo

otw

ear

323,

4 29

.9

287

0.5

1,41

7 29

4 56

7 15

9 F

urni

ture

and

woo

d pr

oduc

ts

33

47.2

1,

327

428

0.7

1,07

1 28

2 36

4 62

49

.4

10.6

Pa

per

and

pri

nti

ng

34

39

.7

2,68

9 1'

196

2.

0 93

3 19

3 66

8 18

9 21

.7

4.3

Che

mic

als,

o

f w

hich

: 35

1,2

33.9

3,

728

970

1.7

726

209

2,40

8 43

4 37

.3

7.8

Bas

ic

ind

ust

rial

ch

emic

als

3511

F

erti

lise

rs

3512

Ph

-3 nn

aceu

t i c

al s

35

22

Pet

role

um a

nd c

oal

prod

ucts

35

3,4

2.2

2,59

3 16

0 0.

3 42

8 17

7 2,

010

1,58

7 9.

1 45

.5

Rub

ber

prod

ucts

35

5 6.

2 33

3 14

2 0.

2 76

15

25

7 24

41

.4

4.8

Pla

stic

pro

duct

s 35

6 14

.0

636

216

0.3

121

25

229

19

24.5

2.

3 G

lass

and

oth

er m

iner

al

prod

ucts

36

50

.3

1,93

8 1,

002

1.7

726

183

352

30

14.3

2.

5 Ir

on a

nd s

teel

37

1 13

.9

764

283

0.5

140

40

822

104

49.1

8.

2 N

on-f

erro

us m

etal

in

du

stri

es

372

3.1

177

51

0.2

302

131

420

141

124.

6 56

.7

Met

al

prod

ucts

38

1 34

.6

1,15

4 45

2 0.

8 39

8 11

9 83

5 12

3 43

.8

6.3

Mac

hine

ry,

of w

hich

38

2,3

49.0

2,

442

932

1.5

1,98

1 33

7 5,

751

1,23

7 72

.1

19.7

M

etal

, w

oodw

orki

ng &

spec

. in

d.

mac

hine

ry

3823

,4

Off

ice

and

com

putin

g 38

25

Ele

ctri

cal

mac

hine

ry

3831

,3,9

R

adio

, te

leco

mm

unic

atio

n 38

32

Tra

nspo

rt e

quip

men

t, of

whi

ch:

384

34.0

1,

632

447

0.8

1,22

5 16

6 3,

679

500

79.5

12

.8

Shi

pbui

ldin

g 38

41

Mot

or

vehi

cles

38

43

Air

craf

t 38

45

Pro

fess

iona

l &

sci

enti

fic

equi

pmen

t 38

5 2.

6 83

38

0.

0 10

7 24

65

7 19

5 73

.9

28.8

S

ervi

ces

4-9

2,10

5.6

57,7

38

37,9

66

63.5

16

,3lG

c 4,

o3ic

26

,32a

c 7,

4o4c

T

otal

ec

onom

y 1-

9 3,

718.

3 11

2,06

1 59

,798

10

0.0

1-0

0

SlJ

..........

.

0:~

a 19

90 d

ata.

.....

......

b A

ll da

ta r

efer

to

198

9.

V'l

en

""'

c T

rade

in

goo

ds.

w

0'\

t:1

'

.-,n

lb

....

....

Tab

le A

V.S

(C

ont'd

) 0:

~ (x

i)

Sp

ain

.....

.... 0

\ tn

0

'

~

Empl

oym

ent

Pro

duct

ion

Val

ue a

dded

E

xpor

ts

1!11

lorts

Im

port

pen

etra

tion

0

\

1990

19

90

1990

19

91

1991

19

90

"' P

rodu

ct

I SIC

(t

hous

ands

) (U

S$ m

;lli

on)

(US$

mn)

Sh

are

of

Tot

al

Ext

ra E

C T

otal

E

xtra

EC

Intr

a EC

E

xtra

EC

GOP

(%)

(US$

mi 1

1 io

n)

(US$

mil

l ion

) (%

)

Agr

icul

ture

, forestr~

and

fish

ing

1 1,

395.

5 44

,563

22

,266

4.

5 4,

282

714

4,55

7 2,

564

4.4

5.7

Min

ing

and

quar

ryin

g 2

29.3

2,

300

1,40

0 0.

3 40

0 10

0 6,

700

6,40

0 3.

5 74

.4

Man

ufac

turi

ng,

of w

hich

3

1,84

2.5

264,

554

90,3

88

18.3

54

,010

15

,881

83

,207

30

,799

16

.8

10.1

Fo

od p

rodu

cts

311

253.

8 46

,017

10

,496

2.

1 3,

609

1,16

8 4,

453

1,56

8 5.

4 3.

0 B

ever

ages

and

tob

acco

31

3,4

58.2

12

,718

5,

328

1.1

904

355

821

133

4.8

0.8

Tex

t i1

es

321

114.

3 9,

445

3,63

2 0.

7 1,

988

675

3,43

4 1,

204

18.3

9.

4 C

loth

ing

322

88.7

5,

298

2,16

2 0.

4 37

4 12

2 1,

629

731

11.0

7.

7 L

eath

er a

nd f

ootw

ear

323,

4 48

.2

4, 7

59

1,48

6 0.

3 1,

858

659

940

481

11.4

11

.4

Fur

nitu

re a

nd w

ood

prod

ucts

33

12

1.9

8,66

1 3,

373

0.7

1,03

3 29

8 1,

634

704

9.7

7.5

Pape

r an

d p

rin

tin

g

34

109.

1 15

,700

6,

435

1.3

1,67

2 52

4 2,

817

1,21

7 9.

0 7.

2 C

hem

ical

s,

of w

hich

: 35

1,2

117.

3 22

,565

9,

565

1.9

4,72

0 1,

852

9,40

1 2,

479

20.7

7.

3 B

asic

in

du

stri

al

chem

ical

s 35

11

17.9

6,

904

2,49

2 0.

5 2,

993

1,16

1 5,

207

1,45

9 41

.1

16.0

F

erti

lise

rs

3512

8.

9 1 '

711

490

0.1

374

182

1,25

6 30

3 36

.8

11.7

Ph

anna

ceut

i ca 1

s 35

22

34.6

5,

571

2,22

6 0.

5 73

5 45

2 72

9 31

1 7.

5 5.

6 P

etro

leum

and

coa

l pr

oduc

ts

353,

4 12

.5

10,8

85

2' 7

31

0.5

2,62

2 1,

359

8,65

1 7,

495

5.7

46.9

R

ubbe

r pr

oduc

ts

355

34.3

3,

387

1,66

0 0.

3 1,

022

331

775

108

21.2

3.

2 P

last

ic p

rodu

cts

356

53.9

5,

982

2,03

4 0.

4 39

9 11

5 55

7 83

5.

9 1.

7 G

lass

and

oth

er m

iner

al

prod

ucts

36

12

0.3

13,6

41

6,41

1 1.

3 1,

875

761

1,34

4 38

0 7.

6 2.

3 Ir

on a

nd

stee

l 37

1 87

.0

12,8

65

4,04

0 0.

8 2,

998

1,36

5 2,

463

485

16.2

4.

7 N

on-f

erro

us m

etal

in

du

stri

es

372

21.0

5,

657

1,69

4 0.

3 1,

121

314

1,72

8 56

6 18

.1

7.9

Met

al

prod

ucts

38

1 14

6.8

13,8

19

5,60

4 1.

1 2,

124

759

3,43

1 75

0 16

.6

4.1

Mac

hine

ry,

of w

hich

38

2,3

239.

7 27

,349

10

,935

2.

2 8,

503

2,33

4 21

,295

7,

079

34.0

16

.8

Met

al,

woo

dwor

king

& sp

ec.

ind.

m

achi

nery

38

23,4

42

.8

4,61

2 1,

861

0.4

1,97

1 97

4 4,

305

1,07

8 46

.5

15.5

O

ffic

e an

d co

mpu

ting

3825

4.

1 1,

390

515

0.1

1,07

7 20

9 3,

255

1,66

6 44

.5

46.7

E

lect

rica

l m

achi

nery

(e

xcl.

te

leco

m)

3831

,3,9

11

3.5

14,2

36

5,53

6 1.

1 3,

025

1,14

4 7,

895

3,29

7 24

.1

17.3

R

adio

, te

leco

mm

unic

atio

n 38

32

30.6

5,

205

2,01

6 0.

4 81

2 37

4 4,

584

2,38

3 24

.5

26.5

T

rans

port

equ

ipm

ent,

of w

hich

: 38

4 18

6.3

38,4

70

11,5

99

2.4

15,8

31

2,37

8 13

,025

2,

892

24.9

8.

0 Sh

i pbu

il d

ing

3841

34

.1

2,35

4 1,

034

0.2

552

495

159

57

5.2

2.9

Mot

or v

ehic

les

3843

14

6.1

32,1

45

8,93

0 1.

8 9,

890

1074

8,

948

845

26.0

2.

7 A

ircr

afta

38

45

7.8

957

516

0.1

1,02

7 37

4 1,

943

1,54

7 21

.1

82.6

P

rofe

ssio

nal

& sc

ien

tifi

c eq

uipm

ent

385

7.4

956

480

0.1

610

254

3,35

3 1,

612

51.9

37

.5

Ser

vice

s 4-

9 8,

632.

0 41

0,85

3 31

4,97

1 63

.9

60,t

34b

17,4

iib

9J,o

62b

37' 1

99b

Tot

al

econ

omy

1-9

12,9

92.5

69

6,15

1 49

2,91

8 10

0.0

a A

ll da

ta r

efer

to

198

9.

b T

rade

in

goo

ds o

nly.

Tab

le A

V.S

(C

ont•

d)

(xi i

) tk

lite

d K

ingd

om

Eq>

loym

ent

Pro

duct

ion

Val

ue a

dded

E

xpor

ts

Iq>

orts

Im

port

pene

trat

ion

1990

19

90

1990

19

91

1991

19

90

Pro

duct

I S

IC

(tho

usan

ds)

(US$

bn)

(U

S$

bn)

Shar

e of

T

otal

E

xtra

EC

Tot

al

Ext

ra E

C In

tra

EC

Ext

ra E

C GO

P (%

) (U

S$

bn)

(US$

bn

) (%

)

Agr

icul

ture

, forestr~ an

d fi

shin

g

1 56

9.0

30.8

11

.0

1.1

2.4a

1.

1a

8.0a

1.

6a

17.6

4.

4 M

inin

g an

d qu

arry

ing

2 11

8.8

21.2

15

.0

1.5

6.8

2.9

7.4

6.3

2.3

28.9

M

anuf

actu

ring

, of

whi

ch

3 49

02.8

61

8.1

273.

9 28

.0

166.

3 79

.9

188.

2 92

.8

16.8

14

.6

Food

pro

duct

s 31

1 49

8.0

74.7

24

.8

2.5

5.5

1.6

12.7

3.

8 10

.6

4.8

Bev

erag

es a

nd t

obac

co

313,

4 83

.0

20.5

9.

6 1.

0 5.

4 3.

3 2.

9 0.

3 14

.6

1.6

Tex

tile

s 32

1 21

8.9

17.4

7.

6 0.

8 5.

8 2.

7 10

.0

4.8

27.4

20

.8

Clo

thin

g 32

2 22

9.0

10.0

5.

1 0.

5 2.

0 0.

7 4.

3 2.

7 14

.4

20.0

le

ath

er a

nd f

ootw

ear

323,

4 64

.3

4.2

1.9

0.2

1.2

0.5

2.9

1.5

26.2

24

.6

Fur

nitu

re a

nd w

ood

prod

ucts

33

19

5.9

19.6

8.

3 0.

8 1.

5 0.

5 5.

1 3.

1 9.

8 15

.6

Pape

r an

d p

rin

tin

g

34

446.

4 55

.7

30.5

3.

1 5.

0 2.

3 9.

7 5.

7 7.

2 9

.8

Che

mic

als,

of

whi

ch:

351,

2 31

0.6

69.0

32

.8

3.3

19.7

9.

8 18

.9

8.1

21.7

8.

3 B

asic

in

du

stri

al

chem

ical

s 35

11

106.

4 17

.6

8.0

0.

8 9.

1 3.

5 11

.7

3.4

41.1

16

.8

Fer

tili

sers

35

12

46.0

8.

6 3

.5

0.4

4.0

1.8

2.7

0.8

26.3

10

.6

Pha n

nace

ut i

ca 1

s 35

22

76.2

11

.7

5.3

0.5

4.3

2.4

2.2

0.6

17.0

6.

2 P

etro

leum

and

coa

l pr

oduc

ts

353,

4 17

.3

18.6

3.

8 0.

4 12

.1

5.4

10.3

8.

6 14

.7

54.6

R

ubbe

r pr

oduc

ts

355

64.9

6.

2 3.

3 0.

3 1.

6 0.

5 1.

6 0.

5 17

.7

8.1

Pla

stic

pro

duct

s 35

6 16

5.1

18.5

8.

4 0.

9 1.

7 0.

6 2.

4 0.

8 8.

3 4.

1 G

lass

and

oth

er m

iner

al

prod

ucts

36

20

5.4

23.9

13

.9

1.4

2.2

1.1

2.5

0.6

7.8

3.3

Iron

and

st

eel

371

146.

6 22

.7

9.5

1.0

5.4

2.2

4.8

1.2

16.3

6.

3 N

on-f

erro

us m

etal

in

du

stri

es

372

60.7

12

.0

3.5

0.4

4.1

1.8

5.1

3.1

17.0

28

.1

Met

al

prod

ucts

38

1 33

4.9

30.9

14

.7

1.5

5.9

2.7

6.6

2.4

14.1

7.

8 M

achi

nery

, of

whi

ch

382,

3 11

14.2

12

4.5

59.7

6.

1 46

.0

20.8

47

.0

24.7

19

.6

19.9

M

etal

, w

oodw

orki

ng &

spec

. in

d. m

achi

nery

38

23,4

25

1.7

21.1

7.

8 0.

8 9.

3 5.

2 10

.1

3.9

28.0

18

.1

Off

ice

and

com

putin

g 38

25 .

52

.3

14.4

4.

5 0.

5 10

.4

4.0

15.5

8.

1 37

.9

41.7

E

lect

rica

l m

achi

nery

(e

xcl.

te

leco

m)

3831

,3,9

24

2.1

20.3

7.

4 0.

8 7.

5 3.

6 26

.2

11.3

38

.4

28.8

R

adio

, te

leco

mm

unic

atio

n 38

32

262.

2 26

.0

9.6

1.0

11.6

5.

5 16

.0

9.8

20.6

32

.2

Tra

nspo

rt e

quip

men

t, of

whi

ch:

384

582.

7 76

.2

29.3

3.

0 28

.1

16.1

27

.3

11.6

23

.1

16.1

S

hipb

uild

ing

3841

62

.2

4.3

2.1

0.2

0.7

0.2

0.4

0.2

4.3

4.9

Mot

or ve~icles

3843

25

7.6

40.9

11

.7

1.2

13.7

4.

4 26

.8

5.4

39.8

9.

9 A

ircr

aft

3845

16

7.4

20.2

8.

5 0.

9 12

.2

2.5

6.7

0.9

39.7

5.

9 P

rofe

ssio

nal

& sc

ien

tifi

c eq

uipm

ent

385

85.6

7.

2 4.

0 0.

4 8.

2 4.

2 7.

9 4.

6 47

.9

63.4

S

ervi

ces

4-9

19,9

00.0

49

0.3

684.

8 69

.9

185:

ic

n:ic

21

o:oc

10

1 :s

c ""

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') T

otal

ec

onom

y 1-

9 26

,496

.0

979.

3 10

0.0

Ill'

(J'q

?i

(1)

..........

1990

dat

a.

0\

til

a ~ .

........

. b

All

data

ref

er t

o 1

989.

w

T

rade

in

goo

ds.

0\

c ~

Tab

le A

V.6

R

estr

icti

on

s by

in

div

idu

al ~r S

tate

s on

ext

ra-E

C i

ll!pO

rts

of

mto

r v

ehic

les.

199

2

Mem

ber

Sta

te

-th

ird

cou

ntry

Fran

ce

-Ja

pan

-R

epub

lic o

f K

orea

Ital

y

-Ja

pan

-su

cces

sor

Sta

tes

of t

he S

ovie

t U

nion

Veh

icle

cat

egor

y

A Pass

enge

r ca

rs a

nd l

igh

t co

mm

erci

al

vehi

cles

Impo

rt ba

n un

til

spri

ng 1

992.

Pass

enge

r ca

rs

Fou

r-w

heel

-dri

ve v

ehic

les

Lig

ht c

anll

!rc i

a 1 v

ehic

les

Die

sel

engi

nes

Mot

orcy

cles

(<3

80 c

cm)

Pass

enge

r ca

rs

Com

mer

cial

ve

hicl

es

Mot

orcy

cles

Car

par

ts

Dir

ect

ifl1)

orts

Mea

sure

s in

fo

rce

B

Uni

late

ral

quot

a re

stri

ctiv

e ca

r re

gis

trat

ion

and

ce

rtif

icat

ion

Bil

ater

al q

uota

Bil

ater

al q

uota

Bil

ater

al q

uota

Bil

ater

al q

uota

Bil

ater

al q

uota

Uni

late

ral

quot

a

Uni

late

ral

quot

a

Uni

late

ral

quot

a

Uni

late

ral

quot

a

Acc

epte

d tr

ade

volu

me

c Mar

ket

shar

e of

abo

ut 3

per

cen

t (d

irec

t pl

us

para

llel

del

iver

ies)

3,50

0 un

its

1,00

0 un

its

750

unit

s

US$

280,

000

2,50

0 un

its

3,18

0 un

its

96 u

nits

320

unit

s

(?)

Par

alle

l im

port

s

Mea

sure

s in

for

ce

0 Car

tel

of m

ajor

Ja

pane

se s

uppl

iers

; re

stri

ctiv

e ca

r re

gist

rati

on a

nd

cert

ific

atio

n

Art

icle

ll5

Unr

estr

icte

d

Art

icle

ll5

(m

onito

ring

)

Art

icle

ll5

Art

icle

ll5

Art

icle

115

Art

icle

115

Art

icle

115

(m

onito

ring

)

Art

icle

115

Acc

epte

d tr

ade

volu

me

E

See

C

27,0

00 u

nits

(?)

21,0

00 u

nits

(?)

(?)

(?)

(con

t'd)

1

Tab

le A

V.6

(c

ont)

Mem

ber

Sta

te

-th

ird

cou

ntry

Spai

n -

Japa

n

-Ja

pan

-R

epub

lic o

f K

orea

-su

cces

or S

tate

s of

th

e S

ovie

t U

nion

Port

ugal

-a

ll

thir

d C

ount

ries

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

-

Japa

n

Sour

ce:

GATT

Sec

reta

riat

.

Veh

icle

cat

egor

y

A

Pass

enge

r ca

rs,

buse

s an

d co

mm

erci

al

vehi

cles

Mot

or c

ycle

s

All

cate

gori

es

Fou

r-w

heel

-dri

ve v

ehic

les

All

cate

gori

es

Pass

enge

r ca

rs,

com

mer

cial

ve

hicl

es

vehi

cles

, fo

ur-w

heel

dr

ive

vehi

cles

Mea

sure

s in

fo

rce

B

Quo

ta

Quo

ta

Quo

ta

Quo

ta

Quo

ta

Dir

ect

i111

>orts

Vol

unta

ry e

xpor

t re

stra

int

Acc

epte

d tr

ade

volu

me

c 1,20

0 un

its

(?)

{ ?)

(?)

(?)

11 p

er c

ent

mar

ket

shar

e (d

irec

t pl

us

para

llel

de

live

ries

)

Par

alle

l im

port

s

Mea

sure

s in

for

ce

D

Art

icle

115

Art

icle

115

(m

onito

ring

)

(?)

Art

icle

115

(m

onito

ring

)

(?)

Car

tel

of m

ajor

su

ppli

ers;

tec

hnic

al

trad

e ba

rrie

rs

(inc

ludi

ng r

ight

-han

d dr

ive)

Acc

epte

d tr

ade

volu

me

E 12,8

60 u

nits

(?)

(?)

See

C

~()

lb

' ~~

........

.. 0

"\

(/)

Vo

l'

Vol

0

"\

I::Ji:'

C/RM/S/36B Page 64

Table A¥.7 Price peaks tn EC car .. rkets. 1988-91 (Member State with the highest price for a specified model variant)

Audi (VAG) 80

BMW 316i

Citroen (PSA) Ax

. Fiat Uno Tipo

Ford Fiesta Sierra

Honda Accord

Mazda 626

Mercedes 190E

Opel /Vauxhall (GM) Kadett/Astra Vectra/Cavalier

Peugot (PSA) 309 405

Renault RS R21

Volkswagen (VAG) Polo Golf

1988

E*

UK

F

D I

I**

F

NL

E

D Nl

D E

D I

1989

E

UK**

UK**

UK* NL

UK** UK**

UK**

UK*

UK

E* UK*

E UK

UK E

E UK*

1990

E**

UK

F

E* I**

I**

E**

NL

UK* UK

E F

D E

E NL

1990 (April)

E*

UK

F

I E

E* I

I**

E*

E

UK E

E F

D I

E F

1991

E*

UK

UK**

UK* E*

E** E

E**

E**

E

UK E

E UK

E F

E** UK

Note: The following member States have been included: Belgium, France (F), Germany (0), Italy (I), the Netherlands (NL), Spain (E) and the United Kingdom (UK). With one exception (April 1990), the price surveys were conducted in January of each year; the findings are adjusted for tax differences etc. One asterisk marks price differentials of 24 to 29 per cent; two asterisks indicate price differences of 30 per cent and more.


I

Table A¥.8 Characteristics of car asse.bly plants in lorth A.!rica.

Japanese in Japan

Productivity (hours/vehicle) 16.8

Quality (assembly defects/ 100 vehicles) 60.0

Training of new wotkers (hours) 380.3

Absenteeism 5.0

Japan and Europe.

Japanese in North America

21.2

65.0

370.0

4.8

C/RM/S/36B Page 65

1989a

American in North America

25.1

82.3

46.4

11.7

Europe

36.2

97.0

173.3

12.1

a Averages per plant; volume producers (all Japanese producers; GM, Ford, Chrysler; Fiat, PSA, Renault, Volkswagen).

~our£!: IMVP World Assembly Plant Survey (1989); J.D. Power Initial Quality Survey (1989) (cited in J.P. Womack, et. al ., The Machine that Changed the World).

GENERAL AGREEMENT ON · Table 1.1 llajor features of the European C.-.nities' econ•y Population...

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