Genebanks: role in climate adaptation
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Transcript of Genebanks: role in climate adaptation
Charlotte Lusty
13 November 2017
Genebanks: role in climate change
Agriculture must transform over next 30 years
• Ensure food security
• Adapt to climate change
• Reduce emissions
Critical challenges
Agriculture must transform in next 30 years • Ensure food security
60% increased production by 2050
• Adapt to climate change Abiotic stress, incidence of pests & disease, etc.
• Reduce emissions From current level of > 19% GHG emissions
Critical challenges
Plant genetic resources (PGR) in agricultural
transformation:
• Soil & nutrient management
• Water use
• Ecosystem enhancement
• Pests and disease management
• Resilience
• Crop yields
Role of PGR in agriculture
Coconut
Resilient and diverse smallholder
crop, providing coastal protection,
ecosystem services and income in
the face of cyclones and rising sea
levels.
Role of PGR in agriculture
Role of PGR in agriculture
Crop wild relatives
Crop wild relatives
Conveying tolerance to:• High temperatures• Low temperatures• Drought• Salinity• Submergence• Changing growing seasons• Pests• Diseases
We don’t know the full value
of what we conserve
We don’t know the extent of
the challenges that we will face
Genebanks = OPTIONS
Genebanks
No one country can possibly be self-sufficient in
PGR
• International Plant Treaty Multi-lateral System of Access & Benefit Sharing
• International genebanks
• Phytosanitary controls
• Global Information System, Genesys, GRIN-Global, etc
Global system
CGIAR Genebank Platform
Sustainable Development Goals
Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition
and promote sustainable agriculture
Target 2.5
By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and
domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed
and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and
promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of
genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed.
Core work of genebanks
14
Long-term conservation
• 756,000 accessions
• 724,000 seed
• 24,000 tissue culture
• 29,000 whole plants
Responding to users EVERY YEAR:
~ 2000 requests
~ 80-130,000 samples distributed
> 100 countries worldwide
Two aspects increase our ability to use PGR
• Increased knowledge of genes, their expression and the traits they convey
• Vastly improved capability to integrate useful traits into improved varieties
Increasing use of PGR
Working as a Global System: Collections from the fertile crescent, conserved in Syria in ICARDA, saved in Svalbard Seed vault, returned to Lebanon
Working as a global system: Collected from the High Andes, conserved in CIP for 30 years, repatriated to Peruvian communities
Thank you