Gene Pools and Evolution - Matching Columns.Name _____________________________________________________________________________1 Allele frequency A All the genes in a population2 Cline B Mating between relatives3 Deme C Selection favouring one extreme of a continuously varying

characteristic. 4 Directional Selection D Selection favouring the average and thus resisting change. 5 Disruptive Selection E The proportion of an allele in a gene pool compared with all the

alleles at that locus.6 Founder Effect F Random changes in allele frequency in small populations due to the

accumulated effects of chance.7 Gene flow G Period in which a population is reduced to very small numbers,

resulting in inbreeding and the loss of much of its genetic diversity.8 Gene Pool H Situation in which certain genotypes leave more surviving offspring

than others, thus making a greater contribution to the gene pool.9 Genetic bottleneck I The occurrence of two or more distinct variants in a population.10 Genetic drift J Selection favouring the two ends of a continuously varying

characteristic. 11 Inbreeding K Reduction in genetic diversity following the separation of a very small

proportion of an original population. Population of the new gene pool lacks diversity until numbers build and mutation occurs.

12 Mutation L Movement of genes between gene pools by immigration and emigration.

13 Natural Selection M A gradual change in the traits of a species over a geographical gradient.

14 Polymorphism N The ultimate source of variation in a gene pool. 15 Stabilising Selection O A local interbreeding population of a species.

Q 1 Domestication – the breeding of plants and animals with desired traits – is due to artificial selection. Explain the key differences between artificial selection and natural selection. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q 2 Evolution by natural selection is often said to be “Survival of the fittest”. Explain what the term “fittest” means in a biological context.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________