Gender patterns on a large social network (SocInfo 2014)
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Transcript of Gender patterns on a large social network (SocInfo 2014)
Gender patterns in a large oline social network
David [email protected]
with Yana Volkovich, Karolin Kappler and Andreas Kaltenbrunner
SocInfo 2014, Barcelona
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 1 / 23
Gender homophily
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 2 / 23
Tuenti, the “Spanish Facebook”
Popular Spain-based, invitation-only social networking site
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 3 / 23
Dataset
Complete anonymized snapshot of the social network (Dec 2011)10 million users500 million friendship relationships
relative friendship order for each user500 million interactions on users’ walls during 3 months
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 4 / 23
Building the social environment
1st research questionHow does gender affect SNS-adoption?Do men show a preference to accept invitations from men andwomen from women?Do online ego-networks grow in a gender-biased way?
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 5 / 23
Joining the social network
Men: slight preference to accept invitation from another man (55%)
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 6 / 23
Joining the social network
Men: slight preference to accept invitation from another man (55%)the second is more likely to have the same gender as the first one
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 7 / 23
Joining the social network
Women: strong preference to accept invitation from a woman (72%)
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 8 / 23
Joining the social network
Women: strong preference to accept invitation from a woman (72%)
If 1st friend was a woman, the 2nd is a woman with 70% probab.
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 9 / 23
Friendship order
Women friend more women until about the 150th friendthen they friend more men
Men friend more women only after the 400th friend
100
101
102
1030.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
friendship order
frac
tion
of s
ame
gend
er fr
iend
s
fraction of male and female friends given friendship order
male friends of male usersfemale friends of female usersfemale friends of all users
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 10 / 23
Gender homophily
2nd research questionDo men and women have similar friendship networks, both in sizeand composition?Is there a preference for connection among same gender users?
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 11 / 23
Same gender friends
friends avg # men avg # women avg % same gendermen 82 78 51.48%women 76 85 56.46%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
percentage of same gender friends
frac
tion
of u
sers
distribution of the percentage of same gender friends
male friends of male usersfemale friends of female users
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 12 / 23
Gender homophily by degree
Users with a smaller circle of friends have more women friends
0 200 400 600 800 10000.4
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.5
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.6
# friends
frac
tion
of u
sers
fraction of female friends of a user given degree
female friends
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 13 / 23
Gender homophily by degree, broken down by gender
Tendency to heterophily goes along with bigger ego-networksalso men with less than 25 friends have more women friends
0 200 400 600 800 10000.34
0.36
0.38
0.4
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.5
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.6
0.62
0.64
0.66
# friends
frac
tion
of u
sers
fraction of the same−gender friends given degree
male friends of male usersfemale friends of female users
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 14 / 23
Triangle motifs
3rd research questionHow does gender affect the network structure and the formation oftransitive relationships (triangles)?
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 15 / 23
Triangle motifs by gender
Expected results in a perfectly gender balanced networkassuming same number of users, and same degree distribution
Type of triangle friendship networkexpected expected observed
(balanced) (reshuffled)
men only 12.5%
1 woman, 2 men 37.5%
2 women, 1 man 37.5%
women only 12.5%
total 3.64 × 1010
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 16 / 23
Triangle motifs by gender
Randomly reshuffle the gender of users having the same degreeaccount for higher connectivity of women
Type of triangle friendship networkexpected expected observed
(balanced) (reshuffled)
men only 12.5% 11.6%
1 woman, 2 men 37.5% 36.6%
2 women, 1 man 37.5% 38.4%
women only 12.5% 13.4%
total 3.64 × 1010
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 17 / 23
Triangle motifs by gender
Results observed: more single-gender triangles than expectedDeviation from the reshuffled model is stronger for men (+38%)than for women (+27%)
Type of triangle friendship networkexpected expected observed
(balanced) (reshuffled)
men only 12.5% 11.6% 16.0%
1 woman, 2 men 37.5% 36.6% 32.5%
2 women, 1 man 37.5% 38.4% 34.5%
women only 12.5% 13.4% 17.0%
total 3.64 × 1010
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 18 / 23
Triangle motifs by gender (interaction network)
Expected results in a perfectly gender balanced networkassuming same number of users, and same degree distribution
Type of triangle interacion networkexpected expected observed
(balanced) (reshuffled)
men only 12.5%
1 woman, 2 men 37.5%
2 women, 1 man 37.5%
women only 12.5%
total 1.24 × 108
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 19 / 23
Triangle motifs by gender (interaction network)
Randomly reshuffle the gender of users having the same degreemuch higher activity of women (write and receive more messages)
Type of triangle interacion networkexpected expected observed
(balanced) (reshuffled)
men only 12.5% 6.2%
1 woman, 2 men 37.5% 28.4%
2 women, 1 man 37.5% 43.3%
women only 12.5% 22.1%
total 1.24 × 108
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 20 / 23
Triangle motifs by gender (interaction network)
Observed results: many more single-gender triangles thanexpected
Again, deviation from the reshuffled model is much stronger formen (+60%) than for women (+28%)
Type of triangle interacion networkexpected expected observed
(balanced) (reshuffled)
men only 12.5% 6.2% 9.9%
1 woman, 2 men 37.5% 28.4% 24.4%
2 women, 1 man 37.5% 43.3% 37.3%
women only 12.5% 22.1% 28.4%
total 1.24 × 108
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 21 / 23
Conclusions
General tendency towards homophilymore accentuated for womenbut users with many friends tend to heterophily
Women: stronger homophily in their first steps in the socialnetwork
perceived presence of other women is fundamental to enter a newdigital social environment
⇒ this can explain why it can be hard to face gender gap
Tendency to form gender homogeneous groupsmore marked for menfuture work: study the composition of larger cliques and clusters
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 22 / 23
Questions?
David Laniado Gender patterns in a large oline social network 23 / 23