Will Gender Parity Break the Glass Ceiling? Evidence from a Randomized Experiment Preliminary
GENDER EQUALITY IN ESTONIA. High employment rate among both men (71%) and women (65%, 6th in EU-27)*...
21
GENDER EQUALITY IN ESTONIA
-
Upload
annis-chapman -
Category
Documents
-
view
235 -
download
0
Transcript of GENDER EQUALITY IN ESTONIA. High employment rate among both men (71%) and women (65%, 6th in EU-27)*...
GENDER EQUALITY IN ESTONIA
• High employment rate among both men (71%) and women (65%, 6th in EU-27)*
• Gender parity on most levels of education (fe among undergraduate students 60% women, 40% men)**
• Comparatively high number of women among managers (38%, 3rd in EU-25)***
* Eurostat (2007)** Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (2005/2006)*** Eurostat (2006)
Positive aspects in Estonia
• Low political representation of women (21% in government, 24% in parliament, 30% in municipalities)
• Large gender pay gap (25%, biggest in EU-27)*
• Large gap of life expectancy (men 67 years, women 78 years)**
* Eurostat (2007)** Statistics Estonia (2007)
Negative aspects in Estonia
Female employment rate and gender pay gap
N/A
65.3 - 80.8
61.0 - 65.3
54.6 - 61.0
49.4 - 54.6
23.9 - 49.4
Legend
N/A
65.3 - 80.8
61.0 - 65.3
54.6 - 61.0
49.4 - 54.6
23.9 - 49.4
Legend
Political representation
Candidates to the parliament
Women
Men
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1992 1995 1999 2003 2007
Political representation
Members in the parliament
Women
Men
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1992 1995 1999 2003 2007
Political representation
Candidates to the local government councils
Women
Men
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1993 1996 1999 2002 2005
Political representation
Members of the local government councils
Women
Men
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1993 1996 1999 2002 2005
Time use: singles
WorkHousework
Spare time
Women
Men
01234567
Hours per day
Time use: couples without children
WorkHousework
Spare time
Women
Men
01234567
Hours per day
Time use: couples with children aged 0-6 years
WorkHousework
Spare time
Women
Men
01234567
Hours per day
Time use: couples with children aged 7-17 years
WorkHousework
Spare time
Women
Men
01234567
Hours per day
Youth education attainment levelPercentage of the population aged 20 to 24 having completed at least upper secondary education
FEMALE MALE
Early school leavers Percentage of the population aged 18-24 with at most lower secondary education and not in further education or training
Science and technology graduates Tertiary graduates in science and technology per 1 000 of female population aged 20-29 years
FEMALE MALE
Gender stereotypes in school materials
