GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AS …

GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT

AS DEPICTED IN THE CHARACTER OF YOANA IN

THE VIDEO GAME THE WITCHER 3: WILD HUNT

MASTER ARMORER SIDE QUEST

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

in English Letters

By

SIAUW, HENRI SETIAWAN HARIYANTO

Student Number: 174214082

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS

UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA

YOGYAKARTA

2021

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

ii

GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT

AS DEPICTED IN THE CHARACTER OF YOANA IN

THE VIDEO GAME THE WITCHER 3: WILD HUNT

MASTER ARMORER SIDE QUEST

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

in English Letters

By

SIAUW, HENRI SETIAWAN HARIYANTO

Student Number: 174214082

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS

UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA

YOGYAKARTA

2021


vii

This World Doesn't Need A Hero. It

Needs A Professional.

-Geralt of Rivia


viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Jesus Christ.

Despite staying at home for months due to the pandemic, His grace follows me

everywhere and even when I was writing the undergraduate thesis. I would also

like to express my deepest gratitude to Sanata Dharma, especially my thesis

advisor, Sir Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka M.Hum. for his guidance throughout my

last year in Sanata Dharma University. Also, I express my gratitude to Miss Arina

Isti‟anah S.Pd., M.Hum. as reader and Miss Elisabeth Oseanita Pukan S.S., M.A.

as examiner.

My gratitude also goes to both my parents and my brother. I thank them

for your supports throughout the years. I would not be here, in this outstanding

university to complete my education if it was not by you. Thank you for being

there for me when I need someone to talk to, argue and discuss. I am really

grateful.

Lastly, I would like to express my gratitude to my friends who have been

supporting, staying in contact when I had problems throughout the year. I

personally would like to thank Ronald, Samuel, Stevan, Alex, Hagai, Bobby,

Adrian, Adven, Jovan and Rubby for you have given me such brilliant

discussions. I would also thank Stefan, Angga, Gregorius, Edrick, Astri and

Natasha for you have staying with me until the end of my study in Sanata Dharma

University. Thank you for being my extraordinary friends in Yogyakarta.

Siauw, Henri Setiawan Hariyanto


ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE ................................................................................................... ii

APPROVAL PAGE .......................................................................................... iii

ACCEPTANCE PAGE ..................................................................................... iv

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY .................................................................. v

LEMBAR PERYATAAN PERSETUJUAN

PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .......................................................................... vi

MOTTO PAGE. ............................................................................................... vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................ viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. ix

LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................... xi

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... xii

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ xiii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1

A. Background of the Study ............................................................................. 1

B. Problem Formulation .................................................................................. 5

C. Objective of the Study ................................................................................ 6

D. Definition of Terms .................................................................................... 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .................................................... 8

A. Review of Related Studies .......................................................................... 8

B. Review of Related Theories ...................................................................... 15

1. Theory of Characterization................................................................... 15

2. Concept of Gender Equality ................................................................. 17

3. Theory of Women‟s Empowerment ..................................................... 20

C. Theoretical Framework ............................................................................. 23

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ................................................................. 25

A. Object of the Study ................................................................................... 25

B. Approach of the Study .............................................................................. 27


x

C. Method of the Study ................................................................................. 28

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 30

A. The Characterization of Yoana .................................................................. 30

1. Underestimated as an inferior............................................................... 30

2. Skillful ................................................................................................. 33

3. Forgiving ............................................................................................. 34

B. Gender Equality Issue in The Side Quest ................................................... 35

C. Yoana‟s Ways to Empower Herself .......................................................... 40

1. Social Empowerment ........................................................................... 44

2. Educational Empowerment .................................................................. 48

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION ......................................................................... 55

REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 59

APPENDIX ...................................................................................................... 62


xi

LIST OF FIGURES

No. Figure Page

1. Fig 1. Fergus tells Yoana to stay silent 31

2. Fig 2. Yoana shows her kindness to Fergus 36

3. Fig 3. The lieutenant underestimates Yoana 40

4. Fig 4. Yoana tells Geralt her feelings 43

5. Fig 5. Yoana explodes her anger 47

6. Fig 6. Bolt arrow does not pierce Yoana‟s armor worn by Geralt 57


xii

ABSTRACT

HENRI, SIAUW. (2020). Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment as

Depicted in The Character of Yoana in The Video Game The Witcher 3: Wild

Hunt Master Armorer Side Quest. Yogyakarta. Department of English Letters,

Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

This undergraduate thesis analyzes a woman character named Yoana from

a video game entitled The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt especially in the secondary

mission or side quest namely Master Armorer. The present research analyzes

gender equality, the oppression towards woman and how the character opposes

the oppression with empowerment.

The research has three research questions. The first research question

discusses Yoana‟s characteristics as an oppressed woman. The second research

question discusses the gender equality issue in the story. The third research

question discusses how Yoana empowers herself as woman to oppose oppression.

In order to figure out the answer of the research questions, the present

researcher conducts library research. Feminist literary criticism is applied in this

research. The undergraduate research is also supported by several theories. The

theories used are theory of characterization by Murphy, concept of gender

equality by several experts, and theory of women‟s empowerment by Mandal.

The result of the research is Yoana is described as a weak character

because she was oppressed, inferior, underestimated. However, she possesses

great heart. The gender equality issue is clearly described as man characters are

more dominant in the society. In addition, patriarchy is also the root of the

problem of Yoana‟s oppression as a woman. However, the current situation of

Yoana does not disturb her to rise and oppose the system. She manages to oppose

the negative treatment from other male characters as she was the actual “master

armorer” title holder.

Keywords: Gender equality, Women‟s empowerment, Video Game, The Witcher

3: Wild Hunt.


xiii

ABSTRAK

HENRI, SIAUW. (2020). Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment as

Depicted in The Character of Yoana in The Video Game The Witcher 3: Wild

Hunt Master Armorer Side Quest. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Sastra Inggris,

Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Skripsi ini menganalisis sesosok karakter wanita bernama Yoana dari

sebuah permainan video berjudul The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt terutama pada misi

sampingan berjudul Master Armorer. Peniliti menganalisis kesetaraan gender,

penindasan terhadap wanita dan bagaimana karakter tersebut melawan penindasan

dengan kekuatan karakter tersebut.

Penelitian ini memiliki tiga pertanyaan. Pertanyaan pertama

mendiskusikan tentang karakteristik Yoana sebagai perempuan yang ditindas.

Pertanyaan kedua mendiskusikan tentang masalah kesetaraan gender di dalam

cerita. Pertanyaan ketiga mendiskusikan bagaimana Yoana memperkuat dirinya

sebagai perempuan yang akan melawanan penindasan.

Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, peneliti melakukan penelitian

persputakaan. Pendekatan feminis diterapkan pada riset ini. Tesis ini juga

didorong oleh beberapa teori. Teori yang diterapkan yakni teori karakteristik oleh

Murphy, konsep kesetaraan gender oleh beberapa ahli, teori pemberdayaan

kekuatan wanita oleh Mandal.

Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Yoana digambarkan sebagai karakter yang

lemah karena ia ditindas, merupakan orang rendahan, dipandah sebelah mata

tetapi ia memilii hati yang mulia. Masalah kesetaraan gender digambarkan jelas

bahwa karakter pria lebih mendominasi di masyarakat. Ditambah lagi, patriarki

juga menjadi akar permasalahan dari penindasan Yoana sebagai wanita. Tetapi,

situasi Yoana tidak menghentikan ia untuk bangkit and melawan paham tersebut.

Ia berhasil melawan perlakuan negative dari karakter pria lainnya bahwa ialah

pemegang gelar “master armorer” yang sebenarnya.

Kata kunci: Gender equality, Women‟s empowerment, Video Game, The Witcher

3: Wild Hunt.


1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Literature could embody in many forms, such as a book, movie, drama or

even music. According to Krystal, quoting from Marcus and Sollors, “literary

means not only what is written but what is voiced, what is expressed, what is

invented, in whatever form” (Arthur, 2014, para. 1). Based on the definition,

literature could be everything. It could embody in various kind of work as long as

it could be expressed.

The digital era has covered almost in all regions in the world. Delivering a

message, narration and story could be done almost in form of various media, such

as book, movie, drama or music, as Krystal stated. These elements might be

known in form of short story, or poem. However, following the development of

the era, we have arrived in where message, narration and story could be delivered

through video games.

Deriving from newzoo.com, “There are now more than 2,5 billion gamers

across the world” (Wijman, 2019, para. 3). It proves that video games are almost

known to each individual around the globe. Video games are played by various

ages. It does not limit the number of age for its players. In fact, however, each

video game has its own rating of age. For example, the most known fighting

game, Mortal Kombat released in 1992 by Midway Games Inc, rated M (stands

for “Matured”).


2

Video game has been a debate whether it has the connection to literary

work or not. N.S Araujo on „Literature and Videogames: Adaptation and

Reciprocity‟ wrote a statement.

…other absolute successes produced thanks to the partnership between

Literature and videogames were Dante’s Inferno (2010), based on the

classic novel by Dante Aliguieri, “Divine Comedy”, and Middle-earth:

Shadows of Mordor (2014), based on the narratives by J. R. R. Tolkien.

(Araujo, 2017, p. 229).

Based on the statement above, there is the connection between literary

work and video game. In fact, video games are made based on the literary work

itself. Another example that is The Witcher series and it is inspired from The

Witcher by Andrzej Sapkowski.

One of literary elements in a literature is called narration. According to

Kokemuller, “a narrative is a literary work that involves the retelling of a story.”

According to the statement, narration is indeed a part of literary works.

The interactive narrative is still a new form of digital literature that is

continuing to grow and change in new, exciting ways. Many game

developers have made great efforts at pushing the boundaries of what is

now possible within storytelling, and video games such as this year‟s

SXSW Excellence in Narrative nominee Her Story and winner The

Witcher 3: The Wild Hunt have proven themselves to have plenty of

literary merit. Video games are still a new enterprise and have still not

found their full potential. Yet recent games have shown us a glimpse into

the future of the industry and the possibilities it holds for storytelling.

(Joly, 2016, para. 8).

As stated before, video game has produced a debatable issue. By the

statements above, the present research could draw conclusion that video game has

the element of a literary work, which is the element of being narrative. According

to the statement by R. Joly, it is proven that video games are literary works. In

fact, it is also mentioned that The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt is part of it.


3

CD Projekt RED‟s The Witcher is one of most known video game in the

world. The Witcher video games are developed based on the books itself. The

books are written by Andrzej Sapkowski. According to Dwiar in The Witcher

series contains of 8 books in total. In the other hand, the video game adaptation

from CD Projekt RED is trilogy video games. It consists of The Witcher (2007),

The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings (2011) and lastly The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt

(2015). In the present study, the researcher focused on the third series of The

Witcher video game entitled The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.

The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt is a massive open world RPG video game,

developed by CD Projekt RED and also published by the same production house.

The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt continues the saga of monster slayer for hire, Geralt.

Geralt is the main protagonist throughout the plot. However, during the

exploration, one secondary mission (side quest) caught the attention of present

researcher. The side quest discussed is Master Armorers.

Master Armorers side quest caught the interest of the present researcher.

The narration of the plot in the side quest produces interesting issues, those are

gender equality and also empowerment. Deriving from the character named

Yoana, the issues listed happened to her as she experienced patriarchal system.

These issues caught the intention of the present researcher because it is rarely

found that a video game has feminism element in it. Thus, the present researcher

was interested to bring these issues deeper through this study.

One issue listed is gender equality. Quoting from Rao equality means “The

rights of women should be the same as of men and no one has the right to


4

suppress her” (Rao, 2016). From the description above, woman should have the

same opportunity as men and none of the right to bury them. It relates back to the

issue in the video game. Yoana, as a woman, feels the tension from her partner

Fergus. Despite of being an equal partner to each other, Fergus does not care

about that and believes that he is the best at forging armors.

Gender equality has been a matter to discuss until nowadays. CD Projekt

RED‟s The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt successfully inserted the element of criticism in

their game. The present researcher did not expect to encounter such matter to

discuss. As stated before, it is rarely happened to a video game where feminism

element is inserted in the game. One of them is The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.

Talking about gender equality does not simply answer whether it is equal

or not. However, woman‟s empowerment also related to equality itself. According

to Cronin-Furman, “empowerment should mean that women gain the ability to

challenge and combat their oppression” (Cronin-Furman as cited in Rogers,

2020). The work which the present researcher analyzed emphasized on the woman

character, Yoana, in challenging the patriarchal system in her society. The

character also proves that she could do better and she establishes equality itself.

Yoana is a woman character appeared in the video game. Specifically, she

appears in the quest Master Armorers. The side quest or secondary quest is about

the main character of the game, Geralt, looking for a true and fine armor maker,

which they entitle it as “Master Armorer.” Geralt meets Fergus, the dwarf, who

claimed himself as the true “Master Armorer.” However, when Geralt is speaking


5

to Fergus, his partner Yoana, intervenes they conversation. Fergus tells Yoana to

stop and let him do the talking.

Across the storyline and narration, there would be a local lieutenant who

required good-built quality armor. However, same as Fergus, the lieutenant

underestimates Yoana‟s potential. Instead, she crafts an armor for Geralt. In short,

Yoana is proven to be the true “Master Armorer.”

The point of the summary is to emphasize that along with the narration,

Yoana is being underestimated by nearby male characters. It does not apply to

Geralt, the main character of the game, because he is only a neutral character.

Yoana, as a woman, is being in the position where equality is none existence.

With the potential she possessed, Yoana actually a strong woman who could

prove that she is an independent woman.

The present study is worth to be observed because it is interesting that the

object of the study was from a video game. Secondly, gender equality is one

popular issue in the world that is still in debate. Gender issue could be found

almost in every part of the globe. Therefore, the present study is expected to

contribute on the further study on the aspect and globe of feminism in video

games, especially The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt. For practical benefit, the present

study could give theoretical analysis of gender equality and empowerment in The

Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.

B. Problem Formulation

The present undergraduate thesis aims to theoretically answer several

research questions as follows:


6

1. What are the characteristics of Yoana described in the The Witcher 3: Wild

Hunt - Master Armorers side quest?

2. How is the gender inequality issue depicted in the The Witcher 3: Wild

Hunt - Master Armorers side quest?

3. How does Yoana empower herself to be equal as Fergus in The Witcher 3:

Wild Hunt - Master Armorers side quest?

C. Objective of the Study

In accordance with aforementioned research problems, the present study

aims to reveal gender equality and women empowerment issue in the video game

The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt from a female character, Yoana. Firstly, it aims to

characterize the category of the female character mentioned, Yoana. Secondly, it

aims to reveal the gender equality issue that has been a problem throughout the

narration of the story. Thirdly, it aims to identify the empowerment coming from

the female character, Yoana, and how the character mentioned fights back against

patriarchal environment to achieve the equality itself. The first research problem

aims to classify the protagonist of the narration in this secondary mission Master

Armorer whether Yoana is the oppressed or oppressor. The second and third

research problem will reveal the gender inequality and also how the woman

character tries to against patriarchal society to achieve equality. The points

explained are the objective in the present undergraduate thesis.

D. Definition of Terms

In this part, the present researcher provides brief explanation to several

keywords and terms that are discussed in the following analysis.


7

Gender equality. Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being

Research written by Abendroth and edited Michalos defines the term as “the equal

participation of women and men in different life domains (e.g., the economy,

social life, politics, education)” and also “Women‟s rights movements linked to

the first and second wave of feminism fought to establish gender equality as a

fundamental human right” (Abendroth, 2014, p. 106).

Women’s Empowerment. Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-

Being Research edited by Alex C. Michalos defines the term as “the process of

increasing women‟s access to control over the strategic life choices that affect

them and access to the opportunities that allow them fully to realize their

capacities” (Chen and Tanaka, 2014, p. 305).

Video game. According to “Simulation versus narrative” written by

Gonzalo Frasca, the term is defined “as extensions of narrative” and also “a

particular way of structuring simulation, just like narrative is a form of structuring

representation.” (Frasca, 2003, pp. 222–224).


8

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In this chapter, the present researcher discusses the review of literature. It

is divided into three sections. First, the present researcher discusses review of

related studies. Second, the present researcher discusses review of related theories.

Lastly, the present researcher closed the chapter with theoretical framework.

A. Review of Related Studies

The first related study is written by Mahdyawati entitled Rahima’s

Struggle Against Oppressions as Seen in The Pearl That Broke Its Shell. The

mentioned undergraduate thesis discusses a female character named Rahima in

against the patriarchal system.

In several cultures, there is a strong domination of men toward women.

Women are limited by social construction that says men who have more

power than women. Women cannot do whatever they want because men

use power to control and dominate women. From this condition, women

suffer oppression (Mahdyawati, 2020, p. 1).

There are three problem formulations discussed in the undergraduate

thesis. The related study firstly discusses the characteristic of the character,

Rahima. Secondly, it discusses what oppression Rahima experienced in the book.

Thirdly, the study discusses how Rahima struggles against oppressions.

The writer applied three theories to answer the research problems. The first

theory applied is theory of character and characterization. The theory is 9 ways to

make the characters understandable and feel alive by M.J Murphy. The study

applies 2 ways, those are thought and reactions. The second theory applied by the


9

writer was theory of patriarchy. The theory reviewed is based on various writers.

The study compiles various patriarchy theories to answer the problem

formulation. The third theory applied in the study is theory of feminism. The

theory is similar to the second theory. The writer compiled theories from various

writers and applied them to answer the research problem

From the issue, which appears in the novel, feminist literary criticism is

relevant as the opproach to analyze the struggle of Rahima against

oppressions as seen in The Pearl That Broke Its Shell by Nadia Hashimi

(Mahdyawati, 2020, p. 20).

The approach applied in the study is feminist literary criticism. The

method used by the writer was library research. The writer stated that feminist

approach is not only to find out the experience but also the women‟s struggle to

fight oppression in order to liberate them.

In the first related study, the study presents the characteristic of the

character Rahima. It is later found that Rahima is a submissive, brave and

optimistic woman. Meanwhile, the present study conducts similar aspect. In

second research question, Mahdyawati discusses the form of oppression done by

Rahima‟s father and husband. It is later found out that Rahima is given the

oppression physically and also psychologically. Lastly, Mahdyawati discusses the

turn point of the work. Rahima fights back the patriarchal system. Later, it is

found 3 ways how Rahima struggles against patriarchy. Meanwhile in the present

research, the researcher discusses similar problems. The present researcher

discusses on what gender equality issue happened in the narration. Secondly, the

present researcher discusses the empowerment coming from the female character

who is characterized as similarly to the portrayal of Rahima. The similarity


10

between Rahima and the present research character, Yoana, is clearly described

that both of the female character is being oppressed by patriarchal society.

The present research is none like other researches because it discusses a

video game. The video game which is the object of this research has a complex

narration similar to a novel. This is the stand point for the present research and

what makes it different from the previous studies.

The second study is taken from a journal article an written by Levita Setya

Budi and Dewi Widyastuti entitled “Self-Determination to Fight Oppressions as

Seen in the Main Character of The Color Purple by Alice Walker.” The study

discusses the form of oppression received by the main character of The Color

Purple, Celie.

As stated in the journal article, the study uses radical feminism theory to

analyze self-determination to fight the oppression. The theory is also supported by

feminism approach to analyze The Color Purple (Budi & Widyastuti, 2017, p.

116).

The writers pointed out three problems that were answered in the journal

article. First, the study analyses the character, Celie‟s characteristics. Second, the

study points out the oppressions experienced by the character, Celie. Lastly, the

study points out Celie‟s Self-determination to fight the oppression received.

Celie is experiencing the abuse from her stepfather. The writers of the

related study also state “Women, that are always being the victims of oppression,

did not keep silent. They make many movements to struggle and fight for their

rights throughout the history” (Budi & Widyastuti, 2017, p. 117). Later on, it is


11

found that the character Celie from The Color Purple used self-determination to

oppose oppression she received. Meanwhile, the present research also discusses

the oppression done by the male character throughout the narration and how the

female character, which is the oppressed one, opposes the patriarchal society that

suppressed the gender equality.

In conclusion, The Color Purple shows that women still experience

inequality in life. They get many oppressions, sexually and non-sexually.

It is because women are living under the domination of patriarchal society.

In a patriarchal society, women are the oppressed class (Budi &

Widyastuti, 2017, p. 124).

The conclusion of the study states that women are still experiencing

inequality in this life. The inequality discussed is of course none other than gender

inequality. As stated, “women are the oppressed class,” it means among a

patriarchal society women are still getting ill-treatment in form of various ways.

Celie, the main character of The Color Purple, proves that a woman must

be able to fight any oppression whatever characteristics that she has. As a

woman, Celie shows that she has to fight any oppression that she

experiences by having self-determination. She proves that her finding of

sexual and non-sexual self-determination helps her to react and fight

sexual and non-sexual oppressions that she experiences, and she could live

her life without any oppression (Budi & Widyastuti, 2017, p. 124).

The conclusion states Celie successfully oppose the oppression that she

experienced by having self-determination. Celie received sexual and non-sexual

oppression. She managed to fight it and achieve her freedom and live without

oppression.

The present research is discussing on a female character named Yoana.

She shares similar condition to Celie from The Color Purple. However, as stated

before, the present research‟s object is taken from video game. The present


12

research is different to others because it is not found that a research discussed

about oppression of a woman inside a video game story.

The third review of related study comes from the article entitled “Gender

Inequality in Video Games: The History of Gender-Related Issues in Gaming”

written by AJ Eaton. This article states that women are sometimes portrayed as

weaker character than men, physically and in term of intelligence.

Most feminist on the liberal side debate that our society gives us the wrong

impression into believing that women are not as intelligent and physically

strong as the male counterpart is (Eaton, 2018).

Based on the statement above, the present researcher could conclude that

women sometimes are described or portrayed as a weaker character. Meanwhile,

similar issue happened on the object of present research. Similar aspect happens to

the female character, Yoana in The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt Master Armorer side

quest. She is portrayed as a weaker character when the male character did not see

the full potential of the woman character.

The problem that was pointed out by the writer was the portrayal of female

characters in video games and also the population of female gamers around the

world. However, the present researcher focuses on the portrayal of women

characters in video games.

Gender inequality in video games has dated back since the 1980s with

characters portraying as different genders because of unpopular emotional

state or reactions from consumers and advertisers alike. Modern video

games have improved this issue but still include sexist features in certain

video game titles, as well as the community of female gamers being left

out and harassed for playing video games (Eaton, 2018, para. 1).

The study is based on field research. The writer discussed about the

percentage of female gamers around the world with providing statistic bar to make


13

it more understandable. Eaton stated the number of female gamers are keep

increasing until now (Eaton, 2018, para. 3).

Eaton also did library research by providing explanation on how gender

affected video game. One character from Super Mario Bros named Birdo is

identified as a male in the Super Mario Bros 2 released in 1988. Later on, the

character Birdo was revealed to be a boy who thinks himself as a girl. Birdo was

revealed to be a transgender character. The character was renamed as Birdetta

(Eaton, 2018, para. 6).

Video games as a medium are comparable to films. They are made for

both genders. Females should be able to choose their own gender when

picking a character. One of Liberal Feminists‟ goals is ending domestic

violence and sexual harassment towards women. This can be brought up

again as in many video game titles, there are an outrageous amount of

sexually harassing statements made to female characters. Liberal Feminists

would see changing these features to be beneficial to both male and female

parties and would want game developers to change them in a way that

female and male characters are equally distributed and acknowledged in

the game (Eaton. 2018, p. 15).

The article states that there is the element of women‟s struggle in video

games. This phenomenon is similarly happened in films. Even though, this

element is not “severe” when video game first developed in the 80s, this issue

occurs in modern video games too. The purpose of game developers is to provide

the equality between female and male characters.

The present study does not discuss about transgender character in a video

game. The present study provides an overview of how a female character received

the oppression from male characters. As stated, gender equality has been an aim

for game developers. The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt Master Armorer side quest is one


14

of many example where a woman or female character oppose the gender

inequality.

The fourth study is taken from journal article entitled “Video Games and

Gender: Game Representation, Gender Effects, Differences in Play, and Player

Representation” written by Michele Zorrilla in 2010.The study conducted uses

library research. The problems formulated in the journal article are what the

connection between gender and video games and gender representation in video

games.

Video games, like other media, undoubtedly have effects on shaping

people‟s perspectives. Before commenting on some of these effects, it is

necessary to address theories concerning other media, its effects, and how

they apply to this latest iteration today. While there are multiple theories in

regards to media and its effects, there are two of particular concern to this

paper: cultivation theory, and uses and gratifications theory (Cabeen, 2010,

p. 3).

The theory applied in the study is cultivation theory and uses and

gratifications theory. Cultivation theory focuses on the effect of television and

other media as well towards society. It is defined that “media consumption

„cultivates‟ in us a distorted perception of the world we live in, making it seem

more like television portrays it, than it is in real life” (Ivy & Backlund as cited in

Cabeen, 2010, pp. 4–5). Meanwhile, uses and gratification theory is also applied

to the study.

Focusing on the individual as the primary unit of data collection, uses and

gratifications has been used in the analysis of “a plethora of psychological

and social contexts including media dependency, ritualization,

instrumental, communication facilitation, affiliation or avoidance, social

learning, and role reinforcement” (Ruggiero as cited in Cabeen, 2010, pp.

3–4).


15

Quoting from William et al, the female character in most of video games is

categorized as secondary character. It means the characters rarely appeared.

This difference is heightened among the primary „doer‟ characters, where

males are even more likely to appear. As a general rule then, males appear

more frequently in games than females, and even more so as drivers of the

action. When females do appear, they are more likely to be in secondary

roles than primary ones. (William et al as cited in Cabeen, 2010, p. 9).

The portrayal of female character has been an interesting topic to discuss,

especially in the scope of video gaming. As the present research analyses, the

female character received the oppression from patriarchal system, where men are

portrayed stronger and more intellect than women. Women also have the intent to

oppose this stereotyping view. Therefore, the portrayal of women or female

characters in video games is various. In this case, the present study focuses on

how the female character Yoana is characterized, what gender equality issue

happened, and also how Yoana empowers herself to be equal as the male

character in the secondary quest.

B. Review of Related Theories

There are several theories applied to answer aforementioned research

questions. In this section, the present researcher provides brief explanations of the

theories applied. There are 3 theories to answer aforementioned the present

research questions. They are theory of characterization, theory of patriarchy and

lastly theory of women‟s empowerment.

1. Theory of Characterization

In every narration or narrative story, characters play an important role.

Simply, characters are the entities who make an appearance in the story.


16

Characters also appear in various kind of literature, including video games. In

fact, a video game must have a character in order to run the story. Character is

identified by the reader (or players) that it possesses particular moral, intellectual

and emotional qualities. A character is determined by the dialogue and from what

they do or action (Abrams, 1999, pp. 32–33).

In several form of literary works, such as novels and films, character is

defined as “a physical form with a set of psychological characteristics and as

someone who performs a series of actions” (Thabet, 2015, p. 39). Each character

in video game also has certain psychological characteristic. For example, one

character possesses the characteristic of hot-headed. It means, when player plays

the game and encounters such character, it would have the characteristic such as

easily angry towards other characters.

In order to understand the character inside a video game and also other

literary works, the concept of characterization is required to be reviewed. This

concept of characterization is called the theory of characterization.

Characterization is required in order to help readers, or in this case, players

understand how a certain character is portrayed in a video game.

According to Burroway, there are four different methods to identify the

characterization of a certain character. The methods are by identifying the

character‟s speech, thoughts, action and looks (Burroway, 2000, p. 54).

Character‟s speech covers everything that a certain character says. Simply,

it covers the utterance of a certain characters. How a certain character speaks is

also covered in this method.


17

Thoughts covers what a certain characters are thinking. The character‟s

thoughts and feelings towards a certain event is the main focus of this method.

How a certain character feels about something is also part of the “thoughts”

method.

Behavior of a certain character is covered in action method. What a

character does is the main focus in action method.

The last method is look. It covers how the appearance of the character

describes. It covers how the character dresses. The method, to put it simply, is

dealing with how the character looks.

The present researcher applies speech, thoughts and action methods in

order to answer the first research question.

2. Concept of Gender Equality

Discussing gender equality and looking at the fact at the moment, males

and females have different portion of rights in the society. The common case

happens in the society is the discrimination of gender. The object of the

discrimination is usually females. For example in late 19th

century, women had

difficulties in politics. They did not have the rights to vote.

According to Glossary Terms and Concepts by UNICEF, gender equality

is defined as the same proportion of rights received by men, women, girls and

boys. They must be treated equally in terms of condition, treatment and

opportunities.

The concept that women and men, girls and boys have equal conditions,

treatment and opportunities for realizing their full potential, human rights

and dignity, and for contributing to (and benefitting from) economic,

social, cultural and political development. Gender equality is, therefore,


18

the equal valuing by society of the similarities and the differences of men

and women, and the roles they play (Gender Equality: Glossary of Terms

and Concepts, 2017, p. 3).

Receiving equal treatments between males and females is gender equality.

Both sexes have the same treatment in all conditions. As the definition states, it

values similarities and also differences of men and women.

The effect, if there is no equality, is defined as inequality. In gender

equality, whether men and women, girls and boys receive equal treatments.

However, it does not apply in gender inequality. The ubiquitous phenomenon

regarding to this issue is women being oppressed by the system of men. This

system believes men are superior and women are the inferior.

In essence, gender equality emphasises the gendered aspects of

inequality and the groups generally marginalised by patriarchy. Thus,

the promotion of gender equality inevitably challenges patriarchy

insofar as it fights against gender inequalities. The latter are enabled by

the patriarchal system while also contributing to perpetuating it (Santos,

2019, para. 5).

As Santos stated, the gendered aspects of inequality, or gender

inequality, is caused by the system of patriarchy. Gender equality cannot be

established while the society still believes on men dominating and ruling

society. Discussing about the cause of this issue, patriarchy is also necessary to

discuss.

The world may see women as weaker figures than men. The social

background might be patriarchal and it might be dominant where women are seen

only in one-sided view. A research by Ashley Montagu states about female‟s

inferiority.


19

My many years of work and research as a biological and social

anthropologist have made it abundantly clear to me that from an

evolutionary and biological standpoint, the female is more advanced and

constitutionally more richly endowed than the male. It seemed to me

important to make facts clear. Those are the provable facts. (Montagu,

1999, p. 46).

Scientifically and biologically speaking, women is considered as the

“superior” to men (Montagu, 1999, p. 46). It means we can see that view of the

world or even point of view from society is not true. In fact, Montagu states, the

fact that female are “richly endowed than the male” is a provable facts.

The culture of the world has been dominated by the superiority, believing

that men or males are stronger or even smarter than women or females. The reality

is women are “forced” to believe the concept or the system of patriarchal system.

The concept like women should stay home and do house chores while men are in

the counting house and also in the table of director, for instance (Montagu, 1999,

p. 59).

The practice of men being the “lead” or considered as stronger than

women is understood as a term “patriarchy.” Patriarchy has been a fundamental

basis in the society. According to Kate Millett, “patriarchal power is ubiquitous”.

It means the system has spread and implemented almost everywhere. Millett adds

“Patriarchy is a fundamental part of all representations because these are

permeated by male power” (Millet as cited in Humm, 1994, p. 44).

According to Madsen (2000), patriarchy is defined as cultural or

ideological concept that gives privilege to men or other masculine things,

including political system at expense of women (Madsen, 2000, p. xii). To put it


20

simply, patriarchal is a system in which society believes that men or males have

high privilege in the society and also the male or men dominating the society.

The connection between patriarchy, gender equality and inequality could

be seen in how it works. Gender equality will never be established in society if the

system of patriarchy itself is still there. The establishment will never be there

because the concept patriarchy believes men are always stronger and more

capable. It leaves the fact that women have no choice but bow down to the system.

The result of the system leaves a mark in form of gender inequality where men

and women have different portion of rights among the society. Lastly, gender

equality will never be achieved as long as patriarchal system is still there.

Santos states “gender equality emphasises the gendered aspects of

inequality and the groups generally marginalised by patriarchy” (Santos, 2019,

para. 5). Patriarchy relates to gender equality and inequality. Patriarchy also

results the marginalization of women among patriarchal society. The

marginalization is symbolized as a gap between men and women‟s rights in the

society.

3. Theory of Women’s Empowerment

Women have been a victim to some kind and also several of abuse. The

history itself shows that among of all deprived groups, women are the one who

suffer the most. Their suffering is not based on culture, race, region or even

religion. They suffered from abuse, molestation, violence, rape, malnutrition, ill

treatment and all sorts of deprivation words (Mandal, 2013, p. 17).

It is a fact that women have been suffering in every age and country from

their protectors i.e., fathers, brothers, uncles, neighbors and others in


21

childhood; boyfriends and lovers in youth; husbands and in-laws in

married life; while from sons and others in old age (Mandal, 2013, p. 17)

The fact that the suffering of women, based on Mandal (2013), it is all

done by men by subjugating women in different phases in their lives and through

the ages. Women had been regarded by man as inferior, and had robbed of the

rights. Since then, the issue is a world question (Langley and Fox as cited in

Mandal, 2013, p. 17).

To define “empowerment,” Bhadra (2006) defines empowerment refers to

“increasing the power of the low-power group, so that it more nearly equals the

power of the high power group.” The statement mentions “group.” In this

particular case and also in the present research, the “group” refers to men and

women. In this case, empowerment refers to increase the women‟s power to

achieve equality from men (Bhadra as cited in Mandal, 2013, p. 18).

Meanwhile, Sushama Sahay (1998), defines “empowerment” as “an active,

multi-dimensional process which enables women to realize their full identity and

powers in all spheres of life.” (Shay as cited in Mandal, 2013, p. 18).

It implies decentralization of power and authority in the deprived,

oppressed and powerless people who have not been able to participate in

decision making and implementation of policies and programs of both

government organizations as well as in societal matters (Mandal, 2013, p.

18).

Women‟s empowerment focuses on gaining power and authority as

experienced by the oppressed and powerless people (in this case, women). It

encourages women to oppose the system of patriarchy. As stated before,

patriarchy is the source of women suppression. Women‟s empowerment, in


22

simple definition, is a process of opposing the patriarchal system to gain the

equality in the society.

According to Mandal (Mandal, 2013, pp. 19–24), there are 5 types of

women‟s empowerment. Those are social, educational, economic, political and

psychological.

a. Social empowerment

Social empowerment focuses on strengthening the social relation between

women and their social status. Social empowerment also focuses on most of

feminism theory. It also opposes the discrimination to women seen from

disability, race, ethnicity, religion and gender.

b. Educational empowerment

Educational empowerment focuses on the importance of literacy towards

gender empowerment. Mandal (2013) states “Without proper education to all

children including girls, gender empowerment is not possible.” The connection to

women‟s empowerment is that girls are needed to be educated in order to realize

their rights and duties. Receiving education boosts self-confidence, self-esteem

and self-sufficiency.

c. Economic empowerment

Economic empowerment focuses on women have the equal resources in

market. By the equality of women in economic system, women would gain greater

control over resources, such as material, human and intellectual like knowledge,

information, ideas and financial resources like money and also decision making in


23

home, community, society and nation and to gain power (Kapur as cited in

Mandal, 2013, p. 21).

d. Political empowerment

Political empowerment focuses on women having the same portion as men

in the politic world. The purpose of political empowerment is to give women right

to formulate policies and programs. Rajput (2001) supports this statement by

stating that without political participation, it is difficult of women to increase

effectiveness, capacity, challenging existed power structure and patriarchal

ideology (Rajput as cited in Mandal, 2013, p. 22).

e. Psychological empowerment

Psychological empowerment aligns with social empowerment.

Psychological empowerment is not only transgressing the patriarchal taboos

among society but also self-confidence. Furthermore, the empowerment gives

women satisfaction in various ways related to work, living, learning and adjusting

personal and financial situation.

The present research uses 2 types of women‟s empowerment according to

Mandal (2013). The research applies social empowerment and educational

empowerment to cover the base of theoretical answer for the research question

available.

C. Theoretical Framework

The present research provides 3 research questions which answers and

analysis are required. In the present research, 3 theories are discussed and

reviewed. Each theory answers the research questions provided in this research.


24

To analyze and answer the first research question, the theory of character and

characterization by Murphy is used. There are 9 ways that the author used to make

the character feels alive. The 9 ways of characterization helps the present

researcher to answer the first research problem. The first research question

demands the characteristic of a certain character. The theory of characterization is

used to answer the first research question.

Theory of gender equality helps the present researcher to answer the

second and also to support the third research question. Discussing about gender

equality and women‟s empowerment cannot be separated to patriarchal system of

society. Therefore, the theory of patriarchy is provided to be the basis of the

present researcher‟s answer for the second research question. The theory of

patriarchy helps the present researcher to identify the gender equality issue

appeared from the source.

The theory of women‟s empowerment helps the present researcher to

answer the third research question. The 5 types of women‟s empowerment help

the present researcher to identity which one of the five types does the character

uses to achieve gender equality among patriarchal society. The third research

question is answered based on the theory of women‟s empowerment.

These three theories are the basis for the present researcher to answer and

also identify the answer for each of the research questions formulated. There

theories are related to each other. The theories reviewed above are the keys for the

present researcher to answer each of the research equation formulated and finally

to draw the conclusion.


25

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the present researcher explains the methodology

implemented in the research. It is divided into three sections. First, the present

researcher explains the object of the study. Second, the present researcher explains

the approach used in the study. Lastly, the present researcher explains the method

used in the study.

A. Object of the Study

The object of the study, which is the present object of this research, is a

popular video game among gamers around the globe. This video game achieved

more than 10 awards from 2013 (pre-release) until 2016. The video game is

claimed to have the best storyline ever in the industry of gaming. The video game

is entitled The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt developed by CD Projekt Red and published

by CD Projekt.

According to Wikipedia, The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt is the third series of

The Witcher series. The first series, The Witcher is released in 2007. Following

the second series, The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings is released in 2011. Lastly,

The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt is released in 2015 with two downloadable contents,

Heart of Stone (2015) and Blood and Wine (2016).

The Witcher franchise has achieved very good reviews among the players.

The user reviews for The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt from Metacritic is shown to

achieve the score of 93. Specifically, The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt was crowned as


26

GOTY (Game of The Year) in 2015 upon its release. The GOTY edition was

launched in 2016 with complete edition of the game, including its DLC, such as

Heart of Stone and Blood and Wine expansions.

The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt has a lot of narratives to explore. There are two

categories of mission in this game. First is the main quest where the main story

goes on and second is the side quest where player could choose not to run the

quest. The focus of the present research is one of many side quests that the main

protagonist, Geralt, encounters in the game.

The side quest or secondary mission discussed is Master Armorer side

quest. The side quest is triggered with Geralt interacting with NPC nearby. For the

specific, the name of the region is Crows Perch. NPC is an abbreviation of non-

playable characters. Unlike Geralt, which player controls him, NPC cannot be

controlled by the players.

Master Armorer side quest focuses on Geralt intends to get a new armor

for him. Geralt meets Fergus, the dwarf who crowned as “master armorer.” Fergus

has a work partner named Yoana. Along the story, Yoana keeps telling Fergus that

if Geralt wants a good quality and durable armor, he must retrieve a legendary

tool in Undvik, a place where an ice monster is guarding. In short, Geralt managed

to retrieve the tool, however, Fergus does not allow Yoana to interfere his work.

Yoana cannot take how Fergus mistreats her. She decided to make her own armor

for Geralt. The result is Yoana‟s crafting is better than Fergus.

To be more precise, the present research analyzes the story of Master

Armorer side quest dialogue script and also the scene in the video game itself,


27

especially on how Yoana is being oppressed and how Yoana empowers herself to

be equal. Yoana is a minor character and the only woman character in the side

quest. She received ill-treatment from society which they believe men are better or

it called as patriarchy.

B. Approach of the Study

The present study chooses feminist literary criticism approach to be the

basis of the analysis. The present researcher chooses feminist literary criticism

because it is best and suitable for the phenomenon that happens in the story of The

Witcher 3: Wild Hunt Master Armorer side quest.

Indeed, feminism has often focused upon what is absent rather than what is

present, reflecting concern with the silencing and marginalization of

women in a patriarchal culture, a culture organized in the favor of men

(Guerin et al, 2005, pp. 222–223).

Feminist literary criticism focuses on the concern with the suppressing

women in patriarchal society. It also deals with the marginalization or the gap of

women among a society favored to men known as patriarchy system.

Feminist literary criticism is also defined as “belief in and desire for

equality between sexes.” In this case, both sexes cover man and woman. Feminist

literary criticism aims for the equality in society, politics and economy. Feminist

activist from Bell Hooks defines feminism as “a movement to end sexism, sexist

exploitation, and oppression” (Dastagir, 2017, para. 2).

Feminist literary criticism is suitable for the present research. The

discriminations and oppressions experienced by Yoana, the woman in the story, is

likely to be the equality issue in society. Discussing gender equality does not


28

leave behind the term “empowerment.” As Guerin et al said, it opposes the

marginalization and also the silencing of women in patriarchal culture.

The approach aforementioned is used to get closer to the work, especially

the conversations and dialogues between each character. Feminist approach could

make a way for the present researcher to identify the gender equality issue and

how a female figure could oppose it through empowerment. In addition, feminist

approach also critically views the oppression experienced by women, including in

a video game.

C. Method of the Study

The present research implements library research. The primary source of

this research is a side mission or side quest in a video game The Witcher 3: Wild

Hunt entitled Master Armorer side quest. The analysis of the present research is

also supported by several sources. The secondary sources are taken from printed

and also electronic books, journal articles, online articles and also previous

undergraduate thesis. For instance, to understand the characterization of Yoana,

the present researcher reads Understanding Unseens by M.J Murphy. To

understand feminist approach, A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Feminist

Literary Criticism by Maggie Humm is used. To define women‟s empowerment, a

journal article written by K.C Mandal entitled Concept and Types of Women

Empowerment is used.

The three problems formulated are answered based on several books and

theories. The theories used are theory of characterization, patriarchy and women‟s

empowerment. The first search problem is answered based on the theory of


29

characterization. Following the first research question, the second is answered

based on theory of patriarchy. Lastly, the research problem is answered based on

theory of women‟s empowerment.

In order to complete the analysis, the present researcher implemented

seven steps. First, the present researcher read and tried to understand deeply to the

primary source, The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt by playing the game and played also

the side quest aforementioned. Second, the present researcher formulated research

problem which consists of three research questions. Third, secondary sources, for

instance, several related studies were reviewed. Fourth, the present researcher set

the suitable approach and theories. Following the fourth step, evidences were

collect from the dialogue script of Master Armorer side quest. Sixth, in order to

draw the conclusion, the present researcher analyzed and interpreted the evidences

under the theories chosen. Finally, the conclusion is drawn based on the analysis.


30

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

This part of the research provides answers to the research questions. The

analysis is formulated into three parts. First, the present researcher provides

answer to the characterization of Yoana. Second, the present researcher identifies

the gender inequality issue seen in the side quest. Third, the present researcher

provides answer to how Yoana empowers herself to oppose against the inequality

issue.

A. The Characterization of Yoana

According to four methods by Burroway, there are four methods to

understand a certain character. It is by the method of speech, thoughts, action and

look. In this analysis, the present researcher applies three out of four methods.

Those are speech, thoughts and action.

1. Underestimated as an inferior

The following analysis is based on Burroway‟s thought and speech

method. Based on the perspective from Fergus, Yoana‟s partner, and the local

lieutenant, Yoana is underestimated. Fergus does not allow Yoana to speak to

customer. Instead, Fergus says he would do the talking.

FERGUS. Ought to know one thing when it comes to armor: if it‟s gotta be

durable, it can‟t be light.

YOANA. It can. Just needs the proper tools to make it. Tools like the folk

of Clan Tordarroch used in Undvik.

FERGUS. Yoana, I told you time and again to stay silent when I talk to

customers. Shouldn‟t pester folk with those nonsense Skellige

legend o‟yours.

(The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, 2015, p. 1).


31

Based on the conversation Fergus and Yoana have, Fergus does not

believe what Yoana tells him even though they are partners in their work. As

stated, Yoana knows the truth of the tool to make what Geralt meant, in this case

the legendary tool. She tells Fergus about the tools. It turns out that Fergus

rejected what Yoana tells him. Instead, he tells her to stay silent and do not bother.

Figure 1

On the other hand, the local lieutenant, who approaches them in early story

also has the similar point of view of Yoana. The lieutenant also sees Yoana as an

overbold person. Even though the lieutenant is not underestimating Yoana directly

through his dialogue, he implies the meaning of underestimating Yoana.

YOANA. The new tools – we can do it! Stoke the fire, I‟ll ready the rest!

LIEUTENANT. Bold, your worker. You allow her much.

FERGUS. Er, you know how it is, general. Good help‟s hard to come by.

We should go outside, there‟s business to discuss.


From the conversation between Yoana, Fergus and the lieutenant, the

doubt coming from the lieutenant is real. By saying to Fergus “You allow her

much,” he implies that Yoana should not be discussing the work with them. Here,


32

the lieutenant does not pay any attention at all to what Yoana says. Instead, he

says that Fergus allow Yoana too much to take her position to work.

Underestimated as an inferior means Yoana is being seen as she having

minor role for the forge to run. Inferior is the opposite of superior. The

domination of Fergus and the lieutenant really puts Yoana alone as a woman

because both of them see Yoana similarly. Yoana is categorized as inferior

because of the domination of men, the superior class. The domination puts Yoana

in where she could not deliver her right to speak, in this case, to speak to

customers.

Yoana is given ill-treatments from her partner. The underestimation

coming from Fergus can be seen in the conversation between him, Geralt and

Yoana in their first meeting. Yoana tells a truth about legendary tool in Clan

Tordarroch. Fergus silences Yoana right away by saying that the tool is nonsense

and it is only a myth.

When Yoana tells the truth about the tool, Fergus does not believe in his

partner. In addition to what Fergus does to Yoana, a local lieutenant approaches

them. Once again, Yoana joins the conversation to the lieutenant. It turns out that

the lieutenant has similar view to Fergus, as stated before.

It makes Yoana feels underestimated by both Fergus and the lieutenant.

Fergus tells her not to talk to customer and also the legendary tool. The lieutenant

says to Fergus that he allows Yoana much.

Yoana realizes that Fergus and the lieutenant put her in low-powered class,

as an inferior. When Yoana has her chance to have conversation to Geralt, she


33

unexpectedly said about how she is treated this whole time before Geralt arrives in

their workplace. Yoana says she is treated like she is nobody, just a menial labor.

Yoana is treated no more than a helper. According to what Fergus and the

lieutenant said about Yoana, it really puts her to bravely talk about the ill-

treatment she received.

YOANA. It‟s always the same! I‟ve had enough!

GERALT. Enough?

YOANA. They treat me like I'm nobody, the menial labor. Truth is, the

Nilfgaardian, the one Fergus is kissing up to - I'll have to craft

his armor. Yours, too, for that matter.


2. Skillful

Even though Fergus and the lieutenant treat her not so well, Yoana is

actually skillful. This analysis is based on the application of action. In the

beginning of the story, Yoana is described as a weak figure. She does not have big

influence to where she works. Fergus, on the other hand, underestimates her until

she feels like she is treated as nobody.

Behind the negative condition around Yoana, she is actually a woman with

outstanding talent. It is proven in the game when Yoana makes her own armor for

the lieutenant and Geralt. Yoana crafts an armor with her own way of making one.

On the other hand, Fergus also makes his own armor. Yoana makes her own

armor without Fergus knowing it.

Near the end of the story, both of the armors are ready to be tested. Fergus

and the lieutenant are surprised by Yoana making her own armor. In order to

prove the durability, both armors need to be tested by shooting it with arrow bolts.

Geralt wears the armor crafted by Yoana. However, no one is able to wear the


34

armor crafted by Fergus. At that moment, there is a civilian passing by and he

wants to meet Fergus. The lieutenant insists for the man to wear Fergus‟ armor.

The testing begins by shooting both of the armors with arrow bolts. The

result is Yoana‟s armor is proven to be more durable than Fergus‟. The

skillfulness of making armor is implemented in Yoana. It turns out that she is the

actual “master armorer” instead of Fergus.

3. Forgiving

This analysis in based on what Yoana does to Fergus. It is based on

Burroway‟s action method. As the previous analysis describes about Yoana being

underestimated and also in the state of being inferior, Yoana is a forgiving person.

She has a generous heart even though Fergus mistreats her for a long time. Yoana

is willing to give her forgiveness to Fergus after what she received from him.

After knowing that Yoana is proven to be better, Fergus and with his

sadness and sorry, intends to leave the forge and not to bother Yoana with his

presence. Instead of letting Fergus go or even make Fergus go away, Yoana

produces different action than expected. She wants Fergus to stay instead and help

her with the forge. As the analysis described, Fergus makes Yoana feels like

nobody and also let her to be powerless to speak up. However, she shows her

forgiving figure to Fergus.

The characterization of Yoana being forgiving could be seen in her action

when she decides to accept Fergus back even though he could go and not bother

Yoana anymore. Instead of letting Fergus go, Yoana forgives him for what he did

and accepts him as her partner again.


35

FERGUS. I‟ll be goin‟, to, methinks… Just get my things.

YOANA. Wait. We needn‟t part ways, Fergus. You‟ve been a good helper

– we could go on that way. But… without the lie…

FERGUS. Hmm… We did make quite the pair

(The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, 2015, p. 7)

Figure 2

In the end of the quest, Yoana is proven to be better than Fergus at making

armor. The result also surprised the lieutenant that Yoana is actually the “master

armorer.” Following to the storyline, Fergus who feels down mentally and thinks

that he is not worthy to work anymore decides to move away so that Yoana could

take control the forge. However, Yoana stops him and says something generous.

Yoana wants Fergus to stay and help her to restart their relation in making armor.

Yoana is a great-hearted character. Despite she is being oppressed by other

characters, she would give them chance to fix Fergus‟ mistakes.

B. Gender Equality Issue in The Side Quest

The side quest begins when Geralt, the protagonist of the video game, is in

search for the local warlord, Bloody Baron. He arrives at the small region named

Crows Perch. Here, the players could interact with Fergus, the dwarf. By

interacting Fergus, the players would receive the side quest entitled “Master

Armorer.” Then, the side quest begins as Geralt needed new armor.


36

Fergus, the dwarf, is working with his partner, Yoana. Yoana is a

supporting character that has complex characteristics. As the characteristic

described, Yoana receives inequal treatment from her partner in their work. By the

existence of this inequality, gender equal is still nonexistence.

To put it simply, gender equality is both men and women have the same

right to possess or to do something. UNICEF states that between men and women,

boys and girls, they must have equal treatment from the society.

The concept that women and men, girls and boys have equal conditions,

treatment and opportunities for realizing their full potential, human rights

and dignity, and for contributing to (and benefitting from) economic,

social, cultural and political development. Gender equality is, therefore,

the equal valuing by society of the similarities and the differences of men

and women, and the roles they play (Gender Equality: Glossary of Terms

and Concepts, 2017, p. 3).

The basic premise of gender equality is having equal rights to possess, in

every condition, without any gender limitation. In the side quest, Yoana as the

only woman, is experiencing gender inequality. This issue comes up from the

beginning. However, Yoana manages to overcome the issue.

As described in the previous analysis regarding to Yoana‟s characteristics,

the unequal treatment from Fergus could describe what Yoana is facing. The issue

happened along the story of the side quest. The issue depicted in the side quest is

the patriarchal system that is implemented in two characters, Fergus and the

lieutenant. As stated before, the system believes men are always stronger and

more capable than women. Millet stated “patriarchy is ubiquitous.” It means the

system of “men” can be found almost everywhere. Millet adds it is a fundamental

part of all representation. In this case, Fergus and the lieutenant dominate the


37

society because they are men. Millet also adds patriarchy is permeated by male

power (Millet as cited in Humm, 1994, p. 44).

Fergus and the lieutenant believe that Yoana is just a helper in the forge.

Yoana is being the victim from the impact of patriarchy. The domination from

Fergus and the lieutenant would not give certain privilege in the forge, such as

leading it. Madsen emphasizes patriarchy as cultural or ideological concept that

gives privilege to men or other masculine things, including political system at

expense of women. It means Fergus and the lieutenant believe that they were

superior and woman, in this case, Yoana is someone whose the privilege is taken

(Madsen, 2000, p. xii).

Yoana, as the only woman character in the side quest, is being

discriminated, underestimated and oppressed. She becomes the object of

oppression. As a woman, Yoana experiences the impact of patriarchal system. The

system itself is not told directly by both Fergus and the lieutenant, however, how

both of the male characters do to Yoana and how they treat her shows how the

system controls both Fergus and the lieutenant.

As UNICEF states, being equal means both sexes receive equal treatments.

In this “Master Armorer” side quest, it is Yoana who does not receive any equal

treatments from Fergus, her partner, and the lieutenant. They treat Yoana as a part

of minority, which Yoana is described as the inferior. Meanwhile, Yoana is

struggling and finally awake that she is the object of the impact from the system.

Fergus, in fact, does not treat Yoana as he supposed to. Yoana is his

partner in work. However, Yoana is feeling oppressed by him. As partners, Fergus


38

should have aware that she is his partner. It means he should have trusted her.

Fergus, in the other hand, mistreats Yoana as if she is only “a helper” for him. It

means Yoana is restricted by him because she only does a work when Fergus told

her to. Yoana could not take this any further. She is aware that she is the object of

the patriarchy.

On the other hand, the lieutenant also does something similar to Yoana. It

is not like physical abuse or verbal abuse, however, it is more like a despise view

towards Yoana. Despise view from the lieutenant is more like an underestimating

perspective to Yoana in terms of her leadership in the forge. Based on how Yoana

is characterized in the first part, the lieutenant also takes part on making Yoana

not equal as others. He, in the beginning of the side quest, has similar view on

Yoana with Fergus. They see Yoana as if she is only a helper in the forge and

does not deserve to lead.

The lieutenant has his doubt on Yoana making armor for his army. Instead

of giving Yoana a chance to prove herself, he turns his alliance to Fergus which

they share same perspective on woman, in this case Yoana herself. The lieutenant

said Fergus allows her much. It means Fergus allows Yoana to dwell in the work

too much. The lieutenant also addresses Yoana as Fergus‟ worker. Even though,

they are partners, Fergus and Yoana, Fergus does not pay attention to it. Here, the

lieutenant and Fergus shows similar idea on woman, which woman is not allowed

to lead the work. They believe men are stronger in leadership than woman.

Patriarchal system that is believed by Fergus and the lieutenant limits

Yoana as a woman. With the existence of patriarchal believe from Fergus, Yoana


39

is limited in her rights. For example, she is limited in her freedom of speech. She

is not allowed to talk to customers and only Fergus can. The limitation exists

because Yoana has already been underestimated by Fergus. In addition, Yoana is

underestimated as an inferior. As stated, inferior does not possess big power in a

society. It makes Yoana receive oppression from Fergus seen from his action.

Figure 3

The analysis above shows that the difference of woman‟s opportunity is

limited by patriarchy. It is the main source of its problem in the very first place.

Yoana, from the beginning of the side quest story, is being discriminated.

Discrimination from Fergus and the lieutenant results Yoana to become inferior in

the nearby society. To make it simple, Fergus and the lieutenant does not give

Yoana a chance to actually show herself.

Yoana‟s potential is suppressed by both Fergus and the lieutenant. The

result of their suppression is that Yoana becomes smaller in portion. It means

Yoana becomes more minor in terms of giving impact along the story progresses.

However, Yoana did not just stay silent. She promised to herself to turn the

situation in a flash.


40

She possesses knowledge better than Fergus, in fact. She is capable to lift

up what‟s missing in the forge. She actually completes the forge where they,

Fergus and Yoana, works together. However, as written above, Yoana is

completely “stomped” by Fergus and lieutenant. However, back to main problem,

she could not talk freely as both Fergus and the lieutenant do not give Yoana

chance to talk.

At last, she decides to stand up for herself. She asks Geralt for a little help

to show that she is capable. After oppressions Fergus and the lieutenant give to

her, she manages to take the opportunity to realize and stand up for herself.

C. Yoana’s Ways to Empower Herself

Yoana has been receiving the oppressions from Fergus and the lieutenant,

which both of them are men. Yoana, as a woman, is being discriminated and even

she considers herself as “nobody” in front of her partner, Fergus and the

lieutenant. As she saus, Yoana is the object of these oppressions. Because of the

oppression she experiences, Yoana clearly states she is nobody in the forge while

working with Fergus. The lieutenant also adds the pressure and burden to Yoana‟s

shoulder because he also is giving the oppression by underestimating her.

As the previous points have already been discussed, Yoana is being

underestimated as an inferior by Fergus and the lieutenant. Yoana becomes the

object of the oppression because she is a woman and the only woman character in

the side quest. The effect of the oppression caused Yoana to doubt herself and

considers herself as nobody compared to Fergus and the lieutenant.


41

YOANA. They treat me like I'm nobody, the menial labor. Truth is, the

Nilfgaardian, the one Fergus is kissing up to - I'll have to craft

his armor. Yours, too, for that matter.


Both, Fergus and the lieutenant leaves her alone while they were

discussing business. Yoana is actually Fergus‟ partner. However, he does not

include Yoana as one or even as a partner. Fergus treats Yoana as if she was just a

“helper” when Fergus asks her to do something, she must do it right away without

any further discussion. As the result of this pressure, Yoana does not want herself

to be stuck in the same position as she was before. Yoana realizes that she needs

to do something to turn the situation.

Figure 4

Yoana is aware that she is the object of patriarchy. As discussed before,

patriarchy is the source of this equality issue happened in this side quest.

Patriarchy is implemented in the story of the side quest indirectly. It is because the

story does not mention patriarchy bluntly, however, it is shown by how the male

characters (Fergus and the lieutenant) treats Yoana along the side quest story.


42

The oppression of patriarchal system really “punches Yoana in the face.” It

means Yoana is fully realized that she is being oppressed. She states that she

would not remain in that state, oppressed. She would counter the oppression by

empowering herself. Empowerment which Yoana does, changes her from the

bottom into the top. Yoana possesses such potential and knowledge more than

Fergus. She does not run out of idea how to turn back the situation. She does turn

it as she promised to herself.

Geralt of Rivia, the main character of the game, listens to what Yoana

feels towards the oppression given to her. Geralt, unlike Fergus and the lieutenant,

he is willing to listen and help Yoana the way he could. Yoana asks him some

materials for making the new armor with her own ingredients.

GERALT. If that's the case, stand your ground. Don't let him treat you like

this.

YOANA. I won‟t, not anymore. He can craft the Nilfgaardian armor

himself. I'll make another suit, and we'll see which one's better. I

need but one thing I can‟t get on my own. Would you help me?

GERALT. Depends on what it is.


Geralt sparks the spirit from Yoana to come out as an independent being.

Geralt also wants Yoana to break the system, which he knows, Yoana is the object

of patriarchy oppression. Yoana realizes that part of her is actually able to turn the

situation. Therefore, Yoana decides to turn by empowering herself with her own

ways.

Badhra (2006) defines the term empowerment as “increasing the power of

the low-power group, so that it more nearly equals the power of the high power

group.” As discussed in the previous section, empowerment means increasing


43

power of a certain low-powered group. Essentially, empowerment gives low-

powered people strength to stand up. It means the people with low power have

their chance to be equal by opposing the equality issue.

Equality can be achieved by having two groups of people or more to possess

equal rights. Equal does not mean exactly same thing. However, equality stands

for balance between each side. In this case, equality for gender or gender equality

can be achieved by having both women and men to possess balance between their

rights and social status.

In addition, if patriarchal system exists in a certain society, equality would

never be established. It results to the marginalization of women in society. It

covers the limitation in certain right of women. This unequal treatment from

patriarchy could be opposed by empowering one self. It is where women‟s

empowerment exists. In order for women to achieve equal rights and receive equal

treatment, they empower themselves in some ways.

Women are often described as weaker character. It can be found in several

literature, or even video games like The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt especially for

Master Armorer side quest. The female character, Yoana, is described exactly as

an oppressed woman. To achieve equality for herself, she needs to empower

herself. As discussed before, empowerment means to give strength and power for

a certain low-powered group to achieve equality.

Yoana, categorized as low-powered individual, realizes that her presence is

in tight spot. It means she is oppressed by other male characters, Fergus and the

lieutenant. Yoana realizes that she could do something to turn the situation. Yoana


44

is capable of doing something and she, in fact, possesses something that Fergus

does not. At last, she empowers herself with her own ways. There are two

categories of empowerment that Yoana does to achieve equality in the patriarchal

society.

According to Mandal (2013), there are 5 ways women could empower

themselves. Those are social, educational, economic, political, psychological

empowerment. Yoana implements social and educational empowerment. Social

empowerment, according to Mandal, focuses on strengthening the relation

between women and their social status in the society. Educational empowerment

focuses on education. Yoana is probably given knowledge of forging good armor

more than Fergus. She shows it as she possesses knowledge to achieve equality.

1. Social Empowerment

Social empowerment means the character or a certain individual focuses

on his or her social status. Since The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt Master Armorer side

quest has gender issue to be discussed, the context is set to be “her.” It means

social empowerment focuses on how women or particular female character

achieve their social status among the society.

One female character in particular is Yoana from Master Armorer side

quest. The social status of Yoana before she implements women‟s empowerment

is dreadful. As seen in the discussions above, Yoana is oppressed by both Fergus,

her partner in work and the local lieutenant. The oppression experienced by Yoana

shapes her into a weak character in the story.


45

The characteristics of Yoana being the object of oppression changed after

she decides to do something to achieve equality, Yoana realizes that she is

oppressed by patriarchy. She wants to do something to make Fergus realizes that

she is actually capable and she is the true holder of “master armorer” title. She has

conversation with Geralt of Rivia, the main character of the game, that she had

enough with how others (men) treated her.

Yoana realizes that she is in tight spot where Fergus and the lieutenant

underestimate her. She emphasizes it as a “menial labor.” In addition, she also

emphasizes it that she is treated like she is a nobody. The lieutenant always

believes that Fergus is more capable than Yoana. That is the reason why Yoana

said Fergus is “kissing up” to the Nilfgaardian lieutenant.

Figure 5

Yoana realizes that she is not treated well. She implies that she is only and

no more than menial labor. She, in fact, is Fergus‟ partner. However, she is treated

not as she should be. Yoana implies only Fergus‟ commands her to work. Without

it, she is not able to touch the forge as she said “I'll have to craft his armor. Yours,

too, for that matter” (The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, 2015, p. 3).


46

Social empowerment is one of ways for women to achieve equality

through empowerment in social way. It means it is related to the stabilization of

social status in the aforementioned society. Yoana lives in patriarchal society in

which it believed that men or male are always more capable, stronger, more

reliable than women or female. The situation is a perfect chance for Yoana to

achieve equality in the patriarchal society. The reasons are first, Yoana is the only

women character in the side quest story. Second, Yoana possesses something

more than Fergus could imagine. Third, Yoana is strong enough to oppose the

inferiority and oppression she experienced.

Geralt, knowing this situation, sparks the sentences that makes Yoana

realized what she needs to do to achieve equality in the workplace. Geralt, as a

neutral character, he does not involve with underestimating or even oppressing

Yoana. The pressures which Yoana receives are fully from Fergus and the

lieutenant. Even though the lieutenant does not insult or mock her directly, he

does underestimate Yoana by not giving her a chance. Instead, he believes Fergus

that he was more capable to rely on.

YOANA. Horseshoes, nails…Not much else you can do, seeing as he

cocks up simple bungs. But in the end, they call him “master.”

No one‟d ever think I could be a skilled armorer - a human, and

a woman to boot. A dwarven blacksmith - that's another story…

GERALT. If that's the case, stand your ground. Don't let him treat you like

this.

YOANA. I won‟t, not anymore. He can craft the Nilfgaardian armor

himself. I'll make another suit, and we'll see which one's better. I

need but one thing I can‟t get on my own. Would you help me?

GERALT. Depends on what it is.



47

Finally, Yoana realized she needs to do something. With the conversation

between her and Geralt, Yoana realizes that she would not be in the same position

ever again. Yoana socially tries to be equal as Fergus by making another armor

and see which one is better. She also requires some help from Geralt to make her

vision came true.

As discussed, Yoana makes a decision that could change her life and how

others see her. Yoana is portrayed as a “helper” to her partner Fergus. Since then,

the story of Yoana does not have much role in the workplace. It is because others

and the society, including Fergus and the lieutenant, see her as a “lower” human

being. They do not consider Yoana as equal as themselves. In this point of view,

Yoana becomes the inferior and minor compared to Fergus and the lieutenant. The

influence of this inferiority makes Yoana strangled in the same position for a long

time.

Right after she is aware of the bad influence she received from Fergus and

the lieutenant, she decides to change it. She had enough of how Fergus treats her.

In addition to Fergus‟ treatment, the lieutenant also adds the oppression verbally

to Yoana. In this occasion, Yoana wants to speak up while she could. She finally

starts to talk about it to the neutral customer, Geralt of Rivia, the main character of

the game.

By having the courage to talk about the oppression and promising to her

that she would not be in the same position again are sign that Yoana practices

social empowerment. As stated, social empowerment deals with equal social

status between men and women. Yoana does the practice of social empowerment


48

because she is aware of the pressure, oppression and being underestimated by the

opposite sex. She would change her position as she stands up to do something that

could change her social status.

2. Educational Empowerment

In the moment Fergus and the lieutenant does mistreat Yoana, she has her

willing to stand back up and oppose the system. The system of patriarchy changes

the perspective of men towards women. The system does shape how Fergus and

the lieutenant‟s perspective to Yoana. As discussed in the characteristics of Yoana

in the story, she is the object of oppression from the patriarchal system. Yoana

experiences the unequal treatment from the men, Fergus and the lieutenant, whom

she lives around with. It means before Geralt arrive, she is already mistreated in

the very first place.

Yoana confesses that the situation is always the same. It means the

oppression and mistreatment from both Fergus and the lieutenant is constantly

occurs before Geralt arrives at the workplace. Yoana also implies she had enough.

She had enough with how Fergus and the lieutenant mistreats her. She could do

nothing, at that moment. She does not have the chance to prove herself that she

could be equal as Fergus and entitled as the “master armorer.”

At this point, Yoana does possess the willingness to be equal by

empowering herself. First, Yoana mentioned that she would not stick in the same

position as men dominating her. She promises to change her own fate and decides

not to be oppressed all over again. The mentioned situation is categorized as

social empowerment as a women or female character dares to oppose the “system


49

of men” known as patriarchy. The empowerment is named “social” because it

deals with women empowerment in term of social status. Yoana was an oppressed

female character and she was going to oppose the system.

In addition to her empowerment socially, Yoana proves it with educational

empowerment. Educational empowerment deals with men and women are

educated with equal treatment. It also covers the materials for education both men

and women. The weights of the materials do not possess the gender biased

materials. For instance, there is no difference of men and women to work in a

certain places. In this case, armor forging was not only meant for men but also

women and both of genders received equal knowledge.

Yoana, in fact, possesses the knowledge of armor making better than

Fergus. She could not show it because Fergus keeps hiding her for the reality that

his crafts are actually good in his opinion. In fact, when both Fergus and Yoana

make their own armors, Yoana is proven to be better than Fergus. It is because

Yoana understands the knowledge of armor crafting. Yoana even says it in the

very first place that she knows story of legendary tools to make high quality armor

but Fergus silences her instead.

FERGUS. Ought to know one thing when it comes to armor: if it‟s gotta

be durable, it can‟t be light.

YOANA. It can. Just needs the proper tools to make it. Tools like the folk

of Clan Tordarroch used in Undvik.


Yoana receives education before Geralt arrives or before the story even

began. Yoana knows all things about making good quality armors. Even if Fergus

is also able to craft his own armor, Yoana is still better. By receiving knowledge,


50

Yoana could realize their rights and duties. It is important for Yoana to fully

realize her rights as women, which is to be treated equally.

Educational empowerment not only deals with women realizing their

rights and duties among the society, but also boosts self-confidence, self-esteem

and self-sufficiency. Education and knowledge could empower one-self by one

receiving it. Self-confidence, self-esteem and self-sufficiency grow when one-self

mastered certain knowledge. By having self-confidence, self-esteem and self-

sufficiency in one-self, the chance to oppose incoming oppressions could be taken

care with ease.

In this case, Yoana is the one who promised herself to oppose the

patriarchal system with her knowledge that she possessed. Yoana and Fergus

work on the forge together. As “partners,” Yoana is also there when Fergus made

armors. Yoana, oppressed by the patriarchal system, would not be oppressed

anymore. She actually possesses the willing and knowledge that she could use to

oppose the system and to gain equality in the society. Yoana starts to make armors

along with Fergus. Both of them compete to prove which armor is the best. Fergus

crafts armor for the lieutenant. Meanwhile, Yoana crafts armor for Geralt.

The competition between Yoana and Fergus remains hot. Fergus used his

own recipes and knowledge to forge his armor. Meanwhile, Yoana asks Geralt for

a little help for a witcher. Once Yoana‟s armor is finished, she wants to bath it

with acid instead of regular oil. For the notes, a witcher like Geralt is tasked to

slay monsters. Fundamentally, a witcher is a mutated human being that is sent to

do some task such as killing monsters. In the very beginning, it is witcher‟s job to


51

slay monsters. Usually, people who are helped by a witcher pay them with money

as a reward. Witcher works like exterminator. The difference is only witchers

exterminate monsters.

Yoana realizes that she has knowledge to craft her own armor. First,

Yoana knows about the legendary tools in Undvik in which her story is

considered rubbish by Fergus. Yoana knows that the armor could be durable, top-

quality built when it is crafted with the legendary tools.

Second, Yoana also possesses knowledge on how use the tools to create

the armor Geralt means. She understands the materials and recipes to build top

quality armor as Geralt wants. In the same time, the lieutenant also orders Fergus

to craft armor. It ends with Fergus and Yoana craft their own armor with their

own way.

Yoana knows exactly that high durable and top quality armor could be

made by bathing the armor into acid. Yoana says by dipping it into acid would

harden the armor. This is the key where Yoana shows her craftsmanship. She

masters the technique, materials and recipes.

YOANA. To finish the armor, I‟ll need to harden it, quench it in a bath.

Oil‟s what we usually use, but I want to use acid.

GERALT. Hmm… Kikimores and archgriffins spit acid.

YOANA. Archgriffins? Draconic griffins, you mean? Baron‟s men came

by few days back. Said they‟d seen one north of Crow‟s Perch.

It‟d killed some folk out there.

GERALT. Bound to be a notice posted for the griffin anyway. Could kill

two beasts with one stone. Fine, I‟ll see what I can do.

YOANA. Bring me the acid, and I'll prove I'm better than Fergus. And I‟ll

craft armor for you, lots of it, the kind no other armorer can.



52

The knowledge brings Yoana into her independent life. Yoana proves that

she is the actual “master armorer” and she is worthy to receive it. Instead of

Fergus, Yoana is the master armorer and she is now in charge of the forge. Yoana

implements what she knows (her knowledge) into a beautifully crafted armor and

of course, it is durable and top quality as Geralt demands.

The story goes on. Yoana and Fergus compete in front of Geralt and the

lieutenant. Fergus crafts his own armor. Meanwhile, Yoana also does the same.

Yoana decides to craft it in her own way and also with her own recipes, including

acid from a monster called “Archgriffin.” When Geralt brings the acid, the armor

Yoana crafted is ready to be bathed in the acid. As Yoana said, it would harden

the armor as it was very useful for durability.

YOANA. Geralt! It‟s done.

GERALT. Looks…very professional.

FERGUS. Welcome, general. Armor‟s all ready. Come out splendid, if I

do say so myself.

The game shows both what the armors look like. Fergus’ one is not so

“professional” than the one that is crafted by Yoana.

LIEUTENANT. Rather coarse. I trust the appearance does not reflect the

quality.

YOANA. General, I‟ve also made a suit. If you please…

LIEUTENANT. What is the meaning of this?

GERALT. Exactly what it looks like. Yoana crafted a suit of armor for

you, general. To prove she‟s the superior armorer.


The armor that Fergus crafted is no better than Yoana‟s. It is awful

compared to Yoana‟s in term of the appearance. Even the lieutenant is shocked by

the appearance of Fergus‟ armor. Even though, the lieutenant is fooled by the

appearance, he believes that it would not affect the quality. Meanwhile, Yoana

says she crafted an armor of herself. The lieutenant is surprised even more. Geralt


53

objects the perspective from the lieutenant by saying it is intended to for the

lieutenant.

The only way to prove that Yoana‟s armor is more durable than Fergus is

to test it with a person donned the armor and shot it with an arrow. Before the

testing begins, Fergus is surprised because Yoana crafts armor on her own.

FERGUS. For gods‟ sake, Yoana… What do you think you‟re doin‟?

LIEUTENANT. Temeria remains a wild land, it seems. Insubordination of

this kind is not something we Nilfgaardians allow.

YOANA. If I may, general. I am Fergus‟ subordinate in appearance alone.

It‟s what we agreed, as few would ever believe a woman to be a

better armorer than a dwarf.

LIEUTENANT. You are right. I, for one, do not think it possible. But you

are confident in your abilities. Let us put them to the test. Not on

dummies, in live combat.

(The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, 2015, pp. 5-6).

To test the armor made by Fergus and Yoana, two men must don the

armors. Fortunately, there is one man, Geralt himself and another man who is a

civilian passing by. The lieutenant allows Yoana to also test her armor since her

armor is better in term of visual rather than Fergus‟. The civilian wants to meet

Fergus for his horse shoe. It turns out to be him wearing the armor made by

Fergus and Geralt wears armor from Yoana. The test begins by shooting the

armors with bolts.

LIEUTENANT. Don your armor, both. I will await outside.

Geralt and the civilian don their armors. Geralt wears armor from Yoana

and the civilian from Fergus. The test begins. The lieutenant

shoots a bolt and it pierced through the civilian’s armor.

LIEUTENANT. Does this look to you like armor that stops bolts? Compensate

the man. Now. Let us see what this other suit is worth.” – talking to

Fergus.

The lieutenant shoots a bolt and it does not pierced through Geralt’s body.

GERALT. Gonna live?

CIVILIAN. Ah… Aye. But this armor‟s rubbish.

(The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, 2015, pp. 6-7).


54

The lieutenant witnesses that Yoana is the actual “master armorer.” It

means it was her who is better than Fergus in term of making armor. Fergus also

witnesses what her partner could do. The civilian claims the armor from Fergus is

rubbish because it is not durable. One shot of bolt could pierce the armor Fergus

made. Meanwhile, the lieutenant takes the crossbow and shoot Yoana‟s armor

(worn by Geralt) himself. There is no single puncture in Yoana‟s armor. It means

it is proven that Yoana is more capable than Fergus in any way.

Figure 6

The lieutenant decides that Yoana is in command of the forge. Fergus,

thinking him would be kicked from the forge, has initiative to pack his belongings

and plans to move away because Yoana, whom he oppressed before, is about to

kick him out. Instead of doing so, Yoana welcomes Fergus as partner once again.

With one condition, no more lies and distrust between them. Yoana let Fergus

stay to help her instead of kicking him out.

LIEUTENANT. I am not easily impressed, but I must admit you have

succeeded, my dear. Where to, dwarf? You must hear this. The

forge is now Miss Yoana‟s. She will also assume all

Nilfgaardian army requisitions. Is that clear?

FERGUS. Aye, as day.


55

LIEUTENANT. Your pay for the armor. I will send a man to collect it.” –

Giving the pay to Yoana.

FERGUS. I‟ll be goin‟, to, methinks… Just get my things.

YOANA. Wait. We needn‟t part ways, Fergus. You‟ve been a good helper

– we could go on that way. But… without the lie…


Now that Yoana is the “master armorer” and she takes control of the forge,

she and Fergus are back again together. The difference is that Yoana is now the

leader and she will not be underestimated and oppressed again. She managed to

empower herself to reach the equality. Yoana has reached the goal of being equal

and treated as equal as men. By becoming a leader, Yoana successfully oppose the

patriarchy from feminist empowerment. Yoana promised to herself not to be in the

same position (oppressed). It showed that Yoana did practice the social

empowerment, which it deals with feminism.

Women must not only bow down to the supremacy of men. Women must

stand and oppose the discrimination towards women. In addition, Yoana also

proves it with her own intelligence by making her own armor with her own

knowledge. Her education about armors stuns the lieutenant. It is proven that

Yoana has managed to leave the oppressed position to be liberated as an

independent woman.


55

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

This chapter presents the results of the analysis in previous chapters. It

concludes the findings and analysis in more compressed form. The research aims

to reveal the gender equality issue and women‟s empowerment in the video game

The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt especially in the secondary mission or gamers often call

it as side quest Master Armorer. The research observes a woman character named

Yoana who was experiencing pressure from her society.

Yoana is described as an underestimated woman. In addition, she is also

categorized as an inferior. The male characters, especially Fergus and the

lieutenant, see Yoana as only a helper in the forge. Yoana is seen as a different

person. In addition, the lieutenant doubts Yoana as she is a woman. Yoana is

underestimated by Fergus and the lieutenant as they believ that men were more

capable than woman in working on the forge. The lieutenant emphasizes the

statement by saying to Fergus that he allows Yoana much to work in the forge and

to talk to customers.

Yoana is limited by the superiority of the male characters. As the previous

characteristic revealed, Yoana is an underestimated character. Since the beginning

of the story, Fergus would not allow Yoana to speak to customers or even discuss

business with him. Yoana is being left out by Fergus as she is a minor character

and most of all because she is a woman. Yoana, being inferior, means she does


56

not possess the equality in her work with Fergus. Limitation from Fergus put

Yoana in very bottom place as she is only considered as a helper.

Yoana is described as a skillful woman. She has the skill to craft high

quality armor in which Geralt and the lieutenant want. Though the process of

armor making is not shown in the video game, however, the skillfulness of Yoana

can be seen by the end of the story when she managed to make the lieutenant

believes her as the “master armorer”

Lastly, Yoana is described as a forgiving person. She is actually generous

and forgiving. Fergus, her partner, has been mistreated her for a quite long time.

However, Yoana forgives Fergus for what he has done. It occurs in the end of the

quest where the lieutenant decides to make Yoana the leader in the forge. Fergus

is actually willing to leave the forge. However, Fergus is stopped by Yoana. She

asks him to stay instead and restart their relationship as a partner in work.

The second research findings discuss about how the gender inequality

depicted in the side quest. Based on how the men characters treat Yoana, it can be

concluded that they consider themselves as superior. Superior takes control and

leaves inferior behind. It is required to be verified that superior goes to Fergus and

the lieutenant and inferior goes to Yoana. Yoana has been limited in her rights, for

example, talking to discuss business is not allowed by Fergus. This unequal

treatment Yoana receives is caused by the patriarchal system. It is no question if

Fergus and the lieutenant see Yoana as a menial labor than a partner or normal

worker, as Yoana states. As long as patriarchy exists, gender equality will never

be established without empowerment.


57

In order to oppose patriarchy, Yoana empowers herself. She does this in

order to establish equality in the society. Yoana empowers herself in two ways.

First is social empowerment. It deals with the social status of the woman character

in order to achieve equal status and also treatment. It is very close and related to

feminism. Yoana promises to Geralt that she would not stick in the same fate as

she used to be. She promises she would oppose the patriarchal system that

occurred in the society.

Second, Yoana insists on making her own armor. When Fergus makes one

because he receives an order from the lieutenant, Yoana is decided to make one

also. However, Yoana crafts the armor with her own ways, her own materials and

most of all, with her own knowledge of making armor. Yoana knows that regular

armor would not be durable without bathing it to acid. Yoana asks Geralt to bring

her acid from a monster called “Archgriffin” and he brings it as she asked. Yoana

knows the method because she possessed great knowledge of making armor. It is

no wonder that the lieutenant shifts his view of Yoana. In the end of the story,

Yoana is crowned as the true “master armorer” because she successfully crafted

her own armor in which it has better quality than Fergus‟ armor. It shows that

Yoana is actually clever and possessed high intelligent on making armors. This

way is called educational empowerment since it deals with men and women

receive equal treatment of education. In this case, Yoana is more capable on

making armors with her own intelligent.

Literature could embody in many ways. One of its mediums is video

game. It has narration that directs the characters to follow the story. In addition,


58

gender equality is also warm issue to discuss nowadays. In battling the inequality

between genders, it requires empowerment. In this case, women have suffered

from men‟s domination. It is called women‟s empowerment. The issue

aforementioned occurs in video games also. One of them in The Witcher 3: Wild

Hunt especially for the secondary mission Master Armorer. The only woman

character namely Yoana is oppressed by the patriarchy system in her society.

However, she managed to break the believe and proved that women are not weak,

even in the depiction in video games.

Lastly, this study has uncovered the gender equality issue and women‟s

empowerment in a video game entitiled The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt especially in

Master Armorer side quest. However, the present researcher would also invite

other researcher to explore on gender study and women‟s empowerment found in

The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt for further enrichment of gender equality and women‟s

empowerment.


59

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APPENDIX

Appendix 1: Conversation Transcript of The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt Master

Armorer Side Quest.

The quest begins with Geralt of Rivia arrived at Crow’s

Perch. There is a dwarf who is a blacksmith that crafts

armors for Nilfgaardian soldier. He lived with his helper,

Yoana.

Fergus

―How may I assist you?‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Looking for someone who can craft me some armor. Gotta be

top quality.‖

Fergus

―Well, I’ve been at it twenty years, now. Mastered the craft

in some respects, if I do say myself.‖

Yoana

―Pft..You wish…‖

Fergus

―Don’t listen to her. She’s been sore lately, snortin’ every

chance she gets. So, what kind of armor are we talkin’

about?‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Light, but durable. Can’t constrain movement, and I gotta

be able to get in it without anybody’s help.‖

Fergus

―That all? Sure it shouldn’t be self-cleanin’? And how it

wipe your arse after ye take a shite in the bushes?‖

There are 2 possibilities to continue the conversation.

However, the point is still the same. Both choices make

Fergus says:


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Fergus

―Ought to know one thing when it comes to armor: if it’s

gotta be durable, it can’t be light.‖

Yoana

―It can. Just needs the proper tools to make it. Tools like

the folk of Clan Tordarroch used in Undvik.‖

Fergus

―Yoana, I told you time and again to stay silent when I talk

to customers. Shouldn’t pester folk with those nonsense

Skellige legend o’yours.‖

Yoana

―It ain’t legend, and it ain’t nonsense. My granddad would

go to Undvik for his armor, said Tordarroch folk made the

best. Till last year, that is, when a giant ravaged their

island. Inhabitants either ran off or died, but the forge

should be still in one piece.‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Worth looking into. Say I find the tools, will you craft

the armor for me?‖

Fergus

―Ahem. On condition you bring the tools. But only then.‖

Geralt of Rivia

―These legends mention where the forge might be?‖

Yoana

―Yes, north side of the isle, in a cave. Clan folk carved

out a rock face to build it.‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Look for the tools next time I’m in Skellige. Take care

now.‖

Geralt of Rivia continues his journey through the game.

Players can obtain the “forging tools” after defeating a

rock monster (ogre) in a cave as mentioned by Yoana. After

Geralt got the tools, the mission carries on by talking to

Fergus again.

Fergus

―How may I assist you?‖


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Geralt of Rivia

―Went to Undvik a while ago. Found these.‖

Fergus

―Well, goose kick me! These look like the real thing…‖

Yoana

―Because they are – look at the markings! Authentic! How did

you get them?!‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Wasn’t easy. Sooo…I’m hoping for a good price – on that

armor of mine.‖

Suddenly a Nilfgaardian soldier and his lieutenant approach

them.

Soldier

―Harmon aep Groenekan, lieutenant general of the Second

Mounted Army.‖

Fergus

―Welcome to our humble establishment! A true honor to host

one of such renown! I’ve heard the general’s connoisseur and

collector of armor.‖

Soldier

―This is true. And they call you a master of the craft.‖

Fergus

―All too kind, sir, tru—―

Lieutenant

―I need a suit of armor. Heavy, able to withstand piercing

projectiles.‖

Fergus

―Piercin’ projectiles? Bolts, you mean? Hmm, that ain’t

easy, needs a special alloy, temperin’…‖

Yoana

―The new tools – we can do it! Stoke the fire, I’ll ready

the rest!‖

Lieutenant

―Bold, your worker. You allow her much.‖


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Fergus

―Er, you know how it is, general. Good help’s hard to come

by. We should go outside, there’s business to discuss.‖

Yoana

―It’s always the same! I’ve had enough!‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Enough?‖

Yoana

―They treat me like I'm nobody, the menial labor. Truth is,

the Nilfgaardian, the one Fergus is kissing up to - I'll

have to craft his armor. Yours, too, for that matter.‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Hmmm… So what’s Fergus do?‖

Yoana

―Horseshoes, nails…Not much else you can do, seeing as he

cocks up simple bungs. But in the end, they call him

―master.‖ No one’d ever think I could be a skilled armorer -

a human, and a woman to boot. A dwarven blacksmith - that's

another story…‖

Geralt of Rivia

―If that's the case, stand your ground. Don't let him treat

you like this.‖

Yoana

―I won’t, not anymore. He can craft the Nilfgaardian armor

himself. I'll make another suit, and we'll see which one's

better. I need but one thing I can’t get on my own. Would

you help me?‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Depends on what it is.‖

Yoana

―To finish the armor, I’ll need to harden it, quench it in a

bath. Oil’s what we usually use, but I want to use acid.‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Hmm… Kikimores and archgriffins spit acid.‖


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Yoana

―Archgriffins? Draconic griffins, you mean? Baron’s men came

by few days back. Said they’d seen one north of Crow’s

Perch. It’d killed some folk out there.‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Bound to be a notice posted for the griffin anyway. Could

kill two beasts with one stone. Fine, I’ll see what I can

do.‖

Yoana

―Bring me the acid, and I'll prove I'm better than Fergus.

And I’ll craft armor for you, lots of it, the kind no other

armorer can.‖

After talking to Yoana, Geralt is supposed to fight a

monster called archgriffin and extract its acid as Yoana’s

request.

Yoana

―You’re back! So? Got the acid?‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Mhm. Use it carefully. It’s about as caustic as things

come.‖

Yoana

―I know. It’s burned many a man where I come from. Armor’s

ready, now for the last touch. We’ll soon see who’s better –

Fergus or me.‖

A Few Hours Later…

Yoana

―Geralt! It’s done.‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Looks…very professional.‖

Fergus

―Welcome, general. Armor’s all ready. Come out splendid, if

I do say so myself.‖

The game shows both what the armors look like. Fergus’ one

is not so “professional” than the one that is crafted by

Yoana.


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Lieutenant

―Rather coarse. I trust the appearance does not reflect the

quality.‖

Yoana

―General, I’ve also made a suit. If you please…‖

Lieutenant

―What is the meaning of this?‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Exactly what it looks like. Yoana crafted a suit of armor

for you, general. To prove she’s the superior armorer.‖

Fergus

―For gods’ sake, Yoana… What do you think you’re doin’?‖

Lieutenant

―Temeria remains a wild land, it seems. Insubordination of

this kind is not something we Nilfgaardians allow.‖

Yoana

―If I may, general. I am Fergus’ subordinate in appearance

alone. It’s what we agreed, as few would ever believe a

woman to be a better armorer than a dwarf.‖

Lieutenant

―You are right. I, for one, do not think it possible. But

you are confident in your abilities. Let us put them to the

test. Not on dummies, in live combat.‖

A civilian pass nearby to talk to Fergus.

Civilian

―Ho, ho, quite a crowd.‖

Liuetenant

―You there. Put in this armor.‖

Civilian

―Er… I’m just here to shoe me horse…‖

Lieutenant

―Mine is not a request.‖


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Yoana

―General, I crafted this armor for a man. It can’t fit me

properly.‖

Lieutenant

―Then find another to wear it.‖

Yoana

―Geralt? Will you help?‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Fine. Hope I won’t regret this…‖

Lieutenant

―Don your armor, both. I will await outside.‖

Geralt and the civilian don their armors. Geralt wears armor

from Yoana and the civilian from Fergus. The test begins.

The lieutenant shoots a bolt and it pierced through the

civilian’s armor.

Lieutenant

―Does this look to you like armor that stops bolts?

Compensate the man. Now. Let us see what this other suit is

worth.‖ – talking to Fergus.

The lieutenant shoots a bolt and it does not pierced through

Geralt’s body.

Geralt of Rivia

―Gonna live?‖

Civilian

―Ah… Aye. But this armor’s rubbish.‖

Lieutenant

―Stand. I wish to see the armor.‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Not even a dent.‖

Lieutenant

―I am not easily impressed, but I must admit you have

succeeded, my dear. Where to, dwarf? You must hear this. The


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forge is now Miss Yoana’s. She will also assume all

Nilfgaardian army requisitions. Is that clear?‖

Fergus

―Aye, as day.‖

Lieutenant

―Your pay for the armor. I will send a man to collect it.‖ –

Giving the pay to Yoana.‖

Fergus

―I’ll be goin’, to, methinks… Just get my things.‖

Yoana

―Wait. We needn’t part ways, Fergus. You’ve been a good

helper – we could go on that way. But… without the lie…‖

Fergus

―Hmm… We did make quite the pair.‖

Yoana

―Well then, go stoke the fire. We’ve got customer, he needs

armor fit for a witcher.‖

Fergus left the scene to stoke the fire.

Yoana

―You weren’t certain the armor would protect you. Admit it.‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Master craftsmanship’s something I trust in, some I strive

for myself. Wouldn’t have asked for legendary tools from

Undvik and archgriffin acid if you didn’t know what you were

doing.‖

Yoana

―Thank you for trusting me. Give us a few days, and your

armor’ll be ready. Come on, let me help you get out of

that.‖

Geralt could go somewhere for a few days in the game or

meditate for some days in order to get his armor from Yoana.

Approximately 2 days, the armor is ready.

Yoana

―Geralt! Good for you to come by. What can I do for you?‖


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Geralt of Rivia

―My armor coming along all right?‖

Yoana

―It’s ready. I’ve reinforced the joints and bathed it in

acid. As my clan’s tradition demands.‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Thanks. How much do I owe you?‖

Yoana

―Oh please. I’d not be here if it weren’t for you. It’s a

gift, in thanks for what you did. Take it, and may it serve

you well.‖

Geralt of Rivia

―Thanks. And you take care.‖

Geralt receives the armor and the quest is completed.


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