GENDER EQUALITY AND GENDER BUDGETING IN HUNGARY Judit Zeller University of Pécs, Faculty of Law...
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Transcript of GENDER EQUALITY AND GENDER BUDGETING IN HUNGARY Judit Zeller University of Pécs, Faculty of Law...
GENDER EQUALITY AND
GENDER BUDGETING IN
HUNGARY
Judit ZellerUniversity of Pécs, Faculty of LawDepartment of Constitutional Law
Gender Budgeting in Practice
PRAGUE, 8th November 2007
I. GENDER EQUALITY IN THE HUNGARIAN REPUBLIC
1. The Constitution and the interpretation by the Constitutional Court
– ratified international agreements
– secondary legislation of the EC
– Art. 70/A (1) and Art. 66 of the Constitution
2. Regulation by act
– separate sectoral acts till the near past (e.g. Labour Code, Civil Code, Penal Code, Act on Public Education, Minority Act)
– Act CXXV of 2003 on Equal Treatment and the Promotion of Equal Opportunities (ETPEO) Equal Treatment Authority (ETA)
I. GENDER EQUALITY IN THE HUNGARIAN REPUBLIC
3. Equal Opportunities Program of the Republic
4. Institutional framework promoting equal opportunities
– after several changes since 1989, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment takes care of gender mainstreaming
I. GENDER EQUALITY IN THE
HUNGARIAN REPUBLIC
I. GENDER EQUALITY IN THE HUNGARIAN REPUBLIC
5. The situation of women on the labour market according to the development programmes of Hungary
Age Total Men Women
Employed Unemployed Employed Unemployed
15-64
3,8Mill.
63,1% 7% 51% 7,5%
Inactivity rate 38,6%
Men 32%
Women 44,8%
Pension 33%
Student 33%
Child care benefit 12%
Unemployment allowance
5%
No visible income 19%
• Child care benefit - typical for women
• „Glass ceiling”- effect
II. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HUNGARIAN STATE BUDGET
• No detailed financial regulation in the Constitution
• No gender-sensitiveness mentioned
• Authorisation of the legislation:–Art. 66 (explicit)–Art. 70/A (implicit)
• Own initiatives of the local self-governments
III. THE LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENTS (FINANCING AND DUTIES)
• Government revenues and own incomes
• Duties: Obligatory and voluntarily undertaken
Education (kindergarten and primary school)
Social welfare services (basic social services)
Basic health care
Anything that does not violate the law or the fulfilment of the obligatory tasks.
IV. BUDGET-ANALYSIS OF 9 HUNGARIAN SETTLEMENTS
TOWN INHABITANTS MEN WOMEN
Pécs 162.498 75.329 87.169
Komló 27.081 12.900 14.181
Meződ 166 88 78
Szekszárd 36.229 16.705 19.524
Dombóvár 20.852 9.796 11.056
Zomba 2.396 1.158 1.238
Székesfehérvár 106.346 51.037 55.309
Mosonmagyaróvár 30.432 14.746 15.686
Kóny 2.620 1.248 1.372
IV. BUDGET-ANALYSIS OF 9
HUNGARIAN SETTLEMENTS TOWN INHABITANTS TOTAL BUDGET
(2005)
Pécs 162.498 147.490.784 EUR
Komló 27.081 3.274.908 EUR
Meződ 166 81.852 EUR
Szekszárd 36.229 51.937.044 EUR
Dombóvár 20.852 22.275.992 EUR
Zomba 2.396 1.826.228 EUR
Székesfehérvár 106.346 -
Mosonmagyaróvár 30.432 -
Kóny 2.620 -
1. Self-government
2. Social services
3. Education and programmes for children
4. Culture
5. Sports
6. Civil society
IV. BUDGET-ANALYSIS OF 9
HUNGARIAN SETTLEMENTS
V. PÉCS AND MEZŐD PÉCS
• Several social welfare institutions and centres (8%)
• Central role in educational matters (30%)
• Several cultural institutions (4%)
• 5 significant sport-teams (1,5%)
• 4 civil organisations concerned with gender-mainstreaming
MEZŐD
• No social welfare institutions
• Few sports and cultural institutions (youth club, football-field, „moving library”)
• Social programmes organised by the self-government
• No civil organisations concerned with gender-mainstreaming