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Bibliography No. 2

Annotated Bibliography on StatisticalMethodologies for the Collection,Analysis and Presentation of Gender-Disaggregated Data

Briefing prepared for the British Council Regional Office for WestAfrica

September 1994

The authors gratefully acknowledge support for the preparation of this bibliography fromthe British Council Regional Office for West Africa. However, the views expressed andany errors or omissions are those of the authors and not of the British Council RegionalOffice for West Africa.

BRIDGE (development - gender)Institute of Development Studies

University of SussexBrighton BN1 9RE, UK

Tel: +44 (0) 1273 606261Fax: +44 (0) 1273 621202/691647

Email: bridge@ids.ac.ukWebsite: http://www.ids.ac.uk/bridge

ISBN: 1 85864 135 7© Institute of Development Studies, Brighton

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CONTENTS

PAGE NO.

INTRODUCTION 4

BIBLIOGRAPHY 5

1. TOPICS 5

I General 5II Economic Activity 11

a) General 11b) Labour force participation 14c) Wage differentials, household income, consumption, savings 16d) Informal sector 17

III Health 19IV Demography 20

2. REGIONAL CASE STUDIES AND CONFERENCES 23

I Africa 23a) General 23b) Economic Activity 24c) Marriage 25

II Asia 26a) General 26b) Economic activity 28c) Poverty 31d) Intrahousehold resource allocation 32

III Middle East 33a) General 33b) Economic Activity 34

IV Latin America 35V Pacific 35

a) General 35b) Economic activity 36

VI Eastern Europe 37VII Western Europe, United States, Canada, New Zealand 37

a) General 37b) Economic activity 38c) Fertility and family surveys39

VIII Cross-regional studies and conferences 40a) Economic activity 40b) Intrahousehold resource allocation 42

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INTRODUCTION

This bibliographic search on statistical methodologies for the collection of genderdisaggregated data was prepared by BRIDGE (Briefings in Development andGender, IDS) for the British Council Regional Office for West Africa. Thebibliography is intended to support a project to improve the capacity of theFederal Office of Statistics (Nigeria) in collecting, analysing and presentinggender disaggregated data.

The following databases were searched: British Library for Development Studies;Women's Information Service of the United Nations; International DevelopmentResearch Centre Library Catalogue; British Library for Political and EconomicScience Library; CABI Abstracts; Geobase; Library of Congress; SociologicalAbstracts; Labordoc; MathSci.

The output of these databases is varied in both content and format, ranging fromreferences with keywords, to full abstracts. The uneven format of thebibliography reflects this variation in output. A few additional references, locatedmanually in bibliographies, have been added. In these cases, only thebibliographic reference is given.

The references are arranged under main and sub-headings. Main headings divideinto topics; and regional cases studies and conferences. Subheadings under eachof these include general, economic activity, poverty, and so on. Somesubheadings are further sub-divided where there are a lot of references. Withineach sub-section, references are arranged in no specific order.

The bias of the material found was towards economic activity, with somereferences also on health and demographic statistics. Little, if any, specificreference in the literature was found to gender disaggregated statistics in the areasof education, political representation and participation, or legal systems andcriminality. This indicates either that more specialised searches would be neededto locate literature in these areas, or that little methodological literature exists ongender-disaggregated data collection in these spheres.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. TOPICS

I General

Accounting for women's work : the progress of two decades. //IN: World development (GB) 20,no.11 (1992): 1547-60.

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Benería, LourdesDESCRIPTORS: /women workers/ /labour force/ /work at home/ /women's role//data collecting/ /statistical analysis//evaluation/

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [RESERVE COLLECTION]SHELVED AT: (32) WORLD DEVELOPMENT. - 20,no.11 (1992): 1547-60. Record no: 101255

Statistics on women. -- Santo Domingo : INSTRAW, 1990. -- iii,221 p. -- INSTRAW/SER.A/22

CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Joint INSTRAW / ECE Meeting on Statistics onWomen (2nd : 1989 : Geneva, Switzerland) International Research and TrainingInstitute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW) United Nations. EconomicCommission for EuropeDESCRIPTORS: /Europe/ /United States/ /women/ /statistics//data collecting/ - /women workers/ /labour force/ /women's participation//economic and social development/

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH ANDTRAINING INSTITUTE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN. JointINSTRAW/ECE Meeting on Statistics on Women, 2nd,Geneva, 1989. Statistics on women.

Improving statistics and indicators on women using householdsurveys / Department of International Economic and Social Affairs,Statistical Office and International Research and Training Institutefor the Advancement of Women. -- New York : UN, 1988. -- vii, 148 p.-- (Studies in methods. Series F / United Nations, StatisticalOffice ; no. 48). -- ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/48. -- Sales No. E.88.XVII.11. -- ISBN 92-1-161297-7

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CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): United Nations. Statistical Office InternationalResearch and Training Institute for the Advancement of WomenDESCRIPTORS: /women/ /statistics/ /indicators/ /household surveys//data collecting/

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: U.N. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/48 Record no: 13742

Handbook for national statistical data bases on women anddevelopment. -- New York : UN, 1990. -- viii, 119 p. -- (Socialstatistics and indicators, Series K ; no. 6). -- ST/ESA/STAT/SER.K/6. -- Sales No. E.89.XVII.9. -- ISBN 92-1-161308-6

PERSONAL AUTHOR: McFarlane, Carmen.CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): United Nations. Statistical OfficeDESCRIPTORS: /women/ /statistics/ /statistical data/ /data banks//statistical services/ /national level/ /datacollecting/ /methodology/

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: U.N. ST/ESA/STA/SER.K/6 Record no: 85296

Gender and third world development. Module 1, Socio-economicstatistics. -- Brighton : IDS, [1991]. -- 78 p. + tutor notes. --ISBN 0-9037-15-50-3

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Evans, AlisonCORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Institute of Development Studies (Brighton,England)Commission of the European CommunitiesDESCRIPTORS: /economic and social development/ /sex/ /women/ /women's role/ /economic statistics/ /social statistics/ /training/ /teaching aids/OTHER TERMS:[gender]

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [RESERVE COLLECTION]SHELVED AT: IDS. Gender and third world development. Module 1 ... Record no: 83946

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Improving concepts and methods for statistics and indicators on thesituation of women-- New York : UN, 1984. -- 79 p. -- (Studies in methods / UnitedNations, Statistical Office. Series F ; no. 33). -- ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/33

The present report is concerned with the development and improvement ofstatistical concepts and methods as well as indicators relevant to the situation ofwomen. Its purpose is twofold: (1) to review critically the concepts and methodsmost widely used in ongoing general data collection programmes from the pointof view of their suitability for collecting adequate, relevant and unbiased statisticson the situation of women; and (2) to consider possible changes in existingrecommendations and practices concerning statistical concepts and methods.Each chapter is designed to outline an informal agenda for research and possiblenew recommendations over the next 10 years or so, in the fields of familyformation, families and households; learning and educational services; economicactivity and labour-force participation; health status; and socio-economicdifferentiation and mobility.

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: U.N. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/33

120 DOCUMENT NO.: INSTRAW/SER.A/30200 TITLE: Rapport sur les séminaire sur l'amélioration des statistiques etindicateurs pour l'évaluation de la contribution de la femme audéveloppement national / INSTRAW310 CORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW320 CONFERENCE: Sém. sur l'amélioration des statistiques et indicateurs pourl'evaluation de la contribution de la femme au développement national [1989 :Sénégal]400 PUBLICATION: Santo Domingo : INSTRAW, 1991460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 147 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY /WOMEN INDEVELOPMENT / SENEGAL / STATISTICAL ANALYSIS /ECONOMIC ACTIVITY / EDUCATION

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TI: StatisticsAU: Evans,-A.AD: School of African and Asian Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton,Sussex, UKPT: B (Monographs), A (Analytic), M (Monographic)SO: In: Gender and development: a practical guide; London (UK), Routledge,1992, p. 11-40LA: EnglishCC: Science,-research,-methodologyDE: data-collecting; gender-analysis; statistical-data; indicators-AB: The statistics available for developing countries fail to provide informationon the full extent of women's participation in economic, political and social lifeand their true status in terms of income, health and education. This is partly dueto the choice of conceptual categories used in data collection. It is argued that agender model of data collection and analysis should be developed to obtainquantitative and qualitative information about men and women and reveal basicdifferences within and between the groups. The way in which conventionalsources provide statistical data on households and families, education, economicactivity and income, and the main gender issues involved are examined. Ways inwhich the data might be modified to take better account of the equityconsiderations are suggested and socio-economic indicators to be used for dataanalysis and interpretation are discussed.IS: ISBN 0-415-07132-1LOCATION: IDS [RESERVE COLLECTION]

Methods of measuring disparity between men and women : atechnical report. -- Rev. ed . -- Santo Domingo : InternationalResearch and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women, 1989.-- 178 p. -- INSTRAW/SER.B/38

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Sicherl, PavleCORPORATE AUTHOR(S): International Research and Training Institute forthe Advancement of WomenDESCRIPTORS: /women/ /men/ /sex discrimination/ /measurement/ /statistical data/ /statistical analysis/ /statistics/ /methodology/

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH ANDTRAINING INSTITUTE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN. Methodsof measuring disparity. Record no: 101640

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Compiling social indicators on the situation of women -- NewYork : UN, 1984. -- xiii, 216 p. -- (Studies in methods. Series F ;no. 32). -- ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/32. -- 102 p.

The report is user oriented and primarily concerned with the effective utilizationof statistics and indicators on the situation of women, currently available in manycountries. It focuses on the development of reliable indicators on the situation ofwomen from existing censuses, household surveys and data registration systemsto the extent that such data exist in any country given. Examples of illustrativeindicators on the situation of women are presented and discussed for thefollowing fields: family formation, families and households; learning andeducational services; economic activity and labour force participation; health,health services and nutrition; income and income distribution; rural/urbanresidence and migration; and legal and political power. Some considerations areprovided on the complementary roles of censuses, sample surveys and registrationand record systems as well as on their advantages and disadvantages.

LOCATION: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS COLLECTION]SHELVED AT: U.N. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/32

060 MATERIAL TYPE : 100200 TITLE: Development of Indicators on Women in Development formonitoring and evaluation in technical co-operation - Technical report, afeasibility study / UNIFEM, UN Statistical Office310 CORPORATE NAME: UNIFEM / UN/Statistical Division400 PUBLICATION: New York : UN, 1989460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 101 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / TECHNICALCO-OPERATION / WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT / INFORMATIONDISSEMINATION / PROJECT APPRAISAL

120 DOCUMENT NO.: E/CN.3/1989/12151 AGENDA NO.: 8 [b]152 AGENDA ITEM: Demographic, social and environment statistics: Socialstatistics and indicators200 TITLE: Development of guidelines on national accounts for women'scontribution to development / Report of the Secretary-General310 CORPORATE NAME: UN Secretary-General320 CONFERENCE: Statistical Commission [25th : 1989 : New York]400 PUBLICATION: New York : UN, 21 Dec. 1988460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 28 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS / GUIDELINES / WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATIONS

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100 ISBN: 92-1-161304-3120 DOCUMENT NO.: ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/49122 SALES NO.: E.89.XVII.6

200 TITLE: Handbook on Social Indicators / DIESA310 CORPORATE NAME: UN/Statistical Division400 PUBLICATION: New York : UN/DIESA, 1989460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 154 p.500 NOTE: See pages 5-8 for B. Development of indicators on women andspecial population groups, and 1. Statistics and indicators on the situation ofwomen510 RELATIONSHIP: Studies in Methods (Series F., No. 49)900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / SOCIAL INDICATORS / STATISTICALMETHODOLOGY

Training users and producers in compiling statistics andindicators on women in development : syllabus and related materialsfrom the subregional seminar held in Harare, 29 April to 7 May 1985/ Department of International Economic and Social Affairs,Statistical Office, Economic Commission for Africa and InternationalResearch and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women. -- NewYork : UN, 1987. -- viii, 141 p. -- (Studies in methods / UnitedNations, Statistical Office. Series F ; no. 45). --ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/45. -- Sales No. E.87.XVII.6. -- ISBN92-1-161284-5

CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Subregional Seminar on Improved Statistics andIndicators for Women in Development : 1985 :Harare)United Nations. Statistical OfficeUnited Nations. Economic Commission for AfricaInternational Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of WomenDESCRIPTORS: /women/ /statistics/ /indicators/ /statistical services/ /data collecting/ /statisticians/ /training/

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: U.N. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/45 Record no: 19737

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120 DOCUMENT NO. : E/ESCWA/SD/89/WG.4/11200 TITLE: Improving statistics and indicators related to women / ESCWA310 CORPORATE NAME: ESCWA320 CONFERENCE: WG on developing indicators and improving statistics onthe situation of women [1989 :Cairo]400 PUBLICATION: Baghdad : ESCWA, 11 Sept. 1989460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 91 p.500 NOTE: Contains list of references in english and arabic900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY /FAMILY /WOMEN'S ROLE / IMMIGRATION / EDUCATION /EMPLOYMENT / MARRIAGE / TRAINING PROGRAMMES /INCOME / ECONOMIC ASPECTS / HEALTH

Gender issues in the use of interviewing as a research methodHerod, A.Professional Geographer 1993. v 45(3) pp 305-317Language: EnglishThe open-ended interview is gaining widespread acceptance within humangeography as a research method. Frequently, such interviews can provideresearchers with a richer account of events than can larger scale,standardized statistical approaches. However, researchers using interviewsas part of their information gathering practices need to be aware of thesocial relations within which the interviews are conducted. In this paper Iargue that gender relations are an important dynamic shaping the interviewprocess which can significantly influence the sorts of data obtained usingthis particular research methodology. -Author

II Economic Activity

a) General

Methods of measuring women's economic activity : technicalreport. -- New York : UN, 1993. -- viii, 265 p. -- (Studies inmethods. Series F ; no. 59). -- ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/59. -- Sales No.E.93.XVII.6. -- ISBN 92-1-161-353-1

CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): United Nations. Statistical DivisionDESCRIPTORS: /labour force/ /women workers/ /data collecting/ /measurement/ /surveys/ /statistics/ /methodology/

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: U.N. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/59. Record no: 117361

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120 DOCUMENT NO.: Informal paper no. 1200 TITLE: Recognition of the unremunerated contributionof women in the gross national product / Paper by the Secretariat

310 CORPORATE NAME: UN Secretariat320 CONFERENCE: CEDAW [10th : 1991 : Vienna]400 PUBLICATION: Vienna : UN, 18 January 1991460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 7 p.500 NOTE: Contains an extensive list of references900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION / ECONOMIC ASPECTS /GENDER ANALYSIS / INFORMAL SECTOR / STATISTICALMETHODOLOGY

200 TITLE: Counting the work of women: Current limitationsand implementing the international standards / ESCAP400 PUBLICATION: Bangkok : ESCAP, December 1990460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 24 p.500 NOTE: Contains lists of meetings and publications510 RELATIONSHIP: WINAP Newsletter [December '90, No.7]900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC / STATISTICAL ANALYSIS /TIME USE STATISTICS / ECONOMIC ACTIVITY /STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY

Measuring women's work. Report of the International Researchand Training Institute for the Advancement of women and the United NationsStatistical Office, Geneva, INSTRAW, 1989STATUS : ORDSCDATE : 1993-06-17

120 DOCUMENT NO. : Working Paper No. 19151 AGENDA NO.: 4152 AGENDA ITEM: Measuring the economic contributions of women throughtime-use surveys and other sources200 TITLE: Development of time-use studies and valuation of unpaidcontribution to social and economic development / INSTRAW, UN StatisticalOffice310 CORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW / UN/Statistical Division320 CONFERENCE: Work Ses. on Statistics of Women [1992 :Geneva]400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, Conference of European Statisticians, 1992460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 13 p.900 LOCATION: DAW

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620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / ECONOMIC ASPECTS / STATISTICALMETHODOLOGY / TIME USE STATISTICS / SOCIALASPECTS / HOUSEWORK / UNPAID WORK

Assessing women's economic contributions to developmentDixon-Mueller,-R.; Anker,-R.Training-in-Population,-Human-Resources-and-Development-Planning (ILO).1988, no. 6, 97 p., figs, tables; bibliography (65 ref.)LA: EnglishThe most common indicators of economic production, such as labour forcestatistics and systems of national accounts, have been criticized for their tendencyto under-report and undervalue women's work. This paper presents severalapproaches to assessing women's economic contributions to development. Thediscussion focuses on methods of measurement, suggestions for data analysis andthe relevance of findings to national planning. Section 2 addresses the portrayal offemale labour force participation in the official statistics of developing countries.The following section identifies problems of definition and data collection whichhave led to the undercounting of economically active women. It also proposessome possible solutions, such as ways to avoid biased results in asking surveyquestions. The final section discusses additional dimensions of economic activity,such as the measuring of various kinds of returns to labour and the measuring ofwomen's contributions to total family income. The appendix contains suggestionsfor sample surveys which compare the results of collecting labour force data indifferent ways.ISSN 0258-2406, ISBN 92-2-106796-3

100 ISBN: 92-2-107831-0120 DOCUMENT NO.: WEP 2-21/WP.174200 TITLE: Economic measurement of non-market household production:relating purposes and valuation methodologies / LuisellaGoldschmidt-Clermont300 PERSONAL NAME : Goldschmidt-Clermont, Luisella310 CORPORATE NAME: ILO, Labour and Labour Policies Programme400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ILO, 1991460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 21 p.510 RELATIONSHIP: World Employment Programme Research, Working PaperNo. 174900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: EMPLOYMENT / ECONOMIC ACTIVITY /HOUSEHOLDS / HOUSEWORK / LABOUR STATISTICS / STATISTICALMETHODOLOGY

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Goldschmidt-Clermont, L., 1989, 'Valuing domestic activities', Paper submittedto the Second ECE/INSREA Joint Meeting on Statistics of Women, November13-16, Geneva

Lützel, H., 1989, 'Household production and national accounts', Papersubmitted to the Second ECE/INSTRAW Joint Meeting, November 13-16,Geneva

International Centre for Research on Women, 1980, 'The Productivity ofWomen in Developing Countries: Measurement Issues andRecommendations', Washington DC Office of Women in Development, USAID

An evaluation of methodologies used in time allocation research.Wollenberg, E.Gender issues in farming systems research and extension; p.127-147Publication Year: 1988tab., Westview Special Studies in Agriculture Science and Policy, OQEHEditors: Poats, S.V.; Schmink, M.; Spring, A.Publisher: Westview Press Boulder, Colorado, USAISBN: 0-8133-7399-9Language: EnglishDocument Type: Conference paperThis paper evaluates commonly used methods of data collection in timeallocation studies. The first section reviews general characteristics oftime allocation studies found in the literature. Issues requiring closerscrutiny are identified. The second section describes four methodologiesthat were used in a 1984/85 study of shifting cultivators in NegrosOriental, the Philippines. Each of the methodologies is evaluatedaccording to how well it contributed to the understanding of uplandfarming patterns and the organization of household labour. Finally, someimplications for the use of time allocation data in farming systemsresearch projects are discussed. ref.

b) Labour force participation

Female labour force participation in developing countries: a critique ofcurrent definitions and data collection methods.ANKER, R.International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland.International Labour Review 1983. v 122(6) pp 709-723 2 tables, 29 refs.Language: EnglishIt is generally recognized that data on female labour force participationin developing countries are often inaccurate or incomplete. The articlediscusses the difficulties involved in obtaining such data, from the point

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of view of interviewers, respondents, and labour statisticians oreconomists. Suggestions are then made regarding alternative definitions ofthe labour force - 'paid', 'market-oriented', 'ILO', 'extended', each ofwhich can provide planners with a different perspective on the labourforce, including women's status within it; further suggestions are made forimproved labour force survey questionnaires. Finally, preliminary resultsfrom a field study carried out among married rural women in India in 1981are presented in order to illustrate the points made.-Author

Women's changing participation in the labor force : a worldperspective. -- Washington, D.C. : World Bank, 1989. -- 47 p. -- (Policy, planning and research working papers : women indevelopment ; WPS 272)

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Schultz, T. PaulCORPORATE AUTHOR(S): World Bank. Women in Development DivisionDESCRIPTORS: /women workers/ /labour force/ /women's participation/ /statistical analysis/SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: IBRD. Policy, planning and research working papers. WPS 272. Record no: 53418

Labour force participation rates of older persons : aninternational comparison. -- Geneva : ILO, 1989. -- 63 p. -- (WorldEmployment Programme research working papers / Population and LabourPolicies Programme ; no. 171). -- WEP 2-21/WP.171. -- ISBN92-2-107394-7

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Clark, Robert L.; Anker, RichardCORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Population and Labour Policies Programme UnitedNations Fund for Population ActivitiesDESCRIPTORS: /labour force/ /older workers/ /women workers/ /males/ /comparative analysis/ /econometrics/ - /employment statistics/

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: ILO. World employment programme: population and labourpolicies programme; working papers, no. 171. Record no: 54312

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c) Wage differentials, household income, consumption and savings

Statistical measurement of gender wage differentials : apractical hand-book. -- Geneva : ILO, [1992?]. -- 47 p. -- (IDPWomen ; WP-[3])

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Rassou, RégisCORPORATE AUTHOR(S): ILO. Interdepartmental Project on Equality forWomen in Employment

Describes various methodologies for measuring gender wage differentialsand identifies their major advantages and weaknesses.

DESCRIPTORS: /wage determination/ /wage rate/ /measurement/ /women workers/ /males/ /females/OTHER TERMS:[gender]

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: ILO. Interdepartmental Project on Equality for Women inEmployment. IDP Women working papers, WP-[3]. Record no: 113360

Alternative approaches to the measurement of gender earningsdifferentials. -- Santiago, Chile : CIEPLAN, 1993. -- 40 p. --(Notas técnicas / CIEPLAN, ISSN 0716-4475 ; 148)

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): González, PabloCORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Corporación de Investigaciones Económicas paraLatinoaméricaDESCRIPTORS: /wage rate/ /women workers/ /sex discrimination/ /labour productivity/ /index numbers/ /income distribution/ /econometrics/ /methodology/OTHER TERMS:[gender]SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: CORPORACION DE INVESTIGACIONES ECONOMICASPARALATINOAMERICA. Notas técnicas, no. 148. Record no: 117539

120 DOCUMENT NO. : IDP Women / WP - 3200 TITLE: Statistical measurement of gender wage differentials / ILOBureau of Statistics310 CORPORATE NAME: ILO, Bureau of Statistics400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ILO, 1993460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 47 p.

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900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: EQUAL PAY / STATISTICAL ANALYSIS / GENDER ANALYSIS / INCOME DISTRIBUTION / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY

120 DOCUMENT NO.: ST/ESA/SER.R/90/Add.2200 TITLE: Volume 1, Methods for comprehensive planning; Mod. 3,Techniques for preparing projections of household and other incomes,household consumption and savings and government consumption andinvestment310 CORPORATE NAME: UN/DESD400 PUBLICATION: New York : UN, 1993460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 446 p.510 RELATIONSHIP: Projection Methods for Integrating Population Variables in Development Planning [Volume 1, Module Three]900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / HOUSEHOLDS /INCOME /CONSUMPTION / GOVERNMENT BUDGETING / EDUCATION/ HEALTH / HOUSING

d) Informal sector

TITLE: Handbook on compilation of statistics on women in the informalsector in industry, trade, and services in Africa / ECA, INSTRAW, UNStatistical OfficeCORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW / ECA / UN/Statistical DivisionPUBLICATION: Santo Domingo and New York : INSTRAW, Jan. 1991PHYSICAL DESC.: 152 p.NOTE: Contains a list of referencesIDS ANOTES : 21.6.93 Tried exch letter with UNECA (original ref. incorrectly included ECA as author) 12.7.93 Notifed "totally out of stock" 2.8.93 Tried INSTRAW Tried UN Dept. Tech. Coop. 2.9.93STATUS: ORDSCDATE: 1993-09-01DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATIONS / INDUSTRY / DOMESTIC TRADE / SERVICE INDUSTRIES / AFRICA / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / INFORMAL SECTOR / SOCIAL INDICATORS / ECONOMIC ACTIVITY / TIME USE STATISTICS / HOUSEHOLDS

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Methods of measuring women's participation and production in theinformal sector. -- New York : UN, 1990. -- xiii, 216 p. -- (Studies in methods. Series F ; no. 46). -- ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/46.-- Sales No. E.90.XVII.16. -- ISBN 92-1-161322-1

PERSONAL AUTHORS: Urdaneta-Ferran, L.; Leon, A.; Ringen, S. (et al.)CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): United Nations. Statistical Office InternationalResearch and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women

This publication has been prepared as a part of a joint project of theStatistics Office of the UN Secretariat and the International Research andTraining Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW), to promote thedevelopment of statistics and indicators on the situation of women. It isspecifically concerned with the development of statistical concepts toimprove measurement of women's (and men's) contributions and participationin the productive and informal sector. The two main questions posed hereare what should be measured and how should it be measured. Women'sactivities cover a wide range of categories, possibly wider than those ofmen, but they have to be separated into those that are 'productive' ormarket-oriented and those that are not. Activities destined to satisfypersonal needs like bathing and cooking for instance are economicallyunproductive. Concerning the technicalities of measurement there is needto value each activity and find a way to add up all the values. Thisproblem is further complicated by the practical question of where toacquire the required information. The paucity of information isparticularly pronounced in women's activities as most of them go unrecorded. The more important statistical data collection programmes such as economic surveys, population and economic censuses and household surveys are dealt with in chapter II followed by a review of statistical techniques and some suggestions.

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: U.N. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/46

United Nations, 19??, Methods of Measuring Women's Participation in theInformal Sector, Studies in Methods, Series F, No. 59, United NationsDepartment of International Economic and Social Affairs, StatisticalOffice/INSTRAW

120 DOCUMENT NO.: INSTRAW/SER.A/29200 TITLE: Methods of collecting and analyzing statistics on women in theinformal sector and their contribution to national product / INSTRAW,UN/DIESA, UNDP310 CORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW400 PUBLICATION: Santo Domingo : INSTRAW, 1991

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460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 222 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / STATISTICAL ANALYSIS / INFORMAL SECTOR / AFRICA / PRODUCTION / ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

120 DOCUMENT NO.: INSTRAW/BT/1991/CRP.1200 TITLE: Methods of collecting and analysing statistics on women in theinformal sector and their contribution to national product: Results of theregional workshops / INSTRAW310 CORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW320 CONFERENCE: Board of Trustees [11th : 1991 : New York]400 PUBLICATION: Santo Domingo : INSTRAW, 21 Feb. 1991900 LOCATION: DAW has no copy as of 19910408

620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / STATISTICAL ANALYSIS /STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / INFORMAL SECTOR

III Health

Women's health counts / edited by Helen Roberts. London ; New York :Routledge, 1990. x, 248 p. : ill. ; 21 cm.SUBJECTS: Women--Health and hygiene--Statistical methods. Women--Medical care--Statistical methods-- Health surveys. Data Interpretation, Statistical. Health Surveys--Great Britain--statistics. Women--Great Britain--statistics.NOTES: Statistical data reproduced from various sources. Includes bibliographical references (p. 220-241) and indexes.ISBN: 0415048907

Lee, Sun-Hee.Women's health data requirements / Sun-Hee Lee. Canberra : AustralianGovt.Pub. Service, c1988. x, 61 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.SUBJECTS: Health surveys--Australia. Women--Health and hygiene--Australia. Women--Health and hygiene--Australia--Statistical methods. ADDED ENTRIES: Australian Institute of Health.ISBN: 0644085053

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120 DOCUMENT NO. : INSTRAW/Ser.A/24200 TITLE: Taller nacional para productores y usuarios deestadisticas e indicadores de la mujer y el desarrollo / INSTRAW310 CORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW320 CONFERENCE: Taller Nacional para productores y usuarios deestabisticas e indicadores de la mujer el desarrollo [1990 : Quito]400 PUBLICATION: Santo Domingo : INSTRAW, 1990460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 161 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / WOMEN INDEVELOPMENT/ STATISTICAL ANALYSIS / ECUADOR / NUTRITION / HEALTH

IV Demography

120 DOCUMENT NO.: Working Paper No. 4200 TITLE: Major components of the FFS core questionnaire/ Prepared by the Secretariat310 CORPORATE NAME: ECE, Statistical Commission320 CONFERENCE: Statistical Commission and ECE [Work Session on Fertilityand Family Surveys : 1991 : Geneva]400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, 1991460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 14 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / FERTILITY /FAMILY / HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS

120 DOCUMENT NO. : Working Paper No. 2200 TITLE : Conception and development of the fertility and family surveys[FFS] project: an overview /Prepared by the Secretariat310 CORPORATE NAME: ECE, Statistical Commission320 CONFERENCE: Statistical Commission and ECE [Work Session on fertilityand family surveys : 1991 : Geneva]400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, 1991460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 2 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / FERTILITY /FAMILY / PROJECT FORMULATION

23

120 DOCUMENT NO. : Working Paper No. 6200 TITLE: Future activities of the FFS project / Prepared by the Secretariat310 CORPORATE NAME: ECE, Statistical Commission320 CONFERENCE: Statistical Commission and ECE [Work Session on Fertilityand Family Surveys : 1991 : Geneva]400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, 1991460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 1 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / FERTILITY /FAMILY

060 MATERIAL TYPE: 115120 DOCUMENT NO.: ESD/P/ICPD.1994/EG.III/DN.9200 TITLE: Exploring the relationship between women'sstatus and population dynamics with demographic and health survey dataAnne R. Cross, Ann A. Way and Ann K. Blanc240 UNIFORM TITLE : ICPD300 PERSONAL NAME : Cross, Anne R. / Way, Ann A. / Blanc, Ann K.320 CONFERENCE: EGM on Population and Women [1992 : Gaborone]400 PUBLICATION: New York : UN, Population Division, 1992460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 19 p.500 NOTE: Contains abstracts from DHS publications900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: WOMEN'S STATUS / POPULATION / DEMOGRAPHY/HEALTH / INFORMATION COLLECTION / STATISTICALMETHODOLOGY /FERTILITY

100 ISBN: 92-1-151179-8120 DOCUMENT NO.: ST/ESA/SER.N/26122 SALES NO.: E.89.XIII.6200 TITLE: Measuring the quality and duration ofcontraceptive use: an overview and new approaches Shireen Jejeebhoy300 PERSONAL NAME : Jejeebhoy, Shireen310 CORPORATE NAME: UN/DIESA400 PUBLICATION: New York : UN, 1989460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 196 p.500 NOTE: Contains list of references510 RELATIONSHIP: Population Bulletin of the United Nations (No. 26, 1989):p. 1-38900 LOCATION: UNOV main library or E1246 (Gitti)620 DESCRIPTOR: POPULATION / FAMILY PLANNING /CONTRACEPTIVES /STATISTICS / CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS / FAMILYPLANNING PROGRAMMES / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY

24

100 ISBN: 92-1-151179-8120 DOCUMENT NO.: ST/ESA/SER.N/26122 SALES NO.: E.89.XIII.6200 TITLE: Age at first marriage and age at first birth / James Trussell, Kia I.Reinis300 PERSONAL NAME : Trussell, James / Reinis, Kia I.310 CORPORATE NAME: UN/DIESA400 PUBLICATION: New York : UN, 1989460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 196 p.500 NOTE: Contains list of references510 RELATIONSHIP: Population Bulletin of the United Nations (No. 26, 1989):p. 126-188900 LOCATION: UNOV main library or E1246 (Gitti)620 DESCRIPTOR: POPULATION / FAMILY PLANNING / MOTHERS / MARRIAGE / AGE DISTRIBUTION / FERTILITY STATISTICS / CHILDBIRTH / PREGNANCY / HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Maternal mortality ratios and rates : a tabulation of availableinformation. -- 3rd ed . -- Geneva : WHO, 1991. -- 100 p. --WHO/MCH/MSM/91.6

CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood ProgrammeDESCRIPTORS: /mortality/ /mother/ /death rate/ /health statistics/ /statistical data/

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: WHO. Division of Family Health. Maternal mortality ratios andrates ... 3rd ed. Record no: 90322

120 DOCUMENT NO. : INSTRAW/SER.A/32200 TITLE: Report of the Consultative Meeting on improving concepts andmethods for statistics and indicators on the situation of elderly women /INSTRAW310 CORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW320 CONFERENCE: Cons. Mtg. on improving concepts and methods forstatistics and indicators on the situation of elderly women [1991 : New York]400 PUBLICATION: Santo Domingo : INSTRAW, 1992460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 24 p.500 NOTE: Contains agenda and list of participants900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY /AGING WOMEN / GUIDELINES

25

2. REGIONAL CASE STUDIES AND CONFERENCES

I Africa

a) General

Improving gender statistics in East, Central and Southern Africathrough regional cooperation : report on a mission to Tanzania 4 -18 October 1992. -- 1 v. (various pagings)

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Hedman, BirgittaDESCRIPTORS: /Tanzania/ /women's role/ /men's role/ /women's participation/ /statistical data/ /data collecting/ /regional cooperation/

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [BRIDGE COLLECTION ROOM 165]SHELVED AT: HEDMAN, Birgitta. Improving gender statistics ... Record no: 120671

Producer - User Seminar on Household Statistics and Indicatorsfor Women in Development held at the Conference Centre, Universityof Lagos, August 11th - 13th, 1986. -- Lagos : The Office, 1988. --2 v. -- Jointly sponsored by Federal Office of Statistics and UnitedNations International Research and Training Institute forAdvancement of Women (INSTRAW). -- Contents: Vol. 1. Summary ofproceedings -- v. 2. Proceedings

CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Producer / User Seminar on Household Statisticsand Indicators for Women in Development :1986 : Lagos, Nigeria) Nigeria.Federal Office of Statistics International Research and Training Institute for theAdvancement of WomenDESCRIPTORS: /Nigeria/ /household surveys/ /statistical data/ /women/ /data collecting/

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS COLLECTION]SHELVED AT: NIGERIA. Federal Office of Statistics. Producer/UserSeminar on Household Statistics and Indicators for Women in Development.Lagos, 1986. Producer/UserSeminar on Household Statistics ... Record no: 18135

26

Pittin, R., 1982, 'Measuring Women's Work: The Case of the NigerianCensus', ILO World Employment Programme, Population and Labour PoliciesProgramme, Working Paper No. 125

Symposium of Producers and Users of Statistics, November 6 - 8,1990, Green Hills, Nyeri : [proceedings]. -- [Nairobi] : CentralBureau of Statistics, [1991?]. -- 167 p

CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Kenya. Central Bureau of StatisticsUNDP / UNDTCD Project KEN/86/023 Implementation of the StatisticalInformation Processing PlanDESCRIPTORS: /Kenya/ /statistics/ /statistical analysis/ /statistical services/ /financial statistics/ /price indexes/ /national accounts/ /trade statistics/ /industrial statistics/ /transport statistics/ /educational statistics/ /women/ /agricultural statistics/ /data collecting/ /data processing/SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS COLLECTION]SHELVED AT: KENYA. Central Bureau of Statistics. Symposium of Producersand Users ... Record no: 95444

b) Economic activity

TI: Seeing the invisible women farmers in Africa: improving research anddata collection methodsAU: Dixon,-R.B.AD: University of California, Davis, California, USAPT: B (Monographs), A (Analytic), M (Monographic)SO: In: Women as food producers in developing countries.Los Angeles (USA), University of California, 1985, p. 19-35, figs, tables, 34 ref.LA: EnglishCC: Labour-DE: women-workers; agricultural-sector; statistical-data; data-collection;methodology-; questionnaires-AB: This paper takes the view that women's work has been undercounted andundervalued in official demographic and economic statistics. Undercountingwomen's labour has been especially acute in the agricultural sector. The differentdefinitions used and procedures followed in (labour force) surveys do not permitan accurate estimation of the amount and economic value of women's agriculturalwork. To improve research and data collection on women's work, a time-usequestionnaire has been modified to allow for differentiating the types and degreesof labour force participation. Including women in labour force statistics inproportion to the amount of work they actually do is an essential first step inmaking female farmers visible to planners and policy makers.IS: ISBN 0-918456-56-8

27

B000 TITLE : Report on regional workshop on methods of collecting andanalysing statistics on women in the informal sector and theircontribution to national product, held in Siavong, Zambia, 23 -27 July 1990 (INSTRAW/SER.A/29)B100 IMPR : Santo Domingo, INSTRAW, 1990?G110 CORP : INSTRAWV400 ANOTES : reqW900 STATUS : ORDW910 SCDATE : 1993-08-02

200 TITLE: Synthesis of pilot studies on compilation of statistics on women inthe informal sector in industry, trade and services in four African countries /ECA, UN Statistical Office, INSTRAW310 CORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW / ECA / UN/Statistical Division400 PUBLICATION: Santo Domingo, New York : INSTRAW, UN/DIESA,March 1991460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 110 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / STATISTICS / STATISTICAL ANALYSIS / BURKINA FASO / CONGO / GAMBIA / ZAMBIA / INDUSTRY / TRADE / INFORMAL SECTOR / SERVICE INDUSTRIES / POPULATION / EMPLOYMENT / ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

c) Marriage

02485030 CAB Accession Number: 911898863The measurement and definition of age at marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa.Rwabushaija, M.Dissertation Abstracts International. A, Humanities and Social Sciencesvol. 52 (3): p.1088-1089Publication Year: 1991ISSN: 0419-4209Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1991, 200pp., available fromUniversity Microfilms, Inc.Order Number: DA9125747Language: EnglishDocument Type: Journal articleThis study is about the measurement and definition of marriage insub-Saharan Africa. One of its aims is the measurement of trends in themale and female ages at first marriage in recent decades using populationcensus and sample survey data. The study also examines the World FertilitySurvey marriage definitions for selected African countries and discusseshow the definition of marriage affects the measurement and interpretationof statistics. The results of this investigation show that although thereare differences in estimates between the methods, they all show age at

28

first marriage, especially for females, to be increasing in all thecountries included in the study. A comparison between the World FertilitySurvey and Demographic and Health Survey proportions never married alsoshows the female age at marriage to have increased. Marriage was looselydefined in the World Fertility Surveys, as in the Demographic and HealthSurveys, to include both formal and informal unions. As a result, acomparison between the World Fertility Survey and census data shows moremarried and fewer never married women in the former than in the latter.Despite the loose definition, however, some countries' definitions weremore inclusive of all sexual unions than were others. However, there isreason to believe that pre-marital childbearing is increasing in mostparts of sub-Saharan Africa due to increased female education, a prolongedadolescent stage, and the weakening of parental and kinship controlsystems all of which are conducive to the formation of informalrelationships. The study concludes with policy recommendations andsuggestions for further research.

II Asia

a) General

200 TITLE: Report on the National Workshop on the improvement and useof statistics and indicators on women in development / INSTRAW310 CORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW320 CONFERENCE: Nat. Wksp. on the improvement and use of statistics andindicators on women in development [1988 : Beijing]400 PUBLICATION: Santo Domingo : INSTRAW, 1989460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 119 p.500 NOTE: Contains list of participants620 DESCRIPTOR: WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT / CHINA / STATISTICS / EMPLOYMENT / HEALTH / DATA BANKS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

Women in Indian data systems : a collection of papers presentedat the UN - INSTRAW - GOI - DWCD - SNDT National Workshop onVisability of Women in Statistics and Indicators, ChangingPerspectives, 3 - 7 July 1989 / editor, Maithreyi Krishnaraj. --Bombay : The Centre, 1990. -- iv, 252 p. -- (Contribution to womenstudies series ; 6)

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Krishna Raj, MaithreyiCORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University. Research Centre for Women's StudiesDESCRIPTORS: /India/ /women/ /statistical data/ /women workers//household/ /industrial statistics/ /data collecting/ /social indicators/

29

SHELF CATEGORY: [NON-OFFICIAL MONOGRAPHS COLLECTION]SHELVED AT: SHREEMATI NATHIBAI DAMODAR THACKERSEYWOMEN'S UNIVERSITY. Research Centre for Women's Studies. Women inIndian data systems ... Record no: 106655

120 DOCUMENT NO.: E/ESCWA/SD/89/WG.4/3200 TITLE: Some social and economic indicators that reflect the status of Arab women in the region of Western Asia / ESCWA310 CORPORATE NAME: ESCWA320 CONFERENCE: WG on developing indicators and improving statistics onthe situation of women [1989: Cairo]400 PUBLICATION: Baghdad : ESCWA, 11 Sept. 1989460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 48 p.500 NOTE: Contains a list of english references and an abstract in english900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY /SOCIAL INDICATORS / ECONOMIC ASPECTS / EDUCATION /MARRIAGE / FAMILY / HEALTH / IMMIGRATION /POPULATION / ARAB WOMEN / WESTERN ASIA

ISN=88263B000 TITLE: National workshop on visibility of women in statistics andindicators: exchanging perspectives (1989, Bombay, India)B100 IMPR : Bombay, Research Centre for Women's Studies, 1990G110 CORP : SNDT Women's University,Research Centre for Women's StudiesW900 STATUS : ROKW910 SCDATE : 1992-12-02

040 LAN.ITEM: ara / [short summary in english]050 MEDIUM: 010060 MATERIAL TYPE: 115120 DOCUMENT NO.: E/ESCWA/SD/89/WG.4/4200 TITLE: Improving concepts and methods for statistics and indicators onthe situation of women in ESCWA region / ESCWA310 CORPORATE NAME: ESCWA320 CONFERENCE: WG on developing indicators and improving statistics onthe situation of women [1989 :Cairo]400 PUBLICATION: Baghdad : ESCWA, 11 Sept. 1989460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 69 p.500 NOTE: Contains lists of references in arabic and english900 LOCATION: DAW

30

620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY /FAMILY /WOMEN'S ROLE / MARRIAGE / DIVORCE / EDUCATION /TRAINING PROGRAMMES / WOMEN WORKERS / HEALTH /ECONOMIC ASPECTS / WESTERN ASIA

120 DOCUMENT NO.: E/ESCWA/SD/89/WG.4/10200 TITLE: Preparation of social indicators that indicate the status of women/ ESCWA310 CORPORATE NAME: ESCWA320 CONFERENCE: WG on developing indicators and improving statistics onthe situation of women [1989 :Cairo]400 PUBLICATION: Baghdad : ESCWA, Sept. 1989460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 105 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY /FAMILY /EMPLOYMENT / EDUCATION / RURAL AREAS /IMMIGRATION / WESTERN ASIA / WOMEN'S STATUS

120 DOCUMENT NO.: E/ESCWA/SD/89/WG.4/14200 TITLE : Improving quantity and quality of statistics on women in theESCWA region using household surveys / ESCWA310 CORPORATE NAME: ESCWA320 CONFERENCE: WG on developing indicators and improving statistics onthe situation of women [1989 :Cairo]400 PUBLICATION: Baghdad : ESCWA, 11 Sept. 1989460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 57 p.500 NOTE: Contains list of references in english and arabic900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY /HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS / WESTERN ASIA / DEMOGRAPHY /POPULATION / FAMILY

b) Economic activity

Measuring female labour activities in Asian developing countries: atime-allocation approach.TOMODA, S.International Labour Review 1985. v 124(6) pp 661-676.Language: EnglishAsserted, but rarely proved, that women are more active economically thanofficial statistics suggest. Uses detailed empirical evidence fromBangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal and the Philippines to analyse how women indifferent settings, and activities spend their time. The time-allocationapproach, which has the advantage of minimising the sex bias and conceptual

31

ambiguities found in traditional data collection methods, provides usefulinsights into different activity patterns and a more accurate picture ofwomen's contribution to overall family welfare and the economy ingeneral.-from Journal summary

200 TITLE : Report on the Workshop on Statistics and Indicators on theSocial and Economic Situation of Women Particularly in the Informal Sector/ INSTRAW, CENWOR, ESCAP310 CORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW / ESCAP320 CONFERENCE: Wksp. on Statistics and Indicators on the Social andEconomic Situation of Women Particularly in the Informal Sector [1987:Colombo]400 PUBLICATION: Santo Domingo : INSTRAW, 1988?460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 166 p.500 NOTE: Published by INSTRAW for Centre for Women's Research(CENWOR) and Dept. of Census of Sri Lanka without official editing.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / SOCIAL ASPECTS / ECONOMICASPECTS/ INFORMAL SECTOR / SOCIAL STATISTICS / SEXDISTRIBUTION / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / SRI LANKA

Women in labour force statistics : Bangladesh : a case study. //IN: Grassroots : an alternative development journal (BD) 1,no.4(1992): 42-51.

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Salahuddin, KhaledaDESCRIPTORS: /Bangladesh/ /labour force/ /women workers/ /labour statistics/ /women's participation/

SHELF CATEGORY: [NON-OFFICIAL SERIALS COLLECTION]SHELVED AT: (691) GRASSROOTS: an alternative development journal. - 1,no.4 (1992): 42-51. Record no: 106075

Inter - state variations in work force participation rates ofwomen in India : an analysis / by K. Sundaram. -- New Delhi : AsianEmployment Programme, 1988. -- v, 50 p. -- (Asian EmploymentProgramme working papers, Studies on women workers ; 1). -- ISBN92-2-106111-6

32

Invisible female agricultural labour in Indiain: Different places, different voices: gender and development in Africa,Asia and Latin AmericaRaghuram, P.Ed.: Momsen, J.H. ; Kinnaird, V.Publ.: (Routledge)1993. pp 109-119Language: EnglishThis chapter is based on data collected over 12 months in 1983-84. Theanalysis is confined to the contribution of adult family and wage labour inwork on 76 farms in Karoli, Sangli district, Maharashtra. The chapterconcentrates upon labour use on own farms and is not concerned with thatwhich is hired out. The analysis reveals the significance of femaleagricultural labour in the village. Women were found to be working longerhours than men and more women worked on their own farms than did men. Thegender division of familial labour in agriculture is thus biased towardsthe female adult. Invisible female agriculture labour in India needs to bedisaggregated from 'family help' and accepted as a partner in agriculturalproduction. This requires a realisation of the bias in data-collectiontechniques in large government organisations and a move towards correctingthese biases. -from Author

TI: Women's participation in the labour force: a methods test in India forimproving its measurementAU: Anker,-R.; Khan,-M.A.; Gupta,-R.B.PT: B (Monographs), M (Monographic), S (Serial), Z (Bibliography)SO: Women,-Work-and-Development (Switzerland).1988, no. 16, 216 p., figs, tables; bibliography (p. 193-204)LA: EnglishCC: Labour-DE: labour-force; women-; research-methods; measurement-systems;labour-statisticsLO: India, Uttar PradeshAB: This monograph is concerned with ways to improve the measurement offemale labour force participation in India. The analysis is based on aILO/Operation Research Group (ORG) test among 1,621 rural households inUttar Pradesh. In 6 chapters attention is paid to: (1) difficulties in measuringfemale labour force participation; (2) the ILO/ORG method test; (3) the samplehouseholds; (4) the results by questionnaire type; (5) results by respondents andindividual types; (6) the multivariate results. The main conclusions drawn are:general keyword questions which enquire about main activity, earning and workshould either be dropped or used in combination with questions which mentionmore specific activities; data collection on multiple labour force activities shouldbe encouraged; governments should report several measures of labour force (alsopart-time labour) in the official statistics.

33

Author(s): Anker, Richard & Khan, M. E. & Gupta, R. B.Title: Women's participation in the labour force: a methods test inIndia for improving its measurement // Richard Anker, M.E.Khan and R.B. Gupta Series: Women, work and development; 16 Publisher: Geneva: International Labour Office, c1988 Pages/format: xiv, 204 p. General notes: Bibliography: p. 193-204 General notes: ocm17976155 - Women- India - OFF PUBNS - HD6189- .A761988 - (I.254/16) - 9103 - G

c) Poverty

Poverty in India : data base issues / edited by G.K. Kadekodi,G.V.S.N. Murty. -- New Delhi : Vikas, c1992. -- 360 p. -- ISBN0-7069-5982-5

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Kadekodi, G.K.; Murty, G.V.S.N.CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Indian Econometric SocietyDESCRIPTORS: /India/ /poverty/ /statistics/ /statistical analysis/ /women/ /income distribution/ /rural areas/ /urban areas/ /land tenure/ /agrarian structure/ /development indicators/ /agricultural prices/

SHELF CATEGORY: [NON-OFFICIAL MONOGRAPHS COLLECTION]SHELVED AT: INDIAN ECONOMETRIC SOCIETY. Poverty in India: data ... Record no: 98883

Socio-economic indicators for monitoring rural poverty. Report of thebrainstorming session held in Dhaka, 26-27 June 1990.Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the PacificCIRDAP Study Series(No. 116): 90pp.Publication Year: 1990OQEHPublisher: Dhaka, BangladeshLanguage: EnglishDocument Type: MiscellaneousThe session was organized by CIRDAP in collaboration with theInternational Development Research Centre, Canada, and held during June1990. Its aims were to identify indicators of rural poverty, users of such indicators, methodologies of data collection and the institutional mechanisms necessary for monitoring rural poverty and collection of relevant data in a country. Five papers were presented during the session. The papers highlighted the activities of CIRDAP relating to development of

34

indicators for monitoring and evaluation of agrarian reforms and rural development, cooperatives and the State of the Art on integrated rural development; issues relating to such an exercise; and dimensions of structural adjustment and rural poverty with special emphasis on gender issues. The brainstorming session concluded that instead of unidimensional measures of poverty, a multi-dimensional approach should be used for identification of the rural poor. Various manifestations of poverty, gradations of the poor, as well as the processes of poverty should be considered while monitoring rural poverty. A set of key indicators were identified based on the above aspects of poverty monitoring. In the context of Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics was recommended to be entrusted with the job of monitoring rural poverty, in collaboration with other specialized agencies. A data bank at regional level by compiling data from all CIRDAP Member Countries pertaining to rural poverty, structural adjustment and other related macro-policies may be generated in collaboration with CIRDAP, IDRC and FAO. ref.

d) Intrahousehold resource allocation

Seasonality and gender bias in intrahousehold nutrition in India: does statistical methodology define policy messages?. -- Torino :Il Centro, 1993. -- 33 p. -- (Development studies working papers ;n. 65)

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Harriss, BarbaraCORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Centro studi "Luca d'Agliano" Queen ElizabethHouseDESCRIPTORS: /India/ /human nutrition/ /seasonal fluctuations/ /sex roles/ /research methods/ /data collecting/ /comparative analysis/OTHER TERMS:[gender]

SHELF CATEGORY: [NON-OFFICIAL SERIALS COLLECTION]SHELVED AT: (361) CENTRO STUDI LUCA D'AGLIANO. Ld'A - QEH development studies working papers, n. 65. Record no: 121278

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III Middle East

a) General

200 TITLE: Improving statistics on women / Suad Tabbarah-Mohsen300 PERSONAL NAME : Tabbarah-Mohsen, Suad320 CONFERENCE: Socio-Economic challenges for the 1990s � Arab women'scontribution to development [1990 :Cairo]400 PUBLICATION: New York : UNDP, 1990460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 4 p.(eng. abstract); 21 p.(fre.)900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: ARAB WOMEN / SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS / STATISTICS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY

040 LAN.ITEM: ara / eng[brief summary only]050 MEDIUM: 010060 MATERIAL TYPE: 115120 DOCUMENT NO.: E/ESCWA/SD/89/WG.4/2200 TITLE: Statistics and indicators concerning the status of EgyptianWomen / ESCWA310 CORPORATE NAME: ESCWA320 CONFERENCE: WG on developing indicators and improving statistics onthe situation of women [1989 :Cairo]400 PUBLICATION: Baghdad : ESCWA, 11 Sept. 1989460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 62 p.500 NOTE: Contains bibliography [also in english]900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY /TRAINING PROGRAMMES / EDUCATION / EGYPT / ECONOMICACTIVITY / HEALTH / ISLAMIC LAW / LEGISLATION /ECONOMIC ASPECTS

120 DOCUMENT NO.: E/ESCWA/SD/89/WG.4/7200 TITLE: The appraisal of indicators and statistical declaration for thestatus of women in Iraq /ESCWA310 CORPORATE NAME: ESCWA320 CONFERENCE: WG on developing indicators and improving statistics onthe situation of women [1989 :Cairo]400 PUBLICATION: Baghdad : ESCWA, 11 Sept. 1989460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 25 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / IRAQ /SOCIAL ASPECTS / ECONOMIC ASPECTS / POPULATION / WOMEN'SSTATUS

36

b) Economic activity

Improving the measurement of women's participation in theEgyptian labour force : results of a methodological study / byRichard Anker and Martha Anker. -- Geneva : ILO, 1988. -- viii, 121p. -- (World Employment Programme research working papers /Population and Labour Policies Programme ; no. 163). -- "Preparedwith the financial support of the United Nations Population Fund(UNFPA)". -- WEP 2-21/WP.163. -- ISBN 92-2-106855-2

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Anker, Richard; Anker, MarthaCORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Population and Labour Policies Programme UnitedNations. Fund for Population ActivitiesDESCRIPTORS: /Egypt/ /women workers/ /rural women/ /labour force/ /women's participation/ /statistics/ /methodology/ /data collecting/

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: ILO. World employment programme: population and labourpolicies programme; working papers, no. 163. Record no: 14991

Measuring the Female Labour Force in EgyptAnker,-Richard; Anker,-MarthaInternational-Labour-Review; 128(4), 1989, pages 511-20.It is commonly believed that women in Egypt--and in the Arab worldgenerally--contribute little to economic development, despite evidence to thecontrary. This article examines reasons for the under-reporting of female laborforce participation in Egypt. It discusses the efforts of the Egyptian StatisticalOffice and a methods test study conducted jointly by it and the ILO to identifyfactors that explain this under-reporting. While concluding that recent efforts bythe Statistical Office have significantly improved female labor force estimates, italso points to areas for further improvement such as questionnaire design and useof activity lists, use of female self-respondents, consideration of multipleeconomic activities and labor force definition.LOCATION: IDS

37

IV Latin America

Identifying the poor : is "headship" a useful concept?. --Washington, D.C. : World Bank, c1989. -- vii, 50 p. -- (LSMSworking paper, ISSN 0253-4517 ; no. 58). -- ISBN 0-8213-1263-4

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Rosenhouse Persson, SandraCORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Living Standards Measurement StudyDESCRIPTORS: /Peru/ /poverty/ /household/ /women's role/ /statistics/ /household surveys/

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: IBRD. Population and Human Resources Department. LivingStandards Measurement Study. Working papers, no. 58. Record no: 47852

Wainerman, C.H., 1992, 'Improving the accounting of women workers inpopulation censuses: Lessons from Latin America', Population and LabourPolicies Programme, Working Paper No.178, World Employment ProgrammeResearch, ILO, Geneva

V Pacific

a) General

Socio-economic statistics on women : five case studies in thePacific / by Sue Fleming. -- Noumea, New Caledonia : South PacificCommission, 1987. -- ix, 85 p. -- (Technical paper / South PacificCommission ; no. 193). -- Bibliography: p. 73-85. -- ISBN982-203-094-0

PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Fleming, SueCORPORATE AUTHOR(S): South Pacific CommissionIn 1981 the seminar of South Pacific Women noted the lack of accurateinformation on the socio-economic status of women. This study explores thesepolicy recommendations by reviewing the appropriateness of data and datacollection systems in this area, by taking Fiji, Kiribati, the Marshall and Solomonislands and Tonga as case studies. The adequacy of the information is assessed bylooking at 7 variables of statistics on women: households, family and individuals,migration, ethnicity, health, education, employment and access to resources.Finally recommendations are made on how improvements can be achieved.Improving data gathering processes necessitate greater involvement of women inall aspects of statistics.

38

SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSCOLLECTION]SHELVED AT: SOUTH PACIFIC COMMISSION. Technical papers, no. 193. Record no: 10210

Workshop on socio-economic statistics on women, Noumea, NewCaledonia, 16 - 19 February 1987 : report / South Pacific Commission. -- Noumea : The Commission, 1987. -- iv, 25 p. -- ISBN982-203-018-5

CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Workshop on Socio-Economic Statistics onWomen: 1987 : Noumea) South Pacific CommissionDESCRIPTORS: /Oceania/ /women/ /social statistics/ /economic statistics/ /statistical services/ /data collecting/

SHELF CATEGORY: [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS COLLECTION]SHELVED AT: SOUTH PACIFIC COMMISSION. Workshop onSocio-Economic Statistics on Women, Noumea, 1987. Report. Record no: 18555

b) Economic activity

Economic activity and occupation in the Pacific Islands: issues of censusclassification and analysisFriesen, W.Asian & Pacific Population Forum 1990. v 4(2) pp 11-18,29-31Language: EnglishClassification of 'work' and 'economic activity' has been inadequate inmany censuses and surveys, particularly those in developing countries. Inthe Pacific Islands, subsistence and certain kinds of cash activities areoften overlooked, and this omission tends to make vulnerable groups,especially women, less visible to planners and politicians. Some progresshas been made in incorporating nonwage and noncash activities into recentclassification systems used in censuses. One of the purposes of the newInternational Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88) is to provide animproved system of classification for such activities. Still, theconvention that a single 'job' must be identified for each individualobscures much important information about some societies and theireconomies. Also needed in the Pacific are systems for providing moremeaningful data collection and analysis on the relationship betweenindividual and household activities. -Author

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VI Eastern Europe

060 MATERIAL TYPE: 115120 DOCUMENT NO.: CES/AC.60/39 / INSTRAW/AC.4/39151 AGENDA NO.: 5152 AGENDA ITEM: Statistics required for the implementation of theForward-looking Strategeis200 TITLE: Organization of the Statistical Study ofthe Situation of Womenin the USSR and improvement in its methodology / USSR State Committee onStatistics310 CORPORATE NAME: USSR, State Committee on Statistics320 CONFERENCE: ECE/INSTRAW Joint Meeting on Statistics and Women[2nd : 1989 : Geneva]400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : Statistical Commission and ECE, 1 Sept. 1989460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 8 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / GENDER ANALYSIS / LABOUR STATISTICS / FLS: NAIROBI / USSR / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / PART TIME EMPLOYMENT

VII Western Europe, United States, Canada, New Zealand

a) General

120 DOCUMENT NO. : Working Paper No. 3 151 AGENDA NO. : 3 152 AGENDA ITEM : Planned future ECE statistical publication 200 TITLE: Statistics on women and men in the Nordic countries: Deficiencies and proposals for improvements Statistics Sweden on behalf of the Nordic Committee for Equal OpportunityStatistics 310 CORPORATE NAME: Statistics Sweden 320 CONFERENCE : Work Ses. on Statistics of Women [1992: Geneva] 400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, Conference of European Statisticians,1992 460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 13 p. 900 LOCATION: DAW 620 DESCRIPTOR: EUROPE / STATISTICS / NORDIC COUNTRIES / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / EQUAL OPPORTUNITY / GUIDELINES

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b) Economic activity

060 MATERIAL TYPE: 115120 DOCUMENT NO.: Working Paper No. 5151 AGENDA NO. : 4152 AGENDA ITEM: Measuring the economic contributions of women throughtime-use surveys and other sources200 TITLE: The content and organization of the Austrian time use survey /Austrian Statistical Office310 CORPORATE NAME: Austria, Statistical Office320 CONFERENCE: Work Ses. on Statistics of Women [1992 : Geneva]400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, Conference of European Statisticians, 1992460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 11 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: EUROPE / STATISTICS / STATISTICALMETHODOLOGY / TIME USE STATISTICS / AUSTRIA / HOUSEHOLDSURVEYS

120 DOCUMENT NO.: Working Paper No. 6151 AGENDA NO.: 4152 AGENDA ITEM: Measuring the economic contributions of women throughtime-use surveys and other sources200 TITLE: The 1991/1992 Time budget survey of the Federal Republic ofGermany: Objectives and background / Statistisches Bundesamt310 CORPORATE NAME: Germany, Statistisches Bundesamt320 CONFERENCE: Work Ses. on Statistics of Women [1992 : Geneva]400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, Conference of European Statisticians, 1992460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 15 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: EUROPE / STATISTICS / STATISTICALMETHODOLOGY / TIME USE STATISTICS / GERMANY

120 DOCUMENT NO.: Working Paper No. 8151 AGENDA NO.: 4152 AGENDA ITEM: Measuring the economic contributions of women throughtime-use surveys and other sources200 TITLE: The 1990/1 Swedish time use survey / Statistics Sweden310 CORPORATE NAME: Statistics Sweden320 CONFERENCE: Work Ses. on Statistics of Women [1992 : Geneva]400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, Conference of European Statisticians, 1992460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 7 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: EUROPE / STATISTICS / STATISTICALMETHODOLOGY / TIME USE STATISTICS / SWEDEN

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120 DOCUMENT NO. : Working Paper No. 17151 AGENDA NO.: 4152 AGENDA ITEM: Measuring the economic contributions of womenthrough time-use surveys and other sources200 TITLE: The New Zealand time use pilot survey, 1990 / New ZealandDepartment of Statistics310 CORPORATE NAME: New Zealand, Department of Statistics320 CONFERENCE: Work Ses. on Statistics of Women [1992 :Geneva]400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, Conference of European Statisticians, 1992460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 8 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: NEW ZEALAND / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY /TIME USE STATISTICS / HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS

TI: An analysis of women's employment patterns in the UK, France and theUSA: The value of survey based comparisonsAU: Dale,-Angela; Glover,-JudithSO: Research Paper, no. 75, London: U.K. Department of Employment, 1990,pages 77.AB: Explores the extent of comparative published information on women'semployment patterns, focusing on national level surveys of British, French, andAmerian women's employment. Gives a brief overview of women's employmentpatterns in the EC member states. For the United Kingdom, the United States, andFrance, presents an international comparative analysis of basic occupational andindustrial structures, and main gender-related employment differences;age-related differences in women's employment characteristics; and women'semployment as a process, covering issues of part-time and multiple job holding,job entrance, and unemployment. Examines the employment characteristics ofwomen belonging to different nationalities in France and the United Kingdom.Dale is with the Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London. Gloveris with the Department of Sociology, University of Surrey. No index; AI: Yes;AN: 240753

Chadeau, A., 1989, 'Measuring household production: Conceptual issues andresults for France', Paper presented at the Second ECE/INSTRAW JointMeeting on Statistics of Women, November 13-16, Geneva

c) Fertility and family surveys

120 DOCUMENT NO.: Working Paper No. 5200 TITLE: Major components of the FFS core questionnaire / Prepared bythe Secretariat310 CORPORATE NAME: ECE, Statistical Commission320 CONFERENCE: Statistical Commission and ECE [Work Session on Fertilityand Family Surveys : 1991 : Geneva]

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400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, 1991460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 10 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / FERTILITY /FAMILY / HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS / EUROPE

120 DOCUMENT NO.: Working Paper No. 3200 TITLE: Theoretical background of the FFS Project /Prepared by theSecretariat310 CORPORATE NAME: ECE, Statistical Commission320 CONFERENCE: Statistical Commission and ECE [Work Session :1991:Geneva]400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, 1991900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / FERTILITY /FAMILY / EUROPE

151 AGENDA NO.: 3.5152 AGENDA ITEM: Fertility and family surveys200 TITLE: Fertility and Family Surveys / Note prepared by the Secretariat310 CORPORATE NAME: ECE, Statistical Commission320 CONFERENCE: Conference of European Statisticians [39th plenary session :1991 : Geneva]400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, 1 May 1991460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 6 p.900 LOCATION: DAW620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / FERTILITY /FAMILY /HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS / EUROPE

VIII Cross-regional studies, conferences

a) Economic activity

TI: Classifying women's activities: three case studies: Kenya, Mexico, NepalAD: U.N. International Research and Training Inst. for the Advancement ofWomen, Santo Domingo, Dominican RepublicPT: B (Monographs), M (Monographic), S (Serial)SO: INSTRAW NEWS (Dominican Republic).1989, no. 12 (suppl. 1) 13 p., table, 4 ref.LA: EnglishCC: Labour-DE: labour-statistics; job-classification; sex-distribution; division-of-labour;women-workers; case-studies

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LO: Kenya, Mexico, NepalAB: The fact that data should be broken down by gender in statistics is nowaccepted as a fundamental element of statistical work. However, the practicalrealization of this concept lags far behind its recognition. In this booklet 3 casestudies are summarized in which the role of gender in occupational and industrialclassifications was investigated; the countries involved were Kenya, Mexico andNepal. It is pointed out that job classifications must reflect all types of workwithin a sector as well as factors which affect women's participation in the labourforce. For example, agricultural work could be subdivided into categories such asdigging, weeding, harvesting, transporting and storing while seasonal variationsin household labour demands could also be taken into account. Also, labourperformed in the home should be registered in order to provide an accuratepicture of the female labour force.

TI: Women in Economic Activity: Lessons from Two Surveys in Costa Ricaand KeralaAU: Mata-Greenwood,-AdrianaSO: Statistical-Journal; 6(4), 1989, pages 293-304.AB: The international standards on the measurement of the economicaly activepopulation, employment, unemployment and underemployment, adopted by the13th International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS) in 1982, presentsome important changes with respect to earlier standards. This paperconcentrates on the measurement of women's economic activities. Workingwomen are in general more difficult to identify than men due to the type of workthey are engaged in and their role as homemakers. The results obtained from twoILO methodological surveys carried out in Kerala, India and Costa Rica in 1983,show that these standards improve the measurement of women in economicactivity, particularly when an activity list is incorporated into the questionaire todetect persons engaged in production for own consumption, and the seeking workcriterion for measuring unemployment is relaxed.AI: YesAN: 240431

Effect on reported levels of female labour force participation indeveloping countries of questionnaire design, sex of interviewer andsex/proxy status of respondent: description of a methodological fieldexperiment.Anker, R.Population and Labour Policies Programme, ILO, Geneva, Switzerland.Working Papers, Population and Labour Policies Programme, WorldEmployment Programme, International Labour Organisation(No. 137): viii + 78pp. Publication Year: 1983ISBN: 92-2-103545-X Language: English. Document Type: Miscellaneous

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As part of an ILO project to provide statistical evidence and practicalsuggestions on fieldwork techniques and questionnaire design for measuringmore accurately the participation of women in the labour force, this paperdescribes an experimental methods test. The intention is to investigatethe effects of questionnaire design, definition of labour force activity,sex of interviewer and sex or proxy-status of respondent on reported ratesof female participation in Egypt and Uttar Pradesh. The Methods Testdescribed in the paper involves conducting household surveys usingdifferent types of questionnaires; male and female interviewers; male andfemale proxy-respondents and female self respondents. A fully balancedmulti-stage sample design is to be employed where feasible. The secondaryissues to be studied include: characteristics of the person for whominformation is collected; characteristics of the respondent other thansex; characteristics of the household and household head; non-sexcharacteristics of the inteviewer; and characteristics of the interviewenvironment.

b) Intrahousehold resource allocation

Looking for Boy-Girl Discrimination in Household Expenditure DataDeaton,-Angus-S.World-Bank-Economic-Review; 3(1), January 1989, pages 1-15.The ability to test for discrimination in the allocation of goods between boys andgirls is hampered by a lack of data on intrahousehold distribution. The analysispresented here allows inferences about intrahousehold allocation to be made fromhousehold-level expenditure data. For a given level of income, families withchildren will spend less on adult goods in order to purchase children's goods. Ifhousehold purchasing favors boys over girls, smaller expenditures on adult goodswould be made by families with boys as compared with those with girls. Amethod for determining "adult" goods is described, and the procedure fordetecting gender bias is applied to data from the Ivory Coast and Thailand. Thedata show no evidence of discrimination between boys and girls in the IvoryCoast, and a small and statistically insignificant bias in favor of boys in Thailand.