THE WORLD BANK

E A S T A S I A A N D PA C I F I C R E G I O NS u s t a i n a b l e D e ve l o p m e n t

G u i d a n c e N o t e6G E N D E R A N D D I S A S T E R R I S K M A N A G E M E N T - G U I D A N C E N OT E S

Photo by Sawanpracharak Hospital

Integrating Gender-Sensitive Disaster Risk Management into Community-Driven Development Programs

This note on Integrating Gender-Sensitive Disaster Risk Management in Community-Driven Development (CDD) Programs is the sixth in a series of Guidance Notes on gender issues in disaster risk management (DRM) in the East Asia and the Pacific region. Targeting World Bank staff, clients and development partners, this note gives an overview of the main reasons for incorporating gender-sensitive DRM into CDD programs, identifies the key challenges, and recommends strategies and tools. This note complements Guidance Note 4: Integrating Gender Issues in Community-based Disaster Risk Management

the resulting service provision. CDD fills a critical gap in poverty reduction efforts, complementing market economy and government-run programs. Experience shows that by relying on program beneficiaries to drive development activities, CDD programs have the potential to make poverty-reduction efforts more responsive to demands, more inclusive, sustainable, and cost-effective than traditional centrally-led programs (IDA, 2007). Supporting CDD normally includes activities such as strengthening and financing community groups, facilitating community access to information, and promoting policy and institutional reform. Further information on CDD programs can be found in Community Driven Development - Empowering People to Lead Their Development (IDA, 2010).

Community-driven development (CDD) is an approach that gives communities control over resources and decision-making. Poor communities receive funds, decide on their use, plan and implement local projects, and monitor

WHAT IS COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT?

WHY INTEGRATE COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT WITH DRM?

Poor women and men are more at risk from adverse impacts of natural hazards. Vulnerability to the risks and income shocks resulting from natural disasters is one of the fundamental dimensions of poverty (World Bank, 2009). Many of the communities in which CDD programs are being implemented are disaster-prone and sensitive to the impacts of climate change. Initiatives to strengthen the resilience of poor and vulnerable men and women to natural hazard and climate change impacts can not only contribute to improving their livelihoods and safety but also to protecting the substantial investments being made in poverty reduction, infrastructure and services provision.

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2G U I D A N C E N O T E S o n G E N D E R a n d

D i s a s t e r R i s k M a n a g e m e n t

Photo by Sawapracharak Hospital

What is the difference between community-driven development and community-based DRM?

The World Bank recommends the integration of community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM)approachesinto CDD programming in places with high disaster risks. CBDRM is highly complementary to CDD. The main difference is that CBDRM focuses specifically on the factors that make communities vulnerable to the impacts of natural hazard and, increasingly, climate change, while CDD addresses a wider range of socio-economic and governance influences on poverty, such as high food prices or socio-political conflict. CBDRM can be built into CDD programs as a core contributing element to poverty reduction strategies.

Source: World Bank (2009) Building Resilient Communities: Risk Management and Response to Natural Disasters through Social Funds and Community-Driven Development Programs. This source provides detailed information, case studies and examples for implementation.

A number of CDD programs have already been making a significant contribution to disaster risk reduction and recovery. The ability of such programs to strengthen community-government relationships allows them to develop critical linkages in disaster early warning, preparedness and mitigation and response systems (World Bank, 2009). CDD programs support disaster response and recovery as well as pro-active disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation initiatives in disaster-prone countries. They can:

• Strengthen the capacity of communities and governments to reduce and manage the impact of shocks. • Increase access to basic social services (public health, sanitation, education, etc.) and/or micro-finance/

micro-insurance services to build livelihood security, as well as the ability to cope with current and future shocks.

• Develop or strengthening the physical infrastructure to reduce asset losses (e.g. seawalls, irrigation systems, health centers, slope stabilization), including retro-fitting of existing key infrastructure to make it more

hazard-resilient. • Assist disaster-affected communities to protect their income and assets through public works and cash

transfer programs, and supporting longer-term recovery initiatives to restore and improve income and assets.• Contribute trained community facilitators to assist with Social Impact Analysis (SIA) and vulnerability

targeting during government-led post disaster needs assessments.

G u i d a n c e N o t e3 6

Photo by Sawapracharak Hospital

Case Study: The Evolution of Gender-Sensitive DRM/CCA in a CDD Program

The Philippines’ Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services Program (KALAHI-CIDSS), started in 2002, has reached over 4,500 of the poorest villages in 200 municipalities, supporting 5,645 sub projects, and benefited around 1.26 million households. As the program has evolved, its understanding and experience of the impacts of gender and disaster risk management / climate change adaptation (DRM/CCA) issues on poverty reduction have also evolved.

Gender concerns. Past evaluations and studies have found relatively high participation rates in project activities, including a number of positive benefits for women, which indicate the value of the program’s intensive social mobilization and participatory planning processes. At the same time, women and men who have notattended schools have been less likely to have their preferences represented in the sub-project proposals. Gender concerns have not been fully discussed in project implementation documents and sub-project proposals. Participatory monitoring and evaluation (M&E) processes also have not adequately consulted with male and female beneficiaries nor closely consulted them on the gender impacts of the program. Efforts to address these shortcomings have been underway since 2009-10, including an in-depth analysis of ways to make M&E more gender-sensitive.

Disaster and climate change risk. Many communities in which KALAHI-CIDSS works are vulnerable tonatural disaster and/or climate-related impacts. While some of these communities have identified and implemented DRM sub-projects, such as sea wall construction, a systematic approach was not in place to analyze these risks across the program, raise awareness among communities and local government, and include a range of programming options to build disaster and climate resilience. In 2010, KALAHI-CIDSS engaged in a participatory consultation and planning process to integrate cost-effective DRM/CCA initiatives into the program.

Next steps: Planning for the next phase of KALAHI-CIDSS is underway and builds on this knowledge and experience. The design will incorporate gender-sensitive DRM/CCA strategies, activities and performance indicators to ensure that men and women can equally benefit from, and participate in, building community resilience to disaster and climate-related impacts.

Sources: Eusebio and Bonar, 2010; World Bank, 2011d; World Bank, 2011f.

WHY INCLUDE GENDER NEEDS?

While many CDD programs have been proactive in identifying and addressing gender issues as part of community participation and social inclusiveness strategies, few have addressed the gender-differentiated aspects of disaster and climate risks. The difference is important, as women tend to experience disproportionately higher disaster and climate risks and impacts than men, though men can also be adversely affected (World Bank, 2011c).

4G U I D A N C E N O T E S o n G E N D E R a n d

D i s a s t e r R i s k M a n a g e m e n t

CHALLENGES IN INTEGRATING GENDER-SENSITIVE DRM IN CDD PROGRAMS

HOW TO INTEGRATE GENDER-SENSITIVE DRM IN CDD PROGRAMS

Some of the main challenges in integrating gender-sensitive DRM in CDD programs include:

1. Valuing women’s participation: Women’s priorities for projects, whether in DRM and climate change adaptation (CCA) or in other areas, are often bypassed in decisions to allocate limited community-level project

resources. Similarly, women often are not included in DRM teams and decision-making bodies. Convincing local government officials and community leaders to fully involve both women and men from communities in DRM and CCA activities and decision-making can be challenging.

2. Capacity to integrate DRM/CCA and gender needs: Frequently, the majority of program staff and government or civil society implementing partners of a CDD program will not be familiar with how to integrate

DRM/CCA or gender aspects into their work.

3. Needs assessment, communication, and monitoring and evaluation: Gender-blind assessments, lack of gender-disaggregated data, and robust monitoring and evaluation (M&E) pose problems for developing gender-sensitive programs. See also Guidance Note 8: Gender-Sensitive Post-disaster Assessments, and Guidance Note 3: Gender Informed Monitoring and Evaluation in Disaster Risk Management.

4. Quality of post-disaster response and recovery: In a post-disaster context, the sense of urgency that often pervades relief and recovery efforts can lead to shortcuts in consultative processes. This may sideline

local decision-making structures and/or poor and vulnerable groups, and in turn, often leads to inappropriate or unsustainable results (World Bank, 2006), including elite capture of the benefits of the assistance (Arnold and Burton, 2010).

There are many opportunities to integrate gender sensitive approaches into disaster risk management as part of CDD programs. Key areas are presented below:

Promoting women’s participation: To promote women’s substantive contributions, it is important that relevant decisions or proposals made by women receive funding. Technical assistance may also be required to develop their skills and confidence to prepare solid proposals. Such measures have been introduced into CDD programs like the Lao Poverty Reduction Fund (see Case Study 2 below). Specific targets/quotas for women and other marginalized groups, along with support to develop their skills and confidence to play such roles, can be useful when there are barriers to their participation or access to program resources. Suggested actions include:

• Conduct activities to sensitize local government officials and community leaders to the importance of investing in gender-sensitive DRM in areas at high risk of disaster or climate-related impacts that can be

integrated into the social preparation stage of a CDD program development.• Identify ‘change champions’ - e.g. respected political, community, religious, or entertainment figures - to

carry out advocacy/education activities with community and government partners at every level.• Develop DRM and gender advocacy strategies and messages which are based on sound evidence and are

adjusted to reflect the interests of different stakeholder groups; for instance to demonstrate to health and disaster management authorities how training women in evacuation procedures and first aid can save children’s lives.

G u i d a n c e N o t e5 6

Strenghtening capacities: The staff and implementing partners need to be sensitized to gender and DRM and CCA issues and skilled in gender analysis, particularly, the community facilitators. Gender and DRM/CCA expertise should be provided by the program team through staff/consultant roles and/or CSO/NGO partners. Gender responsibilities need to be incorporated into job descriptions and performance review systems, and senior program management also needs to demonstrate a clear commitment to gender equality. Case Study 3 shares the experience of the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) following the 2005 Pakistan earthquake, highlighting the need to ensure that the personnel deployed or recruited by partner organizations receives adequate training and on-the-job technical support for gender analysis. See also recommendations in the Guidance Note 8: Gender-Sensitive Post-disaster Assessments.

Case Study: Enhancing Women’s Participation in the Lao Poverty Reduction Fund

The Lao Poverty Reduction Fund (PRF) seeks to promote the equitable involvement of women in decision-making and the implementation of its sub-projects. When the operations of the Phase I began in 2003, the focus was on ensuring women’s opportunity to express their preferences for the sub-projects. At the village level, men and women would participate in separate meetings where they each identified three proposed priorities for the use of PRF funds. A village needs priority assessment (VNPA) meeting of both genders created a combined list of three priority sub-projects for the village. However, none of the proposals had to reflect the preferences that women had expressed in their single-sex meetings, and women’s priorities were receiving less support than those of men. A review of the procedures in 2007–08 led to several important changes that have increased women’s roles and opportunities. The single-sex meetings continue (each group proposes three infrastructure sub-projects and two priorities for training) but participants at the VPNA meetings must now select two of the three infrastructure proposals and one of the two training proposals from the women’s list. A recent Independent Completion Report found that the PRF is successfully reaching the poorest women in the Laos PDR, with 91% of the approved sub-projects coming from the women’s lists.

Phase II (2011-16) of the PRF has a gender action plan in place which seeks to integrate gender across the project components. The project will incorporate specific gender equality actions into the program, based on the lessons learnt from Phase I, including stronger women’s participation in DRM programs, through meetings and trainings, and other means. In 2009, Typhoon Ketsana crossed Vietnam and hit southern part of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic before moving to Cambodia. Increasing women’s engagement in DRM through PRF and other projects can help increase their resilience towards external shocks, including disasters.

Sources: World Bank, 2011e, p 6; J Plummer, 9 May 2012.

Case Study: Expanding Post-Disaster Community Outreach

The PPAF’s Earthquake Relief, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Program (E3RP) deployed Social Mobilization Teams (SMTs) through its partner organizations (47 in Azad Jammu Kashmir and 60 in North West Frontier Province). Each team was designed to include an engineer and a male and female social organizer and had responsibility for 800–1,000 households. The SMTs played a critical role in housing reconstruction by carrying out damage assessments, social mobilization, training, and quality control activities.

A constraint faced by the operation was the lack of sufficient female team members for some of the SMTs, despite the requirement to include women. This reduced the capacity of PPAF to work with vulnerable families, particularly those headed by women. Partner organizations did not appear to understand gender issues or disabled-friendly housing design. The PPAF concluded that, in the future, it would be desirable to train and monitor partner organizations on vulnerability and gender issues.

Source: World Bank, 2009.

6G U I D A N C E N O T E S o n G E N D E R a n d

D i s a s t e r R i s k M a n a g e m e n t

Engaging male and female staff and volunteers from marginalized groups: Working with CBOs/NGOs that represent these groups, where they exist, can contribute to improved outreach to women in contexts where their mobility or male-female interactions are restricted. The salaries of male and female staff should be equal, and the conditions of service should accommodate their different circumstances. For instance, the Indonesia National Community Empowerment Program in Urban Areas (PNPM-Urban) has included improvements in maternity leave provisions for its female community consultants and facilitators in the program’s gender strategy, along with recruitment targets for women.

Balanced needs assessment, communication, and monitoring and evaluation: Gender-sensitive analysis of current and future hazard risks needs to be incorporated into participatory planning processes and poverty reduction strategies. Joint male and female public meetings and events usually need to be supplemented with separate focus group discussions or in-depth interviews with female as well as male household members. In some contexts, women may need to interview women due to restrictions on male-female contact. Women and men may also feel more comfortable to discuss sensitive issues such as reproductive health or gender-based violence with members of the same sex. For post-disaster situations, the World Bank has recently begun to support affected governments to conduct social impact analysis (SIA) - incorporating gender analysis - as part of post-disaster needs assessments (see Guidance Note 8: Gender-Sensitive Post-disaster Assessments).

Robust participatory M&E systems: Incorporating specific gender performance indicators can contribute to better and more gender-sensitive outcomes. A number of CDD programs have well-developed systems for community level accountability; however, not all account for gender differences. Approaches should recognize the differences between men and women in their access to information and the channels by which it is given and received. Guidance Note 3: Gender Informed Monitoring and Evaluation in Disaster Risk Management provides further information on how to develop gender-sensitive M&E systems. Guidance manuals have also been developed for the design of gender-sensitive M&E in the Philippines and Lao PDR CDD programs which can be applied to DRM activities.

Community outreach mechanisms need to be designed to be accessible to all: Whether or not women and men have high illiteracy levels, the complaints procedures should not rely solely on written submissions; socially-marginalized groups should be provided with separate opportunities to give their views as part of public/separate meetings. The social impact and gender analyses conducted during the design of the program, and consultations with CSOs that represent these groups, should identify the most effective methods of local outreach. Gender audits are another practical tool used by CDD programs to assess whether the specific actions taken ensure equitable male-female programming outcomes. For example, the World Bank-financed Mongolia Sustainable Livelihoods Project, a CDD project with a strong DRM focus, has carried out a gender audit of its activities.

Assuring quality in post-disaster response and recovery: CDD programs in disaster prone areas should develop preparedness plans to ensure fast and efficient responses, while ensuring that the relevance, effectiveness and responsiveness to gender-differentiated needs and priorities is not unduly compromised. To achieve this, consultations should be undertaken with staff, implementing partners, and male and female members of the participating communities to identify the appropriate systems and procedures for emergency response andrecovery needs assessments, scaling up operations, community facilitation/monitoring, procurement, and fiduciary safeguards. Based on these consultations, the proposed amendments and technical assistance requirements for the repair and reconstruction works need to be incorporated into the post-disaster plans. Specific actions that can positively influence gender-sensitive disaster response include the following:

• Temporary redeployment of community facilitators and recruitment and training of additional facilitators for post-disaster needs assessment and recovery programming can help authorities and organizations facing capacity and time constraints.

• Involvement of local partner CSOs and NGOs in the response can: provide rapid, accurate information about disaster impacts, and support effective outreach to affected communities; allow authorities to benefit from local knowledge to identify vulnerable people for assistance; as well as facilitate the re-establishment of social cohesion following disasters (World Bank, 2009).

TOOLS

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

Annex 1 summarizes the options available for Integrating Gender-Sensitive DRM into CDD Programs, listing areas for both DRM and gender action steps. The table is complementary to Guidance Note 7: Integrating Gender-Sensitive Livelihoods and Social Protection into Disaster Risk Management Programs which identifies issues and options for integrating gender-sensitive initiatives into programs designed to strengthen livelihoods and social resilience to disaster impacts.

Annex 2 lists the entry and actions points for integrating gender-sensitive DRM into a CDD project cycle. Additional information on gender and DRM project cycle entry points can be found in Guidance Note 2: Integrating Gender Issues in Disaster Risk Management Policy Development and in Projects.

World Bank. 2012. What Have Been the Impacts of CDD Programs. By Susan Wong. Washington DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2011. Analyzing the Social Impacts of Disasters, Volumes I and II. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2011. Gender Dimensions of Community Driven Development Programs: A Toolkit for Practitioners. Washington, DC: World Bank. World Bank. 2011. Climate Resilience and Social Change: Operational Toolkit. Washington, DC: World Bank.

1 Module 4 of the World Bank Building Resilient Communities: Risk Management and Response to Natural Disasters through Social Funds and Community-Driven Development Programs provides detailed information on the issues and options for more effective disaster response.

G u i d a n c e N o t e7 6Case Study: Gender-Sensitive Disaster Response in Indonesia

Following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, Indonesia’s Kecamatan Development Program recruited 28 sub-district information facilitators in addition to its existing network of male and female village technical and empowerment facilitators to support post-disaster response efforts. The responsibilities of the information facilitators covered most aspects of gender-disaggregated data collection, information sharing, and communication with stakeholders and external partners (NGOs, donors, etc). The facilitators were also responsible for dissemination of information about the program to local stakeholders, documenting program activities, and interacting with the media. The facilitators contributed to the high level of participation of villagers at all stages of the relief and recovery process, an important factor in the overall reconstruction and recovery process.

Source: World Bank, 2009.

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hold

inco

me

(e.g

. m

arke

tpla

ces,

acc

ess

road

s, r

ubbl

e cl

eara

nce,

dro

ught

m

itig

atio

n w

orks

, et

c).

• Pr

ovid

e ca

sh,

cred

it,

and/

or i

n-ki

nd a

ssis

tanc

e to

re-

esta

blis

h sm

all bu

sine

sses

(re

plac

e to

ols,

res

tock

, et

c.)

and

repl

ace

lost

as

sets

(e.

g. li

vest

ock,

etc

.) t

hrou

gh e

stab

lishe

d ch

anne

ls/p

art-

ners

. •

Red

irec

t a

port

ion

of c

omm

unity

bloc

k gr

ant

reso

urce

s to

com

-m

unity-

leve

l lon

ger-

term

rec

onst

ruct

ion

activi

ties

.•

Sup

port

com

mun

ity-

base

d an

d/or

ow

ner

self-

build

hou

sing

and

se

ttle

men

t re

cons

truc

tion

, if

appr

opriat

e.

Act

ion

PU

BLI

C S

ER

VIC

ES

EM

PO

WER

MEN

T

Ph

ase

AN

NEX

1 S

um

mar

y -

Inte

gra

tin

g G

end

er-S

ensi

tive

DR

M in

to C

DD

Pro

gra

ms

Pre

ven

tion

, M

itig

atio

n

and

Pre

par

edn

ess

Pre

ven

tion

, M

itig

atio

n

and

Pre

par

edn

ess

Res

pon

se a

nd

Rec

ove

ry

Res

pon

se a

nd

Rec

ove

ry

• In

volv

e m

en a

nd w

omen

fro

m d

iver

se g

roup

s ac

tive

ly i

n th

e se

lect

ion,

des

ign,

con

stru

ctio

n, a

nd m

aint

enan

ce o

f risk

mitig

a-tion

wor

ks.

• Req

uire

tha

t so

me

sub-

proj

ects

iden

tifie

d as

prior

itie

s by

wom

-en

be

supp

orte

d, a

long

side

tho

se o

f m

en.

• Tr

ain

wom

en,

as w

ell

as m

en,

in h

azar

d-re

silie

nt c

onst

ruct

ion

and

envi

ronm

enta

l m

anag

emen

t te

chni

ques

ac

coun

ting

fo

r th

eir

diff

eren

t tim

e co

nstr

aint

s, w

orkl

oads

, ed

ucat

ion

leve

ls a

nd

pref

eren

ces.

• Ass

ess

the

gend

er-s

ensi

tivi

ty o

f pr

opos

ed c

hang

es t

o, o

r de

vel-

opm

ent

of la

nd u

se p

lans

, en

viro

nmen

tal l

egis

lation

and

bui

ld-

ing

code

s.

• Ta

ke g

ende

r risk

pro

files

int

o ac

coun

t in

DRM

act

ivity

desi

gn,

e.g.

the

hig

h-risk

nat

ure

of s

ome

resc

ue m

etho

ds a

nd s

afer

al-

tern

ativ

es, m

ay n

eed

to b

e em

phas

ized

with

men

, w

hile

wom

en

may

nee

d gu

idan

ce o

n sa

fe e

vacu

atio

n of

dis

able

d/ o

lder

fam

ily

mem

bers

.•

Ensu

re d

esig

n/te

stin

g of

ear

ly w

arni

ng s

yste

ms

incl

udes

bot

h m

en a

nd w

omen

fro

m a

ll pa

rts

of c

omm

unity

to a

ccur

atel

y de

term

ine

info

rmat

ion

diss

emin

atio

n/ t

imin

g/m

obili

ty s

uppo

rt

need

s.•

Put in

pla

ce tar

gets

/quo

tas

for ba

lanc

ed rep

rese

ntat

ion

of w

om-

en a

nd m

en f

rom

div

erse

gro

ups

in d

isas

ter

resp

onse

tea

ms

and

DRM

dec

isio

n-m

akin

g bo

dies

/com

mitte

es.

• En

sure

the

equ

itab

le p

artici

pation

of

men

and

wom

en f

rom

di-

vers

e gr

oups

in t

hese

act

ivitie

s (d

escr

ibed

und

er L

ivel

ihoo

ds).

• Te

mpo

rarily

re

depl

oy

gend

er-

and

dive

rsity-

bala

nced

te

am

com

mun

ity

faci

litat

ors/

cons

ulta

nts

to

supp

ort

post

-dis

aste

r ne

eds

asse

ssm

ent

and

reco

very

pro

gram

min

g.•

Act

ivel

y pr

omot

e th

e pa

rtic

ipat

ion

of l

ocal

par

tner

s w

ith

ex-

perien

ce i

n w

orki

ng w

ith

wom

en/v

ulne

rabl

e an

d m

argi

naliz

ed

grou

ps.

• Pu

t in

pla

ce t

arge

ts/q

uota

s fo

r ge

nder

- an

d di

vers

ity-

bala

nced

pa

rtic

ipat

ion

in r

elie

f an

d re

cove

ry d

ecis

ion-

mak

ing

bodi

es.

• Id

entify

opp

ortu

nities

to

impr

ove

gend

er e

qual

ity

whe

n re

build

-in

g lo

cal g

over

nmen

t.

• Sup

port

ha

zard

-pro

ofing

/ret

rofit

ting

of

ke

y ‘li

felin

e’ fa

cilit

ies

(e.g

. ac

cess

roa

ds,

hosp

ital

s, s

choo

ls,

etc)

and

key

pub

lic a

s-se

ts (

e.g.

lan

d te

nure

rec

ords

) fr

om d

isas

ter/

clim

ate

chan

ge

impa

cts.

• Pr

ovid

e te

chni

cal/

finan

cial

ass

ista

nce

for

cons

truc

tion

of

haz-

ard-

resi

lient

inf

rast

ruct

ure;

avo

id c

onst

ruct

ion

of k

ey f

acili

ties

in

haz

ardo

us lo

cation

s, s

uch

as fl

oodp

lain

s.•

Str

engt

hen

loca

l cap

acity

in h

azar

d-re

silie

nt c

onst

ruct

ion.

•

Sup

port

act

ivitie

s to

lim

it t

he im

pact

of na

tura

l haz

ards

and

en-

viro

nmen

tal d

egra

dation

, e.

g. s

lope

sta

biliz

atio

n; r

efor

esta

tion

; se

awal

l/dy

ke c

onst

ruct

ion;

wat

er a

nd s

oil c

onse

rvat

ion;

etc

.•

Sup

port

co

mpl

emen

tary

ac

tivi

ties

to

ph

ysic

al

infr

astr

uctu

re

cons

truc

tion

, e.

g. p

ublic

hea

lth,

adu

lt e

duca

tion

, et

c.•

Adv

ocat

e an

d pr

ovid

e te

chni

cal

assi

stan

ce t

o go

vern

men

t to

de

velo

p/ i

mpl

emen

t la

nd u

se z

onin

g/pl

anni

ng,

envi

ronm

enta

l le

gisl

atio

n, a

nd h

azar

d-re

sist

ant

build

ing

code

s.

• Pr

ovid

e te

chni

cal a

nd fi

nanc

ial a

ssis

tanc

e to

loca

l gov

ernm

ents

an

d co

mm

unitie

s to

des

ign

and

impl

emen

t D

RM

and

CCA p

lans

an

d m

echa

nism

s.

• Cre

ate

oppo

rtun

itie

s fo

r th

e po

or a

nd v

ulne

rabl

e to

dev

elop

po-

litic

al c

apital

to

dem

and

acce

ss t

o D

RM

and

CCA i

nstr

umen

ts,

e.g.

thr

ough

pub

lic e

duca

tion

, CBD

RM

act

ivitie

s, p

artici

pation

in

loca

l dis

aste

r risk

man

agem

ent

bodi

es,

etc.

• Bui

ld c

apac

itie

s of

loc

al i

nstitu

tion

s to

coo

rdin

ate

effe

ctiv

ely

with

the

nation

al g

over

nmen

t to

mitig

ate

risk

s an

d fa

cilit

ate

coor

dina

ted

disa

ster

res

pons

e du

ring

tim

es o

f em

erge

ncy.

• Con

trib

ute

to r

esto

ration

of

publ

ic g

oods

and

ser

vice

s, w

ith

at-

tent

ion

to d

isas

ter

risk

red

uction

mea

sure

s.

• Pr

ovid

e te

chni

cal s

uppo

rt a

nd c

omm

unity

data

to

loca

l and

na-

tion

al g

over

nmen

ts t

o de

velo

p fr

amew

orks

for

pos

t-di

sast

er

entitlem

ents

/ass

ista

nce

and

shel

ter/

hou

sing

pol

icie

s th

at m

eet

the

need

s of

all

vuln

erab

le g

roup

s in

the

affec

ted

popu

lation

. •

Use

est

ablis

hed

com

mun

ity

deci

sion

-mak

ing

mec

hani

sms

and

inst

itut

ions

to

part

icip

ate

in d

eliv

ery

of r

elie

f/re

cove

ry a

ssis

-ta

nce,

i.e

. to

avo

id b

ypas

sing

loc

al g

roup

s/in

stitut

ions

in

the

urge

ncy

to r

espo

nd a

nd h

arne

ss w

ell-

test

ed p

artici

pato

ry c

om-

mun

ity

enga

gem

ent

and

mon

itor

ing

met

hodo

logi

es.

• Con

trib

ute

to r

esto

ration

of lo

cal g

over

nmen

t ca

paci

ty.

Act

ion

Pro

ject

cyc

leP

hase

AN

NEX

2 C

DD

Pro

ject

Cyc

le E

ntr

y P

oin

ts f

or

Gen

der

-Sen

siti

ve D

RM

Soci

al P

rep

arat

ion

Pro

ject

Id

enti

fica

tion

, S

elec

tion

an

d P

lan

nin

g

Imp

lem

enta

tion

Mon

itori

ng

an

d

Eva

luat

ion

• Soc

ial I

nves

tiga-

tion

and

Ass

ess-

men

t•

Part

icip

ator

y Situ

a-tio

n Ana

lysi

s•

Soc

ial M

obili

zatio

n an

d Com

mun

ity

Org

aniz

ing

• Com

mun

ity O

rien

-ta

tion/

Com

mun

i-ca

tion

Act

iviti

es

• Set

ting

Sub

-Pr

ojec

t Sel

ectio

n Crite

ria/

Proc

ess

• Pr

opos

al D

evel

op-

men

t

• Sub

-pro

ject

Im

ple-

men

tatio

n M

an-

agem

ent

• Pa

rtic

ipat

ory

M&

E

• Pa

rtic

ipat

ory

Com

mun

ity H

azar

d M

appi

ng

• Vu

lner

abili

ty

and

Cap

acity

Ass

essm

ent

• H

azar

d/ C

limat

e Ris

k Sce

nario

Dev

elop

men

t•

Educ

atio

n/

Adv

ocac

y on

DRM

/CCA

• In

clus

ion

of D

RM

/CCA in

Sub

-pro

ject

M

enu

• D

esig

n an

d App

rova

l of Sub

-Pr

ojec

ts

• Cap

acity

Bui

ldin

g an

d Tr

aini

ng•

Com

mun

ity

Man

aged

Im

plem

enta

tion

• D

esig

n an

d im

ple-

men

tatio

n of

DRM

an

d CCA p

erfo

r-m

ance

indi

cato

rs

• Fu

lly c

onsu

lt m

en a

nd w

omen

, bot

h se

para

tely

and

tog

ethe

r, in

the

dev

elop

men

t of

com

mun

ity

leve

l haz

ard

map

s an

d vu

lner

abili

ty a

nd c

apac

ity

profi

les.

• Ta

ke g

ende

r di

ffer

ence

s in

liter

acy,

mob

ility

and

acc

ess

to p

ublic

ven

ues,

pro

-du

ctiv

e/do

mes

tic

labo

r sc

hedu

les

and

pref

eren

ces

into

acc

ount

in d

esig

n of

par

-tici

pato

ry p

lann

ing/

cons

ulta

tion

/soc

ial m

obili

zation

act

ivitie

s.•

Con

duct

a s

elf-

stan

ding

gen

der

anal

ysis

: Id

entify

wom

en’s

and

men

’s p

rodu

c-tive

/fam

ily c

are

role

s an

d ac

cess

to/

cont

rol ov

er r

esou

rces

and

ben

efits

withi

n pa

rtic

ipat

ing

hous

ehol

ds a

nd c

omm

unitie

s an

d ho

w the

se i

nflue

nce

risk

, vul

ner-

abili

ty a

nd t

he a

bilit

y to

par

tici

pate

in p

roje

ct d

ecis

ion-

mak

ing

and

bene

fits.

• Ex

plor

e st

ruct

ures

bey

ond

the

com

mun

ity

that

aff

ect

gend

er e

qual

ity

and

how

th

ey m

ay b

e in

fluen

ced

by t

he p

roje

ct.

• Pr

omot

e eq

ual pa

rtic

ipat

ion

of w

omen

in

deci

sion

-mak

ing

at a

ll le

vels

: se

t ta

r-ge

ts/q

uota

s fo

r ba

lanc

ed m

ale/

fem

ale

repr

esen

tation

on

DRM

-rel

ated

tea

ms

and

bodi

es a

nd f

or c

omm

unity

faci

litat

ors/

cons

ulta

nts.

• Tr

ain

and

coac

h/m

ento

r w

omen

to

build

con

fiden

ce a

nd b

e ab

le t

o fu

lly p

artici

-pa

te in

the

se b

odie

s.

• Bui

ld g

ende

r aw

aren

ess

amon

g pr

ojec

t st

aff/

part

ners

; pr

ovid

e ge

nder

ana

lysi

s tr

aini

ng t

o st

aff

at a

ll le

vels

.•

Wor

k w

ith

and

stre

ngth

en e

xist

ing

loca

l or

gani

zation

s th

at r

epre

sent

wom

en

and

dive

rse

grou

ps in

ord

er to

enco

urag

e br

oad

com

mun

ity

part

icip

atio

n in

DRM

an

d CCA.

• D

evel

op a

dis

aste

r pr

epar

edne

ss p

lan

for

the

proj

ect

that

spe

cifie

s ex

pedi

ted

deci

sion

-mak

ing,

com

mun

ity

faci

litat

ion,

pro

cure

men

t, fi

nanc

ial ad

min

istr

atio

n an

d ot

her

proc

edur

es.

• D

esig

n co

mm

unic

atio

n st

rate

gies

to

resp

ond

to m

en’s

/wom

en’s

diff

eren

t w

ork-

load

s, tim

ing

cons

trai

nts,

ed

ucat

iona

l le

vels

an

d pr

efer

red/

mos

t ac

cess

ible

m

etho

ds o

f co

mm

unic

atio

n.•

Inco

rpor

ate

gend

er e

qual

ity

cons

ider

atio

ns i

nto

all

DRM

and

CCA c

omm

unic

a-tion

s ev

ents

and

mat

eria

ls (

e.g.

orien

tation

vid

eos,

bro

chur

es,

thea

tre

play

s,

soci

al m

edia

, et

c).

• D

evel

op c

hapt

er o

n D

RM

and

CCA in

oper

atio

ns m

anua

l an

d sp

ecify

how

DRM

an

d CCA g

ende

r co

nsid

erat

ions

will

be

addr

esse

d w

ithi

n it.

• Req

uire

gen

der-

diff

eren

tiat

ed d

isas

ter

and

clim

ate

chan

ge r

isk

anal

ysis

for

al

l su

b-pr

ojec

ts a

nd r

equi

re t

hat

som

e su

b-pr

ojec

ts i

dent

ified

as

wom

en b

y su

ppor

ted,

alo

ngsi

de t

hose

of

men

.•

Prov

ide

gend

er e

xper

tise

to

supp

ort de

velo

pmen

t an

d ap

prai

sal o

f DRM

and

CCA

sub-

proj

ects

.

• En

sure

tha

t w

omen

’s a

nd m

en’s

par

ticul

ar n

eeds

are

add

ress

ed e

qual

ly in

DRM

/CCA in

itiat

ives

.•

Des

ign

capa

city

de

velo

pmen

t st

rate

gies

to

re

spon

d to

m

en’s

an

d w

omen

’s

differ

ent w

orkl

oads

, tim

ing

cons

trai

nts,

edu

catio

nal l

evel

s an

d pr

efer

red/

acce

ssib

le

com

mun

icat

ion

met

hods

.•

Inco

rpor

ate

gend

er e

qual

ity c

onsi

dera

tions

into

all

DRM

and

CCA tr

aini

ng m

ater

ials

.

• D

evel

op

gend

er-s

ensi

tive

ou

tcom

e in

dica

tors

an

d in

clud

e th

em

in

resu

lts

fram

ewor

k.•

Dis

aggr

egat

e da

ta a

nd a

naly

sis

by g

ende

r an

d ag

e in

pro

ject

rep

orting

and

ev

alua

tion

s.

En

try

Po

int

Act

ion

G U I D A N C E N O T E S o n G E N D E R a n dD i s a s t e r R i s k M a n a g e m e n t 6

THE WORLD BANK

©2012 The World Bank

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

The World Bank Group 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA

October 2012

CONTACTS

Helene Carlsson Rex, Senior Social Development Specialist (hcarlsson@worldbank.org)Zoe Trohanis, Senior Infrastructure Specialist (ztrohanis@worldbank.org)East Asia and Pacific Disaster Risk Management Team (eapdrm@worldbank.org) East Asia and the Pacific Region (www.worldbank.org/eap)

Disclaimer: This report is a product of the staff of the World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent, or those of the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID).

Acknowledgement: The team wishes to acknowledge the generous support from the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) provided through the World Bank East Asia and Pacific Infrastructure for Growth Trust Fund (EAAIG) which enabled the technical work to take place.