Gen dx sar

General Diagnosis - SAR

© 2010 Irene Gold Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved

© 2010 Irene Gold Assoc, Inc. All Rights Reserved

SAR – General Dx 2

1. Cullen’s sign is an indication of which of the following? A. Acute appendicitisB. Hemorrhagic pancreatitisC. Ectopic pregnancyD. Portal hypertension

2. Following the symptoms of the flu, the patient develops a cough. Examination of the chest indicates an increase in tactile fremitus and dullness to percussion. Which of the following is most likely to produce this finding? A. PneumoniaB. Pulmonary edemaC. BronchitisD. Bronchiectasis



3. Bronchiectasis is a chronic disease of the chest caused by chronic bronchitis and is characterized by excessive sputum production and ____. A. StridorB. WheezingC. RhonchiD. Chest pain

4. Evaluation of the lung reveals that the bronchi appear to be healthy, but the alveoli are destroyed. Which condition is this likely to be?? A. AtelectasisB. AsthmaC. BronchitisD. Emphysema



5. When performing an abdominal exam what is evaluated after visualization? A. AuscultationB. PercussionC. Light palpationD. Deep palpation

6. What is the normal percussive note heard over the majority of the abdomen?

A. DullB. ResonantC. TympanicD. Flat



7. Distant breath sounds and intermittent wheezes are associated with____.

A. SarcoidosisB. TuberculosisC. Chronic obstructive

pulmonary diseaseD. Bronchiectasis

8. When evaluating a patient for hypercholesterolemia, which of the following parts of a lipid profile will have the highest number? A. VLDLB. HDLC. LDLD. IDL



9. A 65 year old male presents with low back pain and fatigue. One month ago he had a prostate exam and everything was normal. What is this most likely to be?

A. Early prostate cancerB. Multiple myelomaC. Paget’s diseaseD. Hodgkin’s disease

10. Digital examination of the prostate indicates an enlarged, firm, symmetrical, elastic prostate gland. Which of the following is confirmed? A. Chronic prostatitisB. Acute prostatitisC. Benign prostatic hypertrophyD. Prostate cancer



11. Fever, chills, tenderness and bogginess of the prostate gland all occur with____. A. Chronic prostatitisB. Acute prostatitisC. Benign prostatic hypertrophyD. Prostate cancer

12. Indirect or unconjugated bilirubin in the blood stream is an indication of_____. A. Biliary duct obstructionB. CholecystitisC. Pancreatic cancerD. Hemolysis



13. Which of the following laboratory tests is an indication of kidney malfunction?

A. Alkaline phosphataseB. Acid phosphataseC. ASTD. Creatinine

14. Which of the following findings on an electrocardiogram will be present if the patient has an atrioventricular block? A. Increased PR intervalB. Two P waves presentC. Inverted ST segmentD. Absent QRS complex



15. If the foreskin of the penis does not replace itself after being retracted, what condition is evident? A. Molluscum contagiosumB. PhimosisC. ParaphimosisD. Herniation

16. An 8 month old male has a hard painless nodule in the scrotum that does not transilluminate. What condition is suspected? A. HerniaB. HydroceleC. CancerD. Varicocele



17. Which of the following laboratory tests should be performed if the kidney punch test is positive? A. CBCB. IVPC. ElectrolytesD. Specific gravity

18. Which of the following conditions exhibits tortuous veins in the scrotum? A. HydroceleB. VaricoceleC. Direct herniaD. Testicular cancer



19. Anisocoria is a term used to describe a pupil that ____. A. Does not respond to lightB. Larger than normal sizeC. Has many colorsD. Is irregular in shape

20. Cheilosis and magenta tongue are found in which of the following vitamin deficiencies? A. Vitamin B1B. Vitamin B2C. Vitamin B12D. Folic acid



21. Which of the following vitamins should be administered to a patient with Wernicke’s encephalopathy? A. ThiamineB. RiboflavinC. NiacinD. Pyridoxine

22. The patient presents with proximal muscle weakness especially in the pelvic region, but no cranial nerve involvement. This is condition has a high presentation in patients with cancer and is called_____. A. Myasthenia gravisB. Lambert Eaton syndromeC. Becker’s DystrophyD. Charcot Marie Tooth disease



23. While listening to the heart you note a heart murmur at the fifth intercostal space next to the sternum. The murmur is heard in systole. This indicates which of the following? A. Mitral stenosisB. Tricuspid stenosisC. Mitral regurgitationD. Tricuspid regurgitation

24. Which of the following supplements should be ordered to promote regeneration of a nerve?

A. Vitamin AB. Selenium

C. Vitamin CD. Vitamin B-12



25. Which of the following supplements is considered to be the glucose tolerance factor? A. SeleniumB. ChromiumC. FolateD. Cyanocobalamin

26. Which of the following laboratory examinations is taken to evaluate the pancreas? A. Amylase and lipaseB. Triglycerides and CholesterolC. Calcium and phosphorusD. Lipid profile and cardiac profile



27. Which area of the body should be investigated if the patient has an unusually high glucose tolerance test? A. SpleenB. Adrenal glandsC. PancreasD. Kidneys

28. Bronze discoloration of the skin and hypotension are characteristically found in _____. A. Cushing diseaseB. Graves diseaseC. Gaucher’s diseaseD. Addison’s disease



29. Hemochromatosis will produce which of the following skin changes? A. Grey Turner signB. Bronzing of the skinC. Atopic dermatitisD. Kaposi’s sarcoma

30. Goodpasture’s disease involves which of the following? A. Patient coughing up blood and kidney dysfunctionB. Lung and heart involvementC. Kidney dysfunction and heart murmurD. Intolerance to milk and cheese



31. A 6 year old girl has white blood cell casts in the urine. What is suspected? A. CystitisB. GlomerulonephritisC. PyelonephritisD. Nephrosis

32. Deep slow breathing referred to a Kussmaul’s breathing is most commonly associated with ____. A. Metabolic alkalosisB. Metabolic acidosisC. Respiratory acidosisD. Respiratory alkalosis



33. Evaluation of a patient indicates an increase in ketones in the blood and urine. All other laboratory tests are negative. This finding indicates ____. A. Diabetes mellitusB. Adrenal malfunctionC. NephrosisD. Starvation

34. A bluish discoloration of the vagina seen in the early stages of pregnancy is called___. A. Piscacek’s signB. Chadwick’s signC. Hegar’s signD. Goodell’s sign



35. Evaluation of the eye indicates a fuzzy margin around the optic disc. This indicates____. A. Detached retinaB. Macular degenerationC. GlaucomaD. Papilledema

36. When performing a direct light reflex on the right eye you note that the right pupil constricts, but the left one does not. The indirect light reflex finding will confirm a lesion of ____. A. CN II on the rightB. CN III on the rightC. CN II on the leftD. CN III on the left



37. What is the most common cause of a hearing loss in children? A. Otitis externaB. Otitis mediaC. LabyrinthitisD. Otosclerosis

38. Drop attacks are associated with a ____ lesion. A. Brain stemB. CardiacC. MusculoskeletalD. Cerebellar



39. Untreated otitis media will most commonly lead to which of the following? A. MastoiditisB. Tympanic membrane ruptureC. Permanent hearing lossD. Ringing in the ears

40. Systolic hypertension is indicated by a measurement of which of the following? A. Stroke volumeB. Aortic valve pressureC. Aortic complianceD. Venous pressure



41. Which of the following will present with pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen? A. Renal artery aneurysmB. Iliac artery aneurysmC. Aortic aneurysm

42. The of the PMI is ___ and the sounds are heard at the ____. A. Point where Left Ventricular

impulse is felt most strongly; Mitral valve

B. Point where Left Atrial impulse is felt most strongly; Mitral valve

C. Point where Left Ventricular impulse is felt most strongly; Tricuspid valve

D. Point where Right Ventricular impulse is felt most strongly; Tricuspid valve



43. Which of the following is indicated by pain the calf after walking that is relieved by rest in a short time? A. Deep vein thrombophlebitisB. Achilles tendon ruptureC. Muscle spasmsD. Disc lesions

44. Which of the following is not a finding in congestive heart failure? A. Pulmonary edemaB. Jugular venous distention C. HepatomegalyD. Bounding pulses



45. Which of the following conditions presents with difficulty swallowing, stiffness in the skin of the hands, dilation of blood vessels on the skin and discoloration of the hands in cold weather? A. OsteoarthritisB. Systemic sclerosisC. Aortic arch aneurysmD. Anklylosing spondylitis

46. A six year old presents with a fever, sore throat, rash on the skin and a strawberry colored tongue. Which condition is described? A. Scarlet feverB. RubeolaC. RubellaD. Varicella



47. The patient reports a respiratory infection two weeks ago. Today he complains about flank pain. Which condition should be investigated? A. Polycystic kidney diseaseB. NephrosisC. GlomerulonephritisD. Kidney stones

48. An elevation of human chorionicgonadotropin in the serum and urine is most diagnostic of which of the following? A. Ovarian cystB. Brenner tumorC. Hydatidiform moleD. Ovarian dermoid cyst



49. Invagination of the intestine into the inguinal canal and then into the scrotum is termed a/an ___ hernia. A. DirectB. IndirectC. FemoralD. Spigellian

50. Acquiring a history of the present illness is found in which part of the case history? A. Family historyB. Environmental historyC. Chief complaintD. Review of systems



51. In order to properly absorb iron, the body needs an ample amount of ___. A. Vitamin B6B. Vitamin CC. Vitamin DD. Vitamin B12

52. H. Pylori is a bacterium in the body that is thought to be responsible for which of the following? A. Food poisoningB. Chronic gastritisC. Erosive gastritisD. Pernicious anemia



53. An asthmatic will present with which of the following increases in the body? A. Mast cellsB. MacrophagesC. MonocytesD. Neutrophils

54. Fundoscopic examination of the eyes reveals bilateral papilledema. Which of thefollowing symptoms is most apt to accompany this finding in the early stages of the disease? A. Blurred visionB. No visual lossC. Central visual lossD. Double vision



55. Which of the following is the most common cause for hearing loss in a child? A. SwimmingB. Impacted cerumenC. Recurrent ear infectionsD. Mastoiditis

56. Physical examination of a male indicates hyperresonance of one lung upon percussionand decreased tactile fremitus. Which of the following is probably the cause? A. EmphysemaB. AsthmaC. BronchitisD. Pneumonia



57. Rhonchi are a characteristic finding in which of the following conditions? A. PneumoniaB. BronchitisC. EmphysemaD. Pneumothorax

58. Which of the following is not a normal finding? A. Raised right diaphragmB. Raised right HilumC. Raised left HilumD. Raised left diaphragm



59. Which of the following heart sounds are best heard at the base of the heart? A. Aortic and mitralB. Pulmonic and tricuspidC. Aortic and pulmonicD. Mitral and tricuspid

60. Which of the following heart murmurs is best heard in diastole? A. Mitral regurgitationB. Pulmonic stenosisC. Tricuspid regurgitationD. Aortic regurgitation



61. Which of the following best describes the location of the coronary artery? A. Anterior inferiorB. Inferior lateralC. Anterior lateralD. Superior lateral

62. Which of the following is the best diagnosis when an enlarged ST segment is noted on an EKG study? A. AV nodal delayB. Heart blockC. Acute Heart FailureD. Weinkbock’s phenomenon



63. The patient presents with pupillary constriction, anhydrosis and ptosis. Which diagnosis should be investigated? A. Cluster headachesB. Sympathetic phenomenonC. Pancoast tumorD. Vasomotor disorder

64. Which of the following is not associated with congestive heart failure? A. Jugular venous distentionB. AscitesC. HepatomegalyD. Splenomegaly



65. Splinter hemorrhages are characteristically seen in those with ____. A. Iron deficiency anemiaB. AnoxiaC. Subacute bacterial endocarditisD. Acute severe illness

66. If there is an increase in the PR interval as noted on an EKG study, which of the following is the best diagnosis? A. Myocardial infarctionB. Heart blockC. AV nodal delayD. Weinkbock’s phenomenon



67. Which of the following findings is suggested when there is an atrioventricular block noted on an EKG study? A. Increased PR intervalB. Two P waves presentC. Inverted ST segmentD. Absent QRS complex

68. Performing a shifting dullness test is most appropriate to determine ____. A. AppendicitisB. AscitesC. Pernicious anemiaD. Intraperitonal bleeding



69. What is the correct position to perform puddle sign? A. Supine with knees bentB. Lateral recumbent positionC. On hands and kneesD. Prone

70. Which of the following nutrients is deficient in a patient with megaloblastic anemia? A. FolateB. IronC. B6D. B1



71. The patient presents with abdominal pain with referral to the right shoulder. Which of the following is the best advice to give to the patient at this time? A. Decrease intake of fatty foodB. Send to the emergency roomC. Decrease refined carbohydratesD. Begin taking digestive enzymes with meals

72. Frank red blood in the stool is likely an indication of ___. A. HemorrhoidsB. Ulcerative colitisC. Regional ileitisD. Duodenal ulcer



73. Which of the following has been implicated as a direct cause of bladder cancer? A. Urethral constrictionB. SmokingC. Drug useD. Frequent venereal infections

74. While performing a physical examination the patient reports knife like pain beginning in the spine at the level of T8 and traveling along the course of the rib toward the anterior body midline. This condition is likely ___ and is preceded by ____. A. Herpes simplex; VaricellaB. Herpes zoster; VaricellaC. Herpes simplex; RubeolaD. Herpes zoster; Rubeola



75. Which of the following organisms is most commonly responsible for glomerulonephritis? A. Streptococcus pyogenesB. Escherichia coliC. Staphylococcus aureusD. Chlamydia trachomatis

76. Which of the following lesions found in the scrotum will transilluminate? A. Testicular cancerB. Direct inguinal herniaC. VaricoceleD. Hydrocele



77. Which of the following body substances found in the urine is responsible for the production of brown urine and an increase in specific gravity? A. AlbuminB. UrobilinogenC. CreatinineD. Creatine

78. A 58 year old male presents with leg pain, hearing loss and headaches. Examination reveals one leg is larger than the other. Laboratory work indicates an increase in alkaline phosphatase. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. HyperparathyroidismB. ElephantiasisC. Osteitis deformansD. Brain tumor



79. The patient presents with fatigue, back pain, depression, muscle weakness, nausea and bone pain. Radiological findings include metaphyseal widening, hair on end appearance and Rugger jersey spine. Laboratory results indicate an increase in serum calcium and a decrease in serum phosphorus. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Mediterranean anemiaB. Cushing’s diseaseC. Sickle cell anemiaD. Hyperparathyroidism



80. A 34 year old female presents with a recent increase in weight with truncal obesity. She reports that recently she has noted stretch marks on her abdomen, fatigue and mood changes. Which of the following conditions is suggested by these findings? A. HypothyroidismB. PregnancyC. Addison’s diseaseD. Cushing’s disease

81. Which of the following conditions is produced by a deficiency of B vitamins that leads to dementia is generally seen in patients with long standing alcohol abuse? A. Beri BeriB. PellagraC. Wernicke’s diseaseD. Posterolateral sclerosis

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