GEF Focal Area & Cross Cutting Strategies Climate Change Mitigation [email protected] GEF...
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Transcript of GEF Focal Area & Cross Cutting Strategies Climate Change Mitigation [email protected] GEF...
GEF Focal Area & Cross Cutting Strategies
Climate Change Mitigation
GEF Expanded Constituency Workshop
Central Africa Constituency
15-17 February, 2011Hotel Memling, Kinshasa, DRC
2
Can we avoid Climate Change?
NO
Can we reduce Climate Change?
YES
The International Context encourages climate change mitigation activities
• The Cancun COP 16 confirms the target of maintaining global warming below 2°C
• Each country to develop National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)
• The price of conventional energy is high & will continue to rise
• Role of deforestation understood & accepted
18%
1%
8%
14%
59%
World Greenhouse Gas Emissions
CH4
N2OF Gas
CO2
From Combustion
CO2
From LUCF
64%
0%
11%
20% 5%
Mainstreaming CCRM into UNDP Core Activities- RBA RR Cluster Meeting
Greenhouse gas emissions in Sub-Sahara countries
CH4
N2O
F Gas
CO2
CO2
From LUCF
Source: IPCC AR4, Synthesis Report (shares are for 2004)
All sectors & regions have the potential to contribute
Note: estimates don’t include non-technical options such as lifestyle changes
1
2
3
4
Trend in Green House Gases
Low Carbon Path
Behavior & Waste
EfficiencyRenewable Energy
REDD & Sequestration
The goal of GEF Climate Change Mitigation is to support countries toward
a low-carbon development path
• Promote low-carbon technologies• Promote energy efficiency• Promote renewable energy• Low-carbon urban transport• Sustainable management land-use
change, & forestry (LULUCF)• Enabling Activities & Capacity Building
GEF 5 promotes low-carbon technologies
1.Technologies demonstrated, deployed & transferred
2. Enabling policy environment and mechanisms
Prevision $300 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
GEF 5 promotes energy efficiency
1. Policy, legal and regulatory frameworks
2. Sustainable financing mechanisms
Prevision $260 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
GEF 5 promotes renewable energy
1. Policy and regulatory frameworks
2. Increased investment in RE technologies
Prevision $320 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
GEF 5 promotes sustainable urban transport
1. Legal and regulatory frameworks
2. Increased investment in sustainable transport
Prevision $250 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
GEF 5 promotes the Conservation & enhancement of carbon stocks through
LULUCF
1. Good management practices in LULUCF
2. Restoration and enhancement of carbon stocks in forests and non-forest lands (peatlands)
Prevision $50 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
GEF 5 supports enabling activities & capacity building
1. National Communications and Other Obligations under the UNFCCC
2. Countries can also receive support for vulnerability & adaptation assessments, capacity building, and technology needs assessments
Prevision $50 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
GEF CC Mitigation & Carbon Finance(i) capacity building to help create enabling legal & regulatory
environments;
(ii) support of programmatic carbon finance & other activities under the post-2012 climate regime;
(iii)demonstration of technical and financial viabilities of technologies;
(iv)partial risk guarantees and contingent financing for carbon finance projects; and
(v) co-financing of innovative projects, with credits to be retained in the recipient country for further project replication.
Features of GEF & CDMGEF CDM
Mandate Financial mechanism of UNFCCC
Market-based mechanism of KP
Objective To transform the markets toward less-carbon-intensive paths
To meet emissions targets for developed countries and provide finances resources and technology for developing countries
Strategy Barrier removal; long-term; catalytic
Project based; focusing on direct emissions reduction
Modality Upfront grant or concessional financing for agreed incremental costs
Payment on delivery of emissions reduction (to improve project revenue streams)
Project type
Preventive measures to reduce/avoid CO2; primarily RE, EE, and transport projects
End-of-pipe fixes to capture/decompose gases of high GWP (HFC, CH4); relatively few RE, EE, transport projects
M&V Ex ante estimate; weak traceability; self-reporting
Rigorous methodology; quantified, monitored, verified, and certified
What GEF has supported
GEF creates enabling legal, regulatory environment; CF supports specific projects.
GEF demonstrates technical and financial viability; CF replicates.
GEF provides partial risk guarantees; CF participates in project financing.
GEF provides funding from non-CC focal areas; CF project earns credits from reduced/avoided emissions.
What GEF has shied away from
o Creation and operation of DNAs
o CDM methodology development
o PIN/PDD development
o CDM project verification and certification
o (Co-)Financing projects that earn CERs
GEF & CDM: “Rule of Thumb” in the Past“Rule of Thumb” in the Past
Climate Change Mitigation under GEF 5
• Focal Area Allocation $1,360 million
• Under STAR $1,088 million
• Contribution to Sustainable
Forest Management $100 million.
As Climate Changes, Can We?
Kofi Annan, UN SGWednesday, November 8, 2006
A
Thank you for your kind attention [email protected]