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GE WIND 1.5 MW. Wind Turbines Continue to Grow Larger…Taller…More Productive.
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Transcript of GE WIND 1.5 MW. Wind Turbines Continue to Grow Larger…Taller…More Productive.
GE WIND 1.5 MW
Wind Turbines Continue to GrowLarger…Taller…More Productive
World Wide Growth
Plan Now for Coming yet Larger WTGs
A Typical Large Turbine has
Multiple Subsystems and Controls
Cost of Energy Trend
1979: 40 cents/kWh
• Increased Turbine Size
• R&D Advances
• Manufacturing Improvements
NSP 107 MW Lake Benton wind farm4 cents/kWh (unsubsidized)
2004: 3 - 5 cents/kWh
2000:4 - 6 cents/kWh
• Current Situation
– Wind viable at higherwind speed sites(Class 6 – avg. 15 mph @ 10m)
– Limited high wind sites
– Subsidies important
• New Focus Needed
– Shift to future industry needs
– Broaden range of competitive opportunities
– Eliminate the need for subsidies
Motivation for Low Wind Speed Technology R&D
2020
Wind Cost of Energy
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1990
CO
E (
¢/kW
h [c
onst
ant 2
000
$])
Low wind speed sites
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Bulk Power Competitive Price Band
High wind speed sites
Acquiring Wind Least-Cost: Size Matters
Assuming the same wind speed of 8.08 M/S, a large wind farm is more economical
Cost of Energy -- Large Windfarm v. Small
$0.059
$0.036
$0.00
$0.02
$0.04
$0.06
$0.08
3 MW 51 MW
Cos
t of e
lect
rici
ty
Source: AWEA
The NIMBY Equation:“What’s in it for me”
Perceived Project Benefits
Perceived Project Detriment≥ 1
Perceived Detriments:
• Visual Impacts
• Noise
• Health and Public Safety
• Environmental
• Neighborhood Character
Perceived Benefits:
• Reduced Electric Bills
• Jobs
• Community Pride (Sustainability)
• Environmental
• Educational Curriculum Benefit
Getting a Building permit:“You want to put up a what?”
• Obtaining a Building Permit depends on local, county, state and federal regulations. Some, all, or none of the following may apply:
– Town or county zoning regulations– State coastal regulations
• Within the coastal zone– State Dept. of Environmental Management regulations
• Wetlands, or landfills• Wildlife Areas
– Local Historic District regulations– State historic or cultural resource commissions
• Designated historic area• Areas with archeological significance• Designated viewshed area
– Federal Land or National Historic Register designation– State building and electrical codes
California Distributed Generation (DG) Wind
• Pros– Most Economical Renewable Technology– Self Generation Incentive Program (SGIP)
• Incentive of $1,500 per kW (I MW maximum)• Total Project Size Increased to 5 MW
– Net Metering Law (1 MW)– High Electric Rates– “Progressive” State– Desert Heating Effect – Turbine Power Coincides with Peak
• Cons– Limited Number of Large Loads in Windy Locations– Only 2 Utility-Scale DG Wind Turbines installed to date. – Incentive Funds Administered by Utilities. Conflict of Interest.– Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) or “Green Tags” not yet
actively traded. REC’s “monetize” Environmental Benefits.
Simplifying Wind Resource Simplifying Wind Resource Assessments Assessments
Wind Resource Assessment Tools Becoming More Sophisticated
Energy Usage vs Turbine Production
2005 Plant Energy Usage (3,044,784 kWh/Yr)
Average of 347 kW / 465 HP
Predicted Turbine Production(2,000,000 kWh/Yr)
Average of 217 kW / 290 HP
66% of Electricity provided by
turbine
The environmental equivalent of:
Taking 90 cars off the road
Or
Planting 1,900 trees
Desert Heating Effect
“Accounting” (15 minute monthly basis) treatment in utility tariff does not reflect the underling reality (economics/statistics).
Benefits of Peak System Summer Load Reduction from Wind Turbine will go to Ratepayers & Utility NOT Elementis Specialties.
Annual Energy Production Wind vs. SolarEqual Installed Cost Basis
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
$280,000 $325,000 $600,000
Installed Cost after Incentive
An
nu
al E
ne
rgy
P
rod
uc
tio
n(k
Wh
/yr)
WindTurbineSystemSolar PVSystem
Payback Comparison Wind vs. SolarEqual Energy Production Basis
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
32,607 81,517 326,070
Annual Energy Production (kWh)
Pay
bac
k
Wind Turbine System
Solar PV System
SolarPowerPark
Geo-thermal
Roof Top &Industrial PV
SolarPowerPark
WindPowerPark
SolarPowerPark
SolarPowerPark
WindPowerPark
WindPowerPark
San Diego County Could Provide Sites For Solar & Wind Power Parks,Where Environmental Assessment, Permits, Power Lines & Water are
Pre-arranged For All Solar Power Plant Developers
SolarPowerPark
The Iowa Stored Energy Plant (ISEP)
3 Proven Technologies3 Proven Technologies
1. Renewable wind energy
2. Aquifer storage of gas
3. Combustion turbine
CAES drive train (Dresser Rand)
Motor/Generator and Combustion
Turbine
---------
Motor/Generator and Compressor
Train
The Alabama CAES plant
CAES Plant at AEPCAES Plant at AEP
Alabama Electric
Cooperative
McIntosh Power Plant
Aerial View
Electric Power Substation at CAES
Power Plant
CAES Power Plant
Operation During Energy Storage or Compression PhaseWind Generation Used to Compress Air
No Extra Grid Power Used
TAW 7/18/2002
Power Flow
Air Flow
Local Wind Farm
Underground AquiferCompressed Air Storage
50 MW
50 MW
0 MW
San Diego Wind Resource
Wind HarvestVertical Axis Wind Turbines
George Wagner (415) 663-8565
Wind Harvest’s turbines located in Palm Springs.
Maintaining Turbine Performance Artificial Rain
Sky WindPower Dave Shepard - 619 265-
3434
Recycled Energy
In 2004 this plant generated more clean power than we estimate was produced by all of the solar collectors throughout the world
Recycled Energy• What is Recycled Energy?
– Distributed Generation– Recovering heat or pressure energy from a process
• Proven Technology. 9,900 megawatts in operation in US. Equivalent of 10 large nuclear plants. This is 10% of the potential predicted by the EPA
• Recycling waste energy could have produced about 20% of the US electricity in 2003. This would have displaced about 25% of the fuel that was used to generate electricity
WHY ARE WE NOT DOING THIS?
• Conventional central generation plants dump 2/3 of their energy into lakes, rivers and cooling towers while factories and commercial facilities burn more fuel to produce the heat just thrown away.
How did we get here?
• Unquestioned belief that central generation is optimal
• Protected from competition and rewarded by obsolete rules the power industry continues to ignore opportunities to recycle energy.
• “The power industry consistently made sub-optimal choices over the past three decades.”
WHAT CAN BE DONE?
“The best electric-only technology now converts more than 50 percent of the
fuel to power, but the industry’s average efficiency has not improved in
forty-three years. No other industry wastes two-thirds of its raw material;
no other industry has stagnant efficiency; no other industry gets less
productivity per unit output in 2004 than it did in 1904.”
Source: Tom Casten – Critical Thinking About Energy
Regulated Monopoly Utilities
Source: Tom Casten – Critical Thinking About Energy
Regulated Monopoly Utilities
Source: Tom Casten – Critical Thinking About Energy
Monopoly Efficiency Gap
• 5,242 generation plants were evaluated to compare plants built under monopoly protection vs Independent Power Producers to determine if optimal decisions had been made.
Central Generation vs Distributed GenerationRegulated Monopoly vs Private Sector
Recommended Actions
1. Comprehensive Reform – ERRATA (Energy Regulatory Reform and Tax Act)
2. National Fossil Fuel Efficiency Standard– Give an allowance for incremental fossil fuel.
Start with national average from last year– Force all generators to purchase adequate
allowances of shut them down.– Reduce the fossil fuel allowances each year.
Conclusion of Tom Casten and Brennan Downes Study
• The Distributed Generation Case saves $5 Trillion of capital investment
• Reduces power cost by 40%
• Cuts greenhouse gas emissions in half.
Do we need Mandatory Requirements from the Government?
Should government pass standards to make buildings earthquake-proof or should we just assume that the market will build them for the next earthquake
Obstacles to Change
• Entrenchment of the “Utility Regulatory Complex”
• Lack of understanding of the issues. This can seem overly complex but it is Economics 101
• Fringe Elements of the “Environmental Movement” with the Following Traits– Purists with Extreme/Inflexible Views– Anti-globalists, Anti-capitalists.
You get what you reward!
“The best electric-only technology now converts more than 50 percent of the
fuel to power, but the industry’s average efficiency has not improved in
forty-three years. No other industry wastes two-thirds of its raw material;
no other industry has stagnant efficiency; no other industry gets less
productivity per unit output in 2004 than it did in 1904.”
Source: Tom Casten – Critical Thinking About Energy
Regulated Monopoly Utilities
Source: Tom Casten – Critical Thinking About Energy
Monopoly Efficiency Gap