GCSE TYPE WRITING PAUL BAILEY - Springer978-1-349-10680-6/1.pdf · inconspicuous corrections...
Transcript of GCSE TYPE WRITING PAUL BAILEY - Springer978-1-349-10680-6/1.pdf · inconspicuous corrections...
GCSE TYPE WRITING
PAUL BAILEY
M MACMILLAN
© Paul and Margaret Bailey 1990
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made w1thout written perm1ssion.
No paragraph of th1s publicat1on may be reproduced, cop1ed or transmitted save with written permiSSIOn or 1n accordance with the prov1s1ons of the Copyright, Des1gns and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permrtting lim1ted copying 1ssued by the Copynght Licensing Agency, 33-4 Alfred Place, London WC I E 7DP.
Any person who does any unauthonsed act 1n relat1on to this publicat1on may be liable to cnm1nal prosecut1on and civil claims for damages.
F1rst published 1990
Published by MACMILLAN EDUCATION LTD Houndmills, Bas1ngstoke, Hampsh1re RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world
British Library Catalogu1ng in Publ1cat1on Data Bailey, Paul, /937 Dec. 29-
GCSE typewrit1ng. I. Typing - Questions & Answers - For schools I. Title 652.3'0076
ISBN 978-0-333-48682-5 ISBN 978-1-349-10680-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-10680-6
The names, addresses, telephone numbers etc. used in this book are fictitious. Any resemblance to actual occurrences is purely coincidental.
Acknowledgements We are grateful to Brother Industries (U.K.) Ltd and Mr J. Kelly of Johns and Brother for permission to reproduce the diagram on page viii and to Graham Drury of Bowden Dyble Hayes and Partners Ltd who supplied the artwork.
Preface iv
Check List v
Introduction viii
MODULES
Keyboarding 1
Speed and Accuracy 26
Paragraphs 35
Correction Signs 56
Letters 74
Addressing Envelopes 120
Abbreviations 126
Displays 132
Tabulations 142
Footnotes 180
Business Documents 188
Documents Connected with Meetings 209
Allocating Space 228
Reference 234
Ill
Using the Book
iv
GCSE Typewriting has been specifically written to cover all the GCSE syllabuses in Typewriting but it also covers the elementary and intermediate syllabuses of all public examining authorities such as the LCCI, Pitman and the RSA. It has been written on a modular basis and each module offers a coherent area of study. The particular features of the book are as follows .
• Comprehensive syllabus coverage. • In-depth treatment of subject content. • Modular approach. • Comprehensive teaching of all aspects of the syllabus - often with
alternative approaches. • Assignments which provide a basis for teachers and pupils to develop
course work assignments which are a feature of the new GCSE examinations.
• English Language development- the ability to compose at the typewriter and the ability to use a dictionary to correct spelling and grammatical errors in material.
• Activities which are designed to assist the learning process. • The book is self-teaching and encourages a guided discovery approach.
It is thus suitable for internal and external candidates taking public examinations.
Before starting to use this book when preparing for public examinations, obtain copies of the relevant syllabuses and regulations . Enquire if there are notes for the guidance of candidates - some authorities publish details of their particular requirements. Read through these documents and note those areas which need to be studied in this book.
Systematically work through the particular syllabus requirements until full syllabus coverage has been achieved . The order in which modules are undertaken to complete particular syllabus requirements will depend on individual requirements. The order in which they appear in this book is not intended to imply that they must be taken in this or any particular order, although it makes sense to complete the keyboarding module first . The modules are not intended to be of an even length - how big each one is depends on the nature of the subject content. It follows that no time limit is implied for the completion of individual modules. Obtain past papers from the relevant examining authority and use these for examination practice. Very often a study of past papers reveals a particular emphasis which is not always to be obtained from reading a syllabus.
ABBREVIATIONS
Standard
Manuscript
Measurements/fractions/money/time/weights
ACCENTS
ALLOCATION OF SPACE
Allocate space expressed in terms of a measurement or line-spacing for margins, illustrations and addresses
ASSIGNMENTS
For coursework assessment
BUSINESS DOCUMENTS
Agenda/Notice of Meeting/Minutes
Itineraries
Order/Invoice/Statement
Reports
CAPITALS
Closed and spaced
CARBON COPIES
Types and uses of carbon paper/notation
COMBINATION CHARACTERS
COMPOSE AND TYPE
Letters. notice of meeting and agenda, minutes and general material
CONTINUATION SHEETS
Letters/general work
CORRECTIONS
Use correcting materials or techniques to make inconspicuous corrections
CORRECTIONS SIGNS
Correction signs used in manuscript or typescript material
DESIGN TYPE
Forms for completion. advertisements/notices/posters, menus using appropriate layout
DICTIONARY USE
Use a dictionary to correct spelling errors and in the ·composition of original material
DISPLAY MATERIAL
Blocked
Centred
Justified
EDITING
Rearrangement of material
Correction of spelling errors
Expansion of common abbreviations
Correct errors of agreement and punctuat ion
ENUMERATION
Enumeration of paragraphs using letters. arabic or Roman numerals and decimal notation
LEAG
./
./
./
./
v
,/ ./ ./ ./
v
./
./
/
/
/
./
/
./
/ v
~ v v /
V'
MEG NEA
./ ./
./ ./ v v
./
/ ./
/ / ./
,/
/ /
/ / ./ ./
./ /
/
/ /
/ /
/
/ /
/ / ,/ v ~
./ ,/ v ./ ./ v v v
v v
SEG SEG RSA RSA
I II I II
./ ,j ./ ..; ,/ / / ./ v ./ ./ ./ .,/ ./ v v
/ v ./ v / /"
/ / ~
/ / ./ .v""
v V' / v
/ / ./ / ./ ./ ./ /
/ /
./' ./ / /'
/ / / /
/ / / /
/ / ./ v .("_ ,/ v /
,/ / / / ./ ./ v v ,/ ~ ,/ v v v v v
/ v / ~
v
vi
ENVELOPES
Envelope selection. Addressing envelopes with or without special instructions
ESTIMATE TYPESCRIPT
Estimate typescript per page
FOOTNOTES
In typescript and manuscript material
In tabulations
FORMS AND PRO-FORMAS
Completion of, from material supplied
Deletions on
HEADINGS
Main
Sub
Shoulder
Paragraph
Side or marginal
IDENTIFICATION AND CORRECTION
Of marked or unmarked errors including typographical, spelling, punctuation and agreement
INVITATIONS AND REPLIES TO FORMAL OCCASIONS
ITINERARIES
Meeting
Travel
KEYBOARD MASTERY
LEADER DOTS
Ensure consistency throughout a task using a currently accepted style of presentation
LETTERS
Business and private
Parts of letters
Single sheets
Continuation sheets
Carbon copies and routing
LINE-END DIVISION OF WORDS
MEETINGS
Documents connected with meetings - notice of a meeting, agenda, minutes
Notice and agenda for an AGM
MEMORANDA
A5 and A4 as appropriate
MONEY
In general material
On business documents
In tabular work
LEAG
v'
v .,/ ../
./ v
/ ./ v ./ /
./
,/
v ./
./
,/' ./ ,/ ./ ,/'
./
,/ v
v
./ ,/ ,/
MEG NEA
v"' ./
v v
/ ./' .,/ v
/ ./' ,/ v v .......... ,/' ,/' y ,/
/ v
/ ,/
./ v
/ ,/' ,/' v v .,/ ,/' v v ,/
v v
,/ ./
,/ ./
v' ,/ v ,/ v ./
SEG SEG RSA RSA
I II I II
/ ./ / V"
I/' v' .............
v" v / v v / v v
/ v .,/" ,/ ,/ / v V" / v ,/ .......... ,/ v / V" ./ v v"" ..........
,/ ,/' o/ /
,/ ,/ v ,/
/ ./ v /
/ ,/ ./ v"' v .,/ ./' v ./ .,/ v v v' ./' ./ v v v ./ ./ v v
v a/ v /
/ ./ ./ v
,/ / v v" ./ ,/ v ,/'
v ,/ ./' v
PAPER
Sizes and weights
Carbon paper and carbon film
PARAGRAPHS
Blocked
Indented
Hanging
Inset
Paragraph enumeration
POSTCARDS
PROBLEM SOLVING
Rearrangement, selection, modification, amendment and analysis of material
PUNCTUATION
Standard and open
Correction of punctuation errors
ROMAN NUMERALS
SPEED AND ACCURACY (OPTIONAL)
STATIONERY
Paper and envelope sizes and weights
Selection and efficient use of
SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR CHARACTERS
TABULATIONS
Unruled column work containing words or figures
With: horizontal ruling
horizontal and vertical ruling
leader dots
footnotes
Rearrangement of
Allocation of space within
Key LEAG: MEG: NEA:
London and East Anglian Group for GCSE Midland Examining Group Northern Examining Group
LEAG
/ ./
V"' / v v ../
V'"
v""
/
./
./ /
/
/ ,/
./ v v ./ v
RSA 1: Royal Society of Arts Typewriting Skills Stage I
MEG
/ V'
v / v v v
v
v ./ v
v v /
v v v
v v
RSA II: SEG 1: SEG II:
Royal Society of Arts Typewriting Skills Stage II Southern Examining Group Typewriting Skills Stage I Southern Examining Group Typewriting Skills Stage II
NEA
/ v
v"" v' v v v
v
v ./ v
v ./
/
v v
v
SEG SEG RSA RSA
I II I II
/ / v v v v v ,/
v v v v v v / v v' ../ V' y" v / v v v' v v v
/ / / v
/ v t/ v / v v v v v v v
/ ,/ / v
v v v v v v ,/ v ./ / v v
v v v v ./ v
/ / v ./ ,/ v v v ./ v v v
vii
viii
0 line Spacing Selector Choostyourhnespacmg 1, l'h.2
0 Typing Pitch Selector Set your typmg puch 10 lO charactcrs per mch (Plea) 12 12 characters per mch (Ehte) 15 15 characters per mch (M1cron)
0 MaiJ!in Release Key Rt~ your left and nght margms
Unelndent Key Indent tht hrst hne of a paragraph
0 Left MaiJ!in Key Set your icft margm
Right Margin Key Set )'0\1T nght margm
OlllbSetKey Set as many as 16 tabs across the page for typtng columns of mformat10n
Dccimalllab Set Key Very cOIIW:nttnt for typmg columns of fJgureswJthdttunals
C)llabClearKey Clear all tabs and ~cunal tabs
lmpactHKey Heavy unpact on the paper
QCodeKey Hold down and prns anothtr key for spec~al runcoons
OlllbKey M~ tht earner to tht: next tab or decimal tab stop
Paragraph Indent Key lncknt a whole paragraph
0 Shift Lock Key Press and conunuously type characters m uppucase
Gil Shift Key Hold down and type a character tn upper
CD Paper Insert Key ln~rt paper mto your typewnter automaucally
C9 Repeat Key Repeat any pressed key
Q) Half Backspace Key Very handy ror typing a character or word m a hm1ted space
G) Space Bar Mow: one space to the nght or hold the space bar down to keep on movmg to the nght
4& Auto Underline Key Undcrhnt a character or word
G) Bold Key Stress 1 ttrtam word or emphasu.c 1 certam "'P......,..
C9 Centering Key Type tnai head1ng or utle dead centre
Before attempting any of the modules in this text you should read this introduction and the operating manual supplied with your typewriter. The pace of technological change means that modern electronic typewriters are far removed from the manual machines which were found in many establishments just a few years ago. While the arrangement of the alphabet and numeric keys remains essentially the same, most of the control keys are different and vary considerably from machine to machine. While some electronic typewriters are fairly basic others are complex word processors. The diagrams show a typical modern electronic typewriter. Use your operating manual to learn the terms indicated.
THE VERSATILITY OF THE CE-500 KEYBOARD
brother.
Clll Right MaiJ!in Flush Key Align text so that 1t's nush wuh tht: nght margm
G Backspace Key - ... "*"bock,"' hold lh< bocbpo<e key down to ....... patedly to lh< lelt
~~~toS:'::f:~~!r the spted of bghtmng
fJ) Relocate Key Get back to where you ldtoff after makmg a correctiOn
f) Return Key Go 10 the ldt margm on the next hne
Paragraph Indent Clear Key Clear paragraph 1rxk:nts
0 Paper Up Key Move paptr up Also ~d for subscnpt
e Paper Down Key MoYe pr~ptr down Also used for supet5Cnpt
tJI Correction Key Correct a character or word m e1ther or two ways AUTOMATIC or MANUAL
Sizes
Quality
Quantities
TYPEWRITING PAPER
Typewriting paper is sold in many sizes, but the most common are: A4-210 x 297 mm-the size of this page A5-148 x 210 mm-half the size of A4
The page is called • Portrait- when the shorter side is put into the typewriter and looks like
this page. • Landscape- when it is put into the typewriter longest side first.
Typing paper is sold in grades according to its weight and the modern convention is to describe its weight in terms of grams per square metre or g/m2 for short. Good quality paper is often described as Bond paper and this weighs 70 g/m2 . Thin typing paper, often used when taking carbon copies, is called Bank paper and this weighs 45 g/m2 . Airmail paper is even thinner and weighs 35 g/m2 .
Typing paper is often sold in packs of 50-100 sheets but these are generally much more expensive in terms of cost per sheet than buying it by the ream. A ream of typing paper contains 500 sheets.
TYPEWRITING RIBBONS
You should consult your machine operating manual about the ribbons available for use on your typewriter and how to change them. A correctable film ribbon can be used in conjunction with a correcting tape (also known as a lift-off tape) to correct typing errors. If your machine is fitted with a multistrike carbon film ribbon typing errors will have to be corrected using a typing eraser or some cover-up material such as liquid paper or Tipp-Ex. If your machine is fitted with a fabric ribbon, usually nylon or cotton, typing errors will have to be corrected as for a multistrike carbon film ribbon.
MASTERING THE KEYBOARD
Before starting the Keyboarding Module use your machine operating manual to learn how to:
• switch on your typewriter; • set a suitable pitch- 10 pitch, 12 pitch or 15 pitch as appropriate; • set single, line and half or double line spacing as required; • insert a sheet of paper; • remove a sheet of paper; • set margins as required; • operate the carriage return or enter key; • clear and set the tabulator.
Always type using a backing sheet to protect the platen or roller on the typewriter. Backing sheets are commercially available and are often made of very thin card. If you do not have a commercially produced backing sheet use a sheet of good quality typing paper behind your top copy.
ix
Text for Typing
Posture
X
POSmON
If your position and posture are good, your typewriting will be better, and less tiring.
Place the text to be copied to the left or right of the typewriter, square in front of your eyes with the light full on it.
Adjust the height of your typing chair so that your feet are flat on the ground and sit, leaning slightly forwards, one hand span away from the keyboard behind the [i] and lliJ keys.
Hands Your fingers should be bent over the home keys.
LEFT HAND RIGHT HAND
The little finger of the left hand should be over the 0key, the third finger over the ~key, the second finger over the@] key and the first finger over the [!]key. The little finger of the right hand should be over the [Jkey, the third finger over the [!]key, the second finger over the[!] key and the first finger over the DJkey.
Use either thumb to tap the I space barl. Do not rest your hands or wrists on the typewriter or desk- the palms of your hands should be clear of the keyboard as you type and there should be a minimum of movement of the wrists and arms.
Use single line spacing for the exercises in the keyboarding module and use your machine in ragged margin mode - even if it has a right margin justify capability (see your machine operating manual). Copy each line exactly as it is given two or three times, depending on how difficult it appears to you. If you make a mistake do not attempt to correct it and concentrate instead on your typewriting technique. Initially it is not what you type but how you type it. When the reach keys are introduced, look at the reach and practise it until it is comfortable before attempting to type the text. Press theiRETURNioriENTERikey twice after each new line of text to leave a blank line between it and what follows. How long you spend on the alphabet section of the keyboarding module will depend on you. Some individuals can cover it in four hours while others need as many as eight.
TURN UP 7 SINGLE LINES BEFORE STARTING TO TYPE ALL EXERCISES IN THE KEYBOARDING MODULE
When you have finished using the typewriter, make sure that it is switched off and the plug is pulled out before covering the machine.
xi
R
i ~ 0
~ t-1 xii
TYPE SIZES
The three main sizes of type faces in typewriters and printers are measured by pitch:
10 pitch produces 10 characters every 25mm (or inch) : in older machines this is called Pica type
12 pitch produces 12 characters every 25mm: "Elite" on older machines.
15 pitch produces 15 characters every 25mm.
With each pitch there is a range of type styles. On word processors the various styles of typeface are called fonts. On a typewriter you have to change the printing head, often a daisywheel, to change the type style.
LINE SPACING
Most electronic machines produce 6 lines of text to every 25 mm (1 inch down a page):
Single line spacing
This is an example of text typed in single line spacing.
Double line spacing
This is an
example of
text typed
in double
line
spacing.