1

NAME:

GCSE PE

TOPIC 1.2.3

• Parts and function of the respiratory system

• How the respiratory system works

• Short and long term effects of exercise on

the respiratory system

TARGET GRADE: CURRENT GRADE:

2

BOOKLET OBJECTIVES

• Develop knowledge and understanding of the structure

of the respiratory system.

• Understand how the lungs inhale and exhale.

• Understand where and how gaseous exchange occurs.

• Develop knowledge and understanding of how exercise

effects our respiratory system, both in the short and

long term.

• Learn in detail about the two types of respiration that

create energy within the human body, AEROBIC and

ANAEROBIC.

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Parts and Function of the Respiratory System

Function: Label the diagram below of the respiratory system:

Lesson 1

4

IMPORTANT Parts of the Respiratory System

Air Passages

Muscles

Alveoli

Lesson 1

5

The Path of Oxygen entering the Body

Complete the sentences below using the words from the box above:

1) Oxygen enters the body through the ___________ and

__________.

2) When oxygen goes in through the nose, it passes through the

nasal cavity where __________ and small __________ help

stop dirt and pollen in the air from entering the body.

3) Oxygen then passes through the ___________ and then down

the ____________ in the lungs.

4) Oxygen then enters both the left and right lungs through two

_____________.

5) These Bronchi then splint into much smaller _______________

which transports the oxygen to the ______________. This is where oxygen is passed into the blood stream and carbon dioxide is taken out.

WHAT PATH DOES CARBON DIOXIDE FOLLOW WHEN LEAVING THE BODY?

Mouth Trachea Alveoli Nose

Mucus Hairs Larynx

Bronchi Bronchioles

Lesson 1

6

Exam Style Questions

1) What is the function of the respiratory system?

2) Where does gaseous exchange take place within the respiratory system?

3) How does the human nose help the respiratory system?

4a) Name the two muscles which play a vital role within the respiratory system?

b) What do they help with?

5) Using the diagram on page 4 list the route oxygen will take to before entering the blood

stream?

Lesson 1

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HOMEWORK

In your own words, explain the path oxygen takes when entering the body

and the path carbon dioxide takes when it leaves?

Lesson 1

Feedback / Next Step Advice:

8

STARTER

Using information gained last week label the diagram below of the

respiratory system:

What are the key roles the respiratory system plays in everyday life?

Lesson 2

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How Breathing Works

INHALING

1)

2)

3)

4)

Lesson 2

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EXHALING

1)

2)

3)

4)

Lesson 2

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Gaseous Exchange in the Alveoli

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

1

2

3

4

5

6

Lesson 2

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KEY FEATURES OF ALVEOLI

•

•

•

What are the benefits of these key features? RECAP: Explain where else GASEOUS EXCHANGE takes place?

Lesson 2

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EXTENDED WRITTEN QUESTION

In your own words explain how the respiratory system gets oxygen

into the body and carbon dioxide out? NOTE: Make sure you explain the process of getting oxygen in and carbon dioxide out as

well as the route both need to take.

Lesson 2

Feedback / Next Step Advice:

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HOMEWORK

1) a) Name the two places where gaseous exchange takes place within the

human body? (2)

b) Explain gaseous exchange within the respiratory system? (4)

2) Explain what happens to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles during:

a) Breathing In: (1)

b) Breathing Out: (1)

3) Explain the role of air passages when breathing in air? (3)

Lesson 2

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STARTER

Explain the diagram above using the information gained from the last

lesson?

Lesson 3

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RESPIRATION – Aerobic

What is it?

Explanation of the Equation:

1) Oxygen and Sugar (Glucose):

2) Carbon Dioxide:

3) Water

4) Energy

Lesson 3

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Key Facts of Aerobic Respiration

•

•

•

RELATING THIS TO SPORT?

Name two sports where this type of respiration will be important? How do you know this? Explain how endurance athletes manage to maximise oxygen availability when exercising?

Lesson 3

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RESPIRATION – Anaerobic

What is it?

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Creatine Phosphate (CP)

Lactic Acid and Oxygen Debt

Lesson 3

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Key Facts of Anaerobic Respiration

•

•

•

RELATING THIS TO SPORT?

Name two sports where this type of respiration will be important? How do you know this?

Why does an athlete who has just worked anaerobically continue to breathe heavily for several minutes after finishing their activity?

Lesson 3

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HOMEWORK

In all games a combination of aerobic and anaerobic respiration is required. Explain how a performer might work aerobically and anaerobically in the following sports?

Aerobic Anaerobic Badminton Netball Football Boxing

Lesson 3

Feedback / Next Step Advice:

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STARTER Complete the titles and equations below:

1) _________________ Respiration Equation

Oxygen + ____________ = Carbon Dioxide + __________ + ________

2) _________________ Respiration Equation ___________ = Energy + ______________________

3) a) When does an athlete use aerobic respiration?

b) Give a sporting example from a game sport?

4) a) When does an athlete use anaerobic respiration?

c) Give a sporting example from a game sport?

Lesson 4

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Key Terms There are five key terms that relate to our bodies capacity for gaseous exchange: TIDAL VOLUME

RESPIRATORY RATE

MINUTE VOLUME

_________________ X __________________ = ________________

VITAL CAPACITY

VO2 MAX

Lesson 4

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SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TIDAL VOLUME:

How do we know this happens? What does this allow to happen?

RESPIRATORY RATE:

Why does this happen? Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide =

SO, MINUTE VOLUME:

Lesson 4

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During Anaerobic Activities ‘OXYGEN DEBT’ Occurs:

HOW LIFESTYLES EFFECT THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Diet: Smoking: Alcohol:

Lesson 4

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RESEARCH TASK

Medical Conditions that Effect Breathing

Research, using the internet the following medical conditions that affect our respiratory system. Make brief notes on how the illness is caused and why / how it affects the lungs ability to bring in oxygen:

ASTHMA: EMPHYSEMA: CYSTIC FIBROSIS: LUNG CANCER: PNEUMONIA:

Lesson 4

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PAST EXAM QUESTIONS

1) As soon as we start to exercise our breathing rate and depth of breathing increases.

(a) Explain two reasons why the respiratory system responds in this way when beginning exercise.

(i) Explanation one

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ (2 Marks)

(ii) Explanation two

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

(2 Marks)

(b) Explain how the respiratory system helps the body to recover from oxygen debt after exercise.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ (3 Marks) (Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

(2013 Exam Paper)

Lesson 4

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2) (a) Complete the statement. During exercise your breathing rate ......................................................... in order to take in more air. (1 Mark) (b) Name the two most important gases contained in inspired air in terms of impact on performance. Gas 1 ............................................................................................................................. Gas 2 ............................................................................................................................. (2 Marks) (c) Regular training can affect tidal volume. Explain the term ‘tidal volume’ and what the onset of exercise does to it? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (3 Marks) (d) What term is being described in the statement below? ‘The maximum amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after breathing in as much as possible.’ ...................................................................................................................................... (1 Mark) (Total Marks for Question 2 = 7 Marks) (2009 Exam Paper)

Lesson 4

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STARTER

1) Explain the meaning of the following terms: Tidal Volume = Respiratory Rate = Minute Volume = Vital Capacity = VO2 Max =

2) In your own words briefly explain what happens to the respiratory system after the onset of exercise?

Lesson 5

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LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

DIAPHRAGM AND INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES: THIS MEANS

Tidal Volume: Alveoli: Vital Capacity: Respiratory Rate during exercise and rest: ALSO

BLOOD SUPPLY:

Lesson 5

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RELATE TO SPORT

Paul and Mark are both 21 and have decided to run in the local 10K

charity run at the weekend. Paul exercises on a regular basis, however Mark smokes and does not exercise any more since leaving school. Explain how and why their respiratory systems will perform

differently during the run.

Lesson 5

Feedback / Next Step Advice:

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EXAM STYLE QUESTIONS

1) a) Where does gaseous exchange take place within the respiratory

system?

b) Why do these have / need such a good blood supply?

2) Explain the difference in the composition of inhaled and exhaled air and

explain why this occurs?

3) Which of the following is not a key term in relation to the respiratory

system?

a. Tidal Volume

b. Stroke Volume

c. Respiratory Rate

d. Vital Capacity

Explain your answer:

Lesson 5

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4) State one advantage and one disadvantage for both types of respiration?

a) Aerobic:

b) Anaerobic:

5) Explain how we inhale and exhale air?

a) Inhale:

b) Exhale:

Lesson 5

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ENRICHMENT WORK

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ENRICHMENT WORK