GCSE History Revision: Paper 1

GCSE History Revision: Paper 1Outline of the Day9.30-45am Paper 1 Content Overview9.45-10.45am Hitlers Foreign Policy and the Causes of the Second World War10.45-11.00am BREAK11.00-12.00 Causes of the FWW12.00-1.00pm LUNCH1.00-2.00pm Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations2.00-2.15pm BREAK2.15-3.15pm Exam Technique

Paper 1: Structure and Content

1hr 45minsThe 1st 3 topicsanswer ALL 3!Topics you MUST answer35mins per section = 1.5mins/mark4marks = 6mins6marks= 9mins10marks = 15minsThis gives 5mins to read and plan!!!

Paper 1: Topic 1Paper 1: Origins of the First World WarKey Question: Why were there two armed camps in Europe in 1914?Development of the Triple Alliance, Entente Cordiale and Anglo-Russian Agreement: Britains emergence from splendid isolationKaiser Wilhelm IIs aims in foreign policy; Weltpolitik; a place in the sun; attitudes towards Great Britain; development of the NavyThe Moroccan Crises of 1905 and 1911 and their effects on the alliancesThe Bosnian Crisis 1908-09 and its effects on the alliancesThe arms race military and naval: why did countries increase the size of their armies? The Anglo-German Naval RaceKey Question: Why did war break out in 1914?Aims of the Austria-Hungary and Serbia in the Balkans: the role of the Black HandThe assassination at Sarajevo: Gavrilo Princip; the response of Austria-Hungary; the ultimatum and Serbias responseThe events leading to war; the role of the alliances in 1914The Schlieffen Plan and its effects on the outbreak of war; its part in bringing about Great Britains declaration of war on GermanyResponsibility for the outbreak of war and the escalation of the conflictMAIN causes of the FWWMMilitarismAAlliancesIImperialismNNationalismWhat were the MAIN causes?M - militarism (increasing the size of your army or navy)A alliances (countries promising to help each other)I imperialism (powerful countries wanting to increase their power by taking other countries)N nationalism (being prepared to fight for ones country)Can you think of any examples of how the main European countries tried to increase their power?THINK8See 20th Century book page 7Alliances

Triple AllianceTriple Entente1.1.2.2.3.3.

Franco-Russian Alliance, 1893Triple Alliance, 1882Anglo-Russian Agreement, 1907Entente Cordiale, 1904DEFENSIVE ALLIANCESWhat is this image linked to?

Sage and ScribeSCRIBE NAME:SCRIBE NAME:Who was King of Germany in 1900?

When was the Triple Alliance signed?

Which countries made up the Triple Alliance?

What does splendid isolationism mean?

What two things happened that made Britain think about ending its policy of splendid isolationism?

When was the Entente Cordiale signed?

Which countries signed the Entente Cordiale?

What does Entente Cordiale mean?

What was the German foreign policy called? (In German or English)

When was the Triple Entente signed?

Rebellion in FezKaiser visits TangierThe Kaiser states he supports an independent MoroccoKaiser was humiliatedGermany was given two marshy strips of land in the French CongoA conference was held at Algeciras, SpainBritain believed Wilhelm was trying to set up a naval baseA-H supported Moroccan independenceFrance was given overall control of Morocco but not allowed any military presenceGermany sent the gun boat the Panther to protect German interestsItaly opposed Germany this weakened the TAThe Kaiser was testing the strength of the Entente CordialeBrought Europe close to warBritain signed a secret naval agreement with France to protect the north coastGermany was annoyed and humiliatedBritain and Russia supported FranceBritain mobilised its navy in Gibraltar

France felt more confident of Britains supportGermany was annoyed and humiliatedGermany wanted to expand its empire as part of WELTPOLITIKMorocco

1. Tangier, 1905-062. Agadir, 1911Rebellion in FezKaiser visits TangierThe Kaiser states he supports an independent MoroccoKaiser was humiliatedGermany was given two marshy strips of land in the French CongoA conference was held at Algeciras, SpainBritain believed Wilhelm was trying to set up a naval baseA-H supported Moroccan independenceFrance was given overall control of Morocco but not allowed any military presenceGermany sent the gun boat the Panther to protect German interestsItaly opposed Germany this weakened the TAThe Kaiser was testing the strength of the Entente CordialeBrought Europe close to warBritain signed a secret naval agreement with France to protect the north coastGermany was annoyed and humiliatedBritain and Russia supported FranceBritain mobilised its navy in GibraltarFrance felt more confident of Britains supportGermany wanted to expand its empire as part of WELTPOLITIK

Where is this?

ANNEXED = a country is taken and made part of another empireBosnia, 1909-09

Austrian leader Franz Josef taking Bosnia-Herzegovina from the Turkish SultanBosnian Crisis, 1908-09Ottoman Empire (Turkish Empire) was breaking upSerbia wanted to unite all SLAVS YugoslaviaRussia and Serbia = alliesRussia called for an international conference to discuss BosniaA-H refused to attend Germany supported A-H because of their support during MoroccoRussia had to back down as it was not ready to fight GermanySerbia wanted revenge against A-HRussia was humiliated and now unlikely to back downA-H had the support of Germany even if it meant war this was important in 1914Russia became closer to Br and FrArms Race and the First World War: Increase in SpendingThere was a four-fold increase in defence spending of the great powers, 1870-1914.

21Arms Race and the First World War:

IMPERIALISM led to an arms race in 1900, Kaiser Wilhelm said that GERMANY wanted a place in the sun i.e., that Germany wanted an empire as big as Britains. This TERRIFIED the British.

This British postcard interprets Kaiser Wilhelms statement about wanting a place in the sun it shows him making everybody in the world bow down to him.22Arms Race and the First World War: Attitude towards warBut note that militarism is also a government's attitude of mind, seeing war as a valid means of foreign policy. (GERMANY was especially militaristic.)

23Arms Race and the First World War:

As well as their STANDING ARMIES, the nations introduced CONSCRIPTION, so they also had large numbers of trained RESERVES. All the nations except Britain had HUGE armies.

24Arms Race and the First World War: Navies If GERMANY was to have an empire, it needed a navy, so in 1900 Admiral Tirpitz introduced the German Navy Law, which announced a huge programme of building warships.

25Arms Race and the First World War: Navies Both BRITAIN and GERMANY started building Dreadnoughts the most advanced class of warship in the world. The Dreadnought essentially reduced everybody elses number of warships to zero.

26

Anglo-German Naval Race Who is the winner?Arms Race and the First World War: In the end, Britains built many more Dreadnoughts than Germany.

28Naval RaceconscriptionweaponsdreadnoughtfunfminutenconfidencerivalryGermanyFranceBritain1729we want eight, we wont waitA German fleet is a luxury notA necessity.Arms Race and the First World War: EffectsThe arms race was tied in to both NATIONALISM and IMPERIALISM. It increased SUSPICION and HATRED of other nations - and it gave the nations the WHEREWITHAL to wage war.

30What event is this?

AssassinationWhere is Sarajevo?Who was visiting Sarajevo in June 1914?Why was he visiting Sarajevo?What was the name of the terrorist group planning to assassinate him?When was this group formed?How many members did this group have by 1914?What were the aims of this group?Which country was the group connected to?What was the name of the assassin?

AssassinationWhere is Sarajevo?BosniaWho was visiting Sarajevo in June 1914?Archduke Franz FerdinandWhy was he visiting Sarajevo?To encourage positive relations between A-H and the local peopleWhat was the name of the terrorist group planning to assassinate him? Black Hand GangWhen was this group formed?1911How many members did this group have by 1914?2,500What were the aims of this group? unite all Serbs in to a greater SerbiaWhich country was the group connected to?SerbiaWhat was the name of the assassin? Gavrillo Princip

Steps to War28th JuneRussia offers support to Serbia6th JulyGermany declares war on France; German troops enter Belgium 23rd JulyA-H sends ultimatum to Serbia24th JulyFrance declares war on Germany28th JulyA-H declares war on Serbia30th JulyGermany promises to support A-H= blank cheque1st AugustA-H declares war on Russia3rd AugustRussia mobilises its armed forces4th AugustAssassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand5th AugustGermany declares war on Belgium; Britain declares war on Germany6th AugustGermany declares war on RussiaDetailsName the Count who wanted to go to war with SerbiaHow many points did A-H send Serbia in their ultimatum?Which point did Serbia not agree too?Why?What was the German plan of attack called?What was it designed to avoid?What was the treaty with Belgium called?When was it signed?DetailsName the Count who wanted to go to war with Serbia. Count HotzendorfHow many points did A-H send Serbia in their ultimatum? 10pointsWhich point did Serbia not agree too?point 6Why? Gave A-H control of Serbias court systemWhat was the German plan of attack called?Schlieffen PlanWhat was it designed to avoid?A war on two fronts (sides)What was the treaty with Belgium called?Treaty of LondonWhen was it signed? 1839Schlieffen Plan

Effect of the SPBritain had no intention of supporting RussiaWould have been difficult for Britain to convince the people to go to war over FranceBELGIUM = opportunity 1839 Treaty of London = scrap of paper by the KaiserBritish people shocked by German aggression towards a small country like Belgium!Which country was responsible for war?CountryResponsibilityFranceThe French were determined to get revenge on Germany for defeat in 1871 and their attempts to expand in to Morocco.BritainThe British took part in the naval race and supported France during the Moroccan Crises; it also declared war on Germany in August 1914Russia Tsar (King of Russia) fully supported SerbiaGermanyWeltpolitik threatened Britain and FranceA-HA-H was determined to crush SerbiaSerbiaSerbia was determined to create a Greater Serbia and the BHG assassinated Franz FerdinandPaper 1: Topic 2Paper 1: Peacemaking 1918-19 and the League of NationsKey Question: How did the Treaty of Versailles establish peace?The Paris Peace Conference; the aims of Clemenceau, Lloyd George and Woodrow Wilson: the Fourteen PointsThe main terms of the Treaty of Versailles; Diktat; territorial changes; military restrictions, war guilt and reparationsThe strengths and weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles: Why Germany objected to itKey Question: Why did the League of Nations fail in its aims to keep peace?Membership 1919-39: why and how it changed; implications for the League of NationsOrganisation, powers and peace keeping role: the Assembly; the Council; the Permanent Court of Justice; military and economic sanctionsThe Manchurian Crisis 1931-33: events; actions taken by the League; effect on the League as a peacekeeping forceThe Abyssinian Crisis 1935-36: events; action taken by the League; effect on the League as a peacekeeping forceThe reasons for the collapse of the LeagueWhos Who?

Whos Who? What did they want?

_________________________________________________________________

ClemenceauWilsonLloyd-GeorgeMake Germany sufferSelf-determinationCripple Germanys economyPrevent future threats from GermanyGermany should be punished but not too harshlyInternational cooperation League of NationsA harsh treaty might lead to another warBritain and Germany to trade in the futureClemenceauWilsonLloyd-GeorgeMake Germany sufferSelf-determinationCripple Germanys economyPrevent future threats from GermanyGermany should be punished but not too harshlyInternational cooperation League of NationsA harsh treaty might lead to another warBritain and Germany to trade in the futureTreaty of VersaillesMaths Challenge49Question 1How many soldiers were the German army allowed under the Terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Write the answer down.

Clemenceau, Wilson and Lloyd George made up the Big Who? Write the answer down.

Multiple these two answers. Now write the answer to question 1 down. 100,000 x 3 = 300,00050Question 2How many battleships was Germany allowed under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Write the answer down.

How many points did Wilson have? Write the answer down.

What number was the War Guilt Clause? Write the answer down.

Multiple these three answers. Write the answer for question 2 down.6 x 14 x 231 = 19,404

51Question 3Subtract the question 2 answer from your question 1 answer.

Now write the answer to question 3 down. 300,000 19,404 = 280,59652Question 4How many years were there between the Treaty of Versailles being signed and the time the reparations figure was set? Write the answer down.

How many years was the Saar region to be given to France? Write the answer down.

Multiple these two answers. Now write the answer to question 4 down. 2 x 15 = 3053Question 5Add the answer from question 3 with the answer to question 4.

Now write the answer to question 5 down. 280,596 + 30 = 28062654Question 6To the nearest year how many years did the First World War last? Write the answer down.

Write the answer to question 6 down. 455Question 7Add the answer from question 5 with the answer to question 6.

Now write the answer to question 7 down. 280626 + 4 = 28063056Question 8What time did the Armistice ceasefire begin on 11th November 1918? Write the answer down.

Write the answer to question 8 down. 1157Question 9Subtract the question 8 answer from your question 7 answer.

Your solution is: 280630 11 28061958Solution280619Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28th June 1919 28/06/19Treaty of Versailles_______Treaty of Versailles 28th June 1919Colonies = mandatesAlsace-Lorraine=FranceDanzig=Free CityNorth Schleswig=DenmarkWest Prussia and Posen = PolandSaarland = LoN for 15 yearsAnschluss forbiddenArmy limited to 100,000No conscription6 battleshipsNo subs or aircraftRhineland demilitarisedArticle 231=War guilt clause6.6billion set in 1921Pay until 1984!Young Plan 1929Was it fair?Yes it was fairBritish and French casualties=9million750,000 homes destroyedBritain=1billion in debt to USAFood shortagesDevastation in Belgium and FranceTreaty of Brest-Litovsk: 34%pop; 54% industry; 89% coalminesTreaties St Germain (Austris)=lost Bosnia, Herzegovinian and Croatia; restiricted army to 30,000. Neuilly(Bulgaria)=Lost land to Greece and Yugoslavia; Armed forced limited to 20,000; 100million in reparations. Trianon (Hungary) = Lost land to Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia; lost 3 million people to other states; due to pay reparations. Sevres (Turkey) = Lost land to Greece other land became a LofN mandates; Palestine. No it was not fair10% of landAll colonies12.5% population50% of iron and steel industriesWar guilt clauseNo German representativeEconomy in ruinsArmy restrictions too smallGerman people split upStrengths WeaknessesBrought peace to EuropeGermany was left very unhappyFairer that other treaties A-H was divided Germany could not afford to make reparation paymentsGermany had imposed a much harsher treaty on Russia (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918)The treaty did not punish Germany enough to stop her seeking revengeWilson put too much faith in the loNStrengths and Weaknesses of the TofVTASK: For each of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, say whether you think its main aim was: Do you think this term was fair/unfair/unsure? Explain your answer. Germany had to pay 6,600 million, called reparations, for the damage done during the war.Germany forbidden to have submarines or an air force. She could have a navy of only 6 battleships. Germany lost land in EuropeGermany could only have an army of 100,000 men.Germanys colonies were given to Britain and France.Germany was split in two so that the newly created Poland could have access to the sea.Alsace-Lorraine given back to France.Germany could never unite with Austria Demilitarised the Rhineland - Germany was not allowed to place any troops in the Rhineland, the strip of land, 50 miles wide, next to France.War Guilt: Germany had to accept the blame for starting the war.Germany could not join the League of Nations.

Child crying. Class of 1940.What does this mean?The big threeThe TreatyClemenceau the TigerFuture cannon fodder?The League of Nations

Membership of the League191919291939GermanyUSSRUSAItalyBritain193419331933Membership of the League191919291939FranceJapanGermanyUSSRUSAItalyBritainNEVER JOINED19341933193319371926Covenant26 rules (articles)Registration of all treaties to avoid secret alliancesReduction of arms so no future arms raceCollective security to solve problemsCOLLECTIVE SECURITY = IF ONE STATE IS ATTACKEDTHE OTHER STATES JOIN TOGETHERTO HELPThe League of NationsEncourage co-operationStop aggressionDisarmamentImprove social conditionsAIMSStructureThe AssemblyEach country one voteThe CouncilMet several times a year and in emergencies5 permanent membersEach had right to veto any idea

The SecretariatKept records - civil servicePermanent court ofInternational JusticeBased at The HagueSettle disputes peacefullyNo power of enforcement

What event is this source commenting on?

What is the message of this cartoon?

Box with "Face -saving outfit" written on it.Lady with the word "League" on herJapan represented bya man in an army uniformThe word Geneva iswritten on the postA member of the Leagueis holding flowers andbowing to JapanList the key events of the Manchurian crisis and explain how they show the failure of the League.List the key events of the Manchurian crisis and explain how they show the failure of the League.September 1931 - Railway attacked in Japanese controlled ManchuriaItaly was putting its own interests first. Invading Manchuria in order to tackle problems brought on by the Depression of the 1930s.February 1932 Manchukuo Japan set up a puppet government in ManchuriaChina appealed to the LofN. Japan said it was solving a local problem and acted in this way as a form of self-defence.September 1932 Lytton Report states that Japan acted unlawfullyThe LofN sent an official to investigate Japans claims of self-defence. The Report took 12mths to compile. The report was approved 42 votes to 1Japan being the one! February 1933 Japan invades the rest of ManchuriaDespite the LofN stating that Japan had done wrong nothing was done! Japan continued to expand on the same principle of self-defence. Economic sanctions were not an option as the USA was its main trading partner. Also Britain did not want to risk its colonies in SE Asia by upsetting Japan. It was too far away to start a war over.March 1933 Japan withdrew from the League and invades Jehol provinceThe League was powerless. The League did not have the resources to remove Japan by force. Aggressive behaviour wins!Abyssinia - TimelineDecember 1934October 1935December 1935May 19361937Abyssinia - TimelineDecember 1934Italian troops provoke a clash at Wal Wal

October 1935Italian invasion begins

December 1935Britain and France produce Hoare-Laval Plan. Large parts of Abyssinia to be given to Italy in return for Italian withdrawal. Public outcry- plan abandoned

May 1936Haile Selassie was forced in to exile and the Italian conquest completeNovember 1936Rome-Berlin Axis signed1937

Italy withdraws from the LeagueCAUSESEVENTSEFFECTS ON THE LEAGUEManchurian CrisisAbyssinian CrisisManchurian and Abyssinian CrisesAbyssinia was the only independent Africa country in that areaWall Street Crash in 1929 meant that Japan lost trade with the USA.Japan invaded the next province JeholManchuria was rich in natural resourcesChina appealed to the League for help.Lytton Commission was set up to investigateChinese soldiers were accused of blowing up part of the Japanese railwayThe League condemned the actions of Japan and told Japan to leave the area.The League encouraged aggressive actions from Germany and ItalyWell at WalWal were attacked. Italy invaded.Mussolini wanted to increase Italys powerHaile Selassie appealed to the League for helpItaly wanted revenge for defeat in 1896The League had failed to deal effectively with JapanThe League imposed sanctions on glass, rubber and weaponsBritain and France were not willing to support the League by providing an armyBritain and France tried to get Italy to agree to the Hoare-Laval Pact this would give Italy 2/3 of AbyssiniaLeague members were not willing to stop aggressive countriesBritain and France were undermining the LeagueThe League was no longer taken seriouslyCAUSESEVENTSEFFECTS ON THE LEAGUEManchurian CrisisWall Street Crash in 1929 meant that Japan lost trade with the USA.

Manchuria was rich in natural resources

Chinese soldiers were accused of blowing up part of the Japanese railwayChina appealed to the League for help.

Lytton Commission was set up to investigate

Japan invaded the next province Jehol

The League condemned the actions of Japan and told Japan to leave the area.

Britain and France were not willing to support the League by providing an army

The League had failed to deal effectively with Japan

The League encouraged aggressive actions from Germany and Italy

Abyssinian CrisisAbyssinia was the only independent Africa country in that area

Mussolini wanted to increase Italys power

Italy wanted revenge for defeat in 1896

Well at WalWal were attacked. Italy invaded.Haile Selassie appealed to the League for help

Britain and France tried to get Italy to agree to the Hoare-Laval Pact this would give Italy 2/3 of Abyssinia

The League imposed sanctions on glass, rubber and weapons

League members were not willing to stop aggressive countries

Britain and France were undermining the League

The League was no longer taken seriously

82Questions on the LeagueThe league of nations failed because itWeakThe League did not have any real power. Apart from shame, sanctions didnt work and it did not have its own army.AmericaThe strongest nation after the First World War never joined.StructureThe Leagues organisation was disorganised so it took a long time to do anything. Members couldnt agree but decisions had to be unanimous.DepressionWorld-wide depression causes countries to look for more land and power. Countries were more worried about themselves and not world peace.UnsuccessfulThe more the League failed the more people mistrusted it. In the end countries just ignored it.MembersThe Leagues main members let it down.Big bulliesThe League showed it could deal with smaller countries in the 1920s. However when powerful countries like Germany, Italy and Japan defied the League the League was too weak to stop themTASK: Find an example to support each of these reasons.WeakThe League did not have any real power. Apart from shame, sanctions didnt work and it did not have its own army.AmericaThe strongest nation after the First World War never joined.StructureThe Leagues organisation was disorganised so it took a long time to do anything. Members couldnt agree but decisions had to be unanimous.DepressionWorld-wide depression causes countries to look for more land and power. Countries were more worried about themselves and not world peace.UnsuccessfulThe more the League failed the more people mistrusted it. In the end countries just ignored it.MembersThe Leagues main members let it down.Big bulliesThe League showed it could deal with smaller countries in the 1920s. However when powerful countries like Germany, Italy and Japan defied the League the League was too weak to stop them

Source BA cartoon in Punch, a British magazine, 28 July 1920. The rabbit is saying I dont haveany weapons (I am practically defenceless) so I must defeat him with a powerful stare.

Source BA cartoon in Punch, a British magazine, 28 July 1920. The rabbit is saying I dont haveany weapons (I am practically defenceless) so I must defeat him with a powerful stare.

Study Source B.Source B explains one of the weaknesses of the League of Nations in 1920.Do you agree that the lack of an armed force was the main weakness of the League of Nations when it was set up in 1920?Explain your answer by referring to the purpose of the source, as well as using its content and your knowledge. (6 marks)

Paper 1: Hitlers Foreign Policy and the Origins of the Second World WarKey Question: How did Hitler challenge and exploit the Treaty of Versailles 1933-March 1938?Hitlers aims in foreign policyThe return of the Saar, 1935The beginning of rearmament in Germany; withdrawal from the Disarmament Conference 1933; non-aggression pact with Poland 1934; reintroduction of conscription from 1935; Anglo-German Naval Agreement 1935The remilitarization of the Rhineland 1936Anschluss with Austria 1938Key Question: Why did Chamberlain's policy of appeasement fail to prevent the outbreak of war in 1939?Reasons for and against appeasementThe Sudeten Crisis and Munich Agreement, 1938The collapse of Czechoslovakia, March 1939The role of the USSR 1938-39: the Nazi-Soviet PactPoland and the outbreak of warResponsibility for the outbreak of warPaper 1: Topic 3How did Hitler challenge and exploit the Treaty of Versailles 1933-March 1938?Hitlers aims in foreign policyThe return of the Saar, 1935The beginning of rearmament in Germany; withdrawal from the Disarmament Conference 1933; non-aggression pact with Poland 1934; reintroduction of conscription from 1935; Anglo-German Naval Agreement 1935The remilitarization of the Rhineland 1936Anschluss with Austria 1938Timeline1933Germany leaves the League of NationsJan 1934Hitler signs 10yr non-aggression pact with PolandJuly 1934Mussolini prevents Anschluss with AustriaJan 1935Saar returned to GermanyApril 1935Stresa Front formedJune 1935Anglo-German Naval AgreementOctober 1935Mussolini invades AbyssiniaMarch 1936Rhineland remilitarisedOctober 1936Rome-Berlin Axis1936-39Spanish Civil WarMay 1937Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister APPEASEMENTMarch 1938Anschluss with AustriaSeptember 1938Munich ConferenceMarch 1939Collapse of CzechoslovakiaAugust 1939Nazi-Soviet PactSeptember 1939Attack on Poland and the outbreak of WWIITimeline1933Jan 1934Hitler signs 10yr non-aggression pact with PolandJuly 1934Mussolini prevents Anschluss with AustriaSaar returned to GermanyApril 1935June 1935Anglo-German Naval AgreementOctober 1935Mussolini invades AbyssiniaRhineland remilitarisedOctober 1936Rome-Berlin Axis1936-39Spanish Civil WarMay 1937Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister APPEASEMENTMarch 1938Munich ConferenceCollapse of CzechoslovakiaAugust 1939September 1939Attack on Poland and the outbreak of WWII1919, Treaty of Versailles = Germany stabbed in the back

This is what he SAID he wanted, now lets see what he actually did.Hitlers Aims

Unite all German speaking people in one single country.Put right all the harm the Treaty Of Versailles has done to Germany and make Germany great again.Get lebensraum [living space] for all the Germany people. We need colonies and land to house our huge population.This is what he SAID he wanted, now lets see what he actually did.Hitlers Aims

It was necessary for us [the Nazi Party] to dig ourselves into the minds of the people as the enemies of the peace treaties so that the people give us their confidence. MEIN KAMPF, 1923This is what he SAID he wanted, now lets see what he actually did.Hitlers Aims What does this source mean?Which parts of the treaty would he want to reverse to gain support?How did Hitler plan to achieve these aims?Take back land lostBring the 7million German speakers in Austria and 4 million in Czechoslovakia and Poland in to his empireBuild up the armed forces to make Germany great againExpand in the east and destroy Communism

German Foreign Policy 1933-35Rearmament10yr Non-Aggression PactFailed AnschlussAnglo-German Naval AgreementGerman Foreign Policy 1933-35German Foreign Policy 1933-351932 Disarmament ConferenceFrance= never disarm1933 Hitler withdrew from Conference1935 Gr introduced conscription1935 Br, Fr & It = Stresa Front against GermanyTofV= unfairFR = not act alone

1934 - Germany and Poland signed a 10yr non-aggression pactHitler promised not to take Polish corridorPleased Britain1934 Austrian Nazi Party encouraged to rebelAustrian Chancellor Dollfuss killedMussolini moved army to Austria to prevent Hitler from achieving AnschlussHitler not strong enough so backed down1935 Britain pleased with Hitler Germany navy limited to 35% of British navyBritain agreed to German rearmamentBr acted without Fr or It1938 = 800,000 men; 47 u-boats; 2,000 aircraftSaar

What were the terms of the TofV?Under control of LofN for 15yrsFrance allowed to taker coal during that time15 years a PLEBISCITE LofN or Germany?Saar Plebiscite90% to reunite with GermanyLEGAL reversal of the TofVRhineland

Rhineland, March 1936Describe7th March 1936Germany in to the RhinelandBroke the TofV and Locarno PactLeague condemned the actionExplain German troops told to retreat if confrontedBr & Fr more concerned with Mussolini and AbyssiniaFr = not prepared to act without BrBr = Hitler not doing anything wrong marching on to his own backyardNo one wanted warBr = TofV unfairAssessHitler = reversed TofV = confidenceHitler = more popular in GermanyRome-Berlin Axis (fascists working together)Failure of the LofN to keep peace

ANSCHLUSS = UNION WITH AUSTRIAAustrian Plebiscite, April 193880,000 opponents arrested and put in concentration campsApril = plebiscite99.75% - YES vote for NAZIS

RESULTSLofN = not consultedBr = TofV too harshBr = feared communism moreAustria = resources for Hitler to useTofV = reversalHitler = more confidentGermany = land on 3 sides of the SudetenlandAustrians welcomed GermanyWhy did Chamberlain's policy of appeasement fail to prevent the outbreak of war in 1939?

FOR APPEASEMENTAGAINST APPEASEMENTWhy did Chamberlain's policy of appeasement fail to prevent the outbreak of war in 1939?

FOR APPEASEMENTAGAINST APPEASEMENTAvoid a war at all costsHitler could not be trusted broken promises since 1933DepressionBritain looked weak and encouraged HitlerLeague of Nations had failedBetrayed countries protected by the TofVCommunism feared more than fascism Hitler increased strength and powerSudetenland, 1938

Why did Hitler want the Sudetenland?Unite all German speaking people = 3million in the SudetenlandCzech government accused of treating German speakers unfairlyHenlein = Czech Nazi campaigned for independence from CzechMunich AgreementImportance of the Munich AgreementHitler = Sudetenland without fightingCzechoslovakia betrayedPeace preservedCzechoslovakia = vulnerable to invasionGermany = more resourcesBritain speeded up rearmamentUSSR felt left out and betrayedCzechoslovakiaMunich Agreement = break up of CzechoslovakiaOctober&November 1938 = Poland&Hungary gained land from CzechoslovakiaMarch 1939 = Slovaks press for independence too!Hitler marches in to Czechoslovakia to restore orderBr&Fr protested but did not directly oppose!

ResultRankEnd of appeasementHitler could not be trustedMemel (Lithuania) back to GermanyBr&Fr signed an agreement to protect PolandBritain guaranteed the independence of Romania and GreeceHitler withdrew from the 10yr non-aggression pact with Poland and the Anglo-German Naval AgreementWhat event?

What event?Nazi-Soviet Pact

Invasion of PolandApril 1939 = Hitler demands DanzigBelieved Br and Fr wouldnt go to war over Danzig

3rd September 1939 = Br declared war on Germany1st September 1939RecapPut the following events in chronological orderMunich AgreementAnglo-German Naval AgreementThe retaking of the SaarCzechoslovakiaInvasion of PolandNazi-Soviet PactRearmamentAnschluss (2nd attempt)Rhineland

Responsible for war?EVENTSCORERearmamentAnglo-German Naval AgreementThe retaking of the SaarRhinelandAnschluss (2nd attempt)Munich Agreement Czechoslovakia Nazi-Soviet PactInvasion of PolandInternational History, 1900-49Test yourselfWhich British Prime Minister is most closely associated with appeasement? Name three countries that were appeased by Britain in the 1930s. In which year did Japan invade Manchuria? How large an army was Germany restricted to by the Treaty of Versailles? Which African state was invaded by Italy in 1935? Why did Britain try to turn a blind-eye to Mussolini's aggressive foreign policy in 1935? In which war did both Germany and Italy support the fascist dictator General Franco? Which clause of the Treaty of Versailles was broken by Germany in 1936? Which country became part of Germany after the Anschluss of 1938? What was the name of the largely German-speaking area of Czechoslovakia? Who was the leader of the Sudeten Germans? Essentially what was agreed to at the Munich Conference of 1938? Which Polish port was claimed by Germany in 1939? Which agreement between Germany and Russia prevented Russia from declaring war on Germany in 1939? What is the German word for the eastward expansion of Germany's frontiers in the 1930s and 40s which aimed to provide new lands for the German people? Why was Britain reluctant to formalise a defensive alliance with Russia in the 1930s?

Know what each question is about

4 marks6 marks10 marks

Exam Technique4 mark questionsBased on simple knowledgeNeed to be more than just bullet pointsYou need to describe (use knowledge to show) what is happening E.g.

Think about what the league tried to doExplain what they did

SoFirstly the League of Nations tried to solve the Abyssinian crisis by...This was where...This would help solve the crisis because...Secondly the League tried to solve the Abyssinian crisis by...This was where...This would help solve the crisis because...

PEvExPEvExL2-2L2-3L3-4

6 mark questionsYou Must use the sourceYou must use your knowledgeSoFirstly I agree with the content of the source as it shows ...This tells me that...(In addition this source was made by...which...)HOWEVER, I also disagree with the source from my own knowledge... I know that the League was also weak because...In conclusionMake a link, bring something new- develop your conclusion

PEvExPEvExL2-2L3-4/5 L4- 2 sidesL4-610 mark questionsDead easy to get good marks!Mini essay questionIt tells you what to talk aboutPEE to be usedArgue one sideThen the otherGood conclusion to get top marks

Use this grid to help you!!!On the one handOn the other handDescribeExplainAssessUse this grid to help you!!!On the one handOn the other handDescribeLand that Germany lostDanzigSaarColonies

Reparations enormous6.6 billion

ExplainWhy Germany hated this12.5% of pop10% of landIndustrial areasPridestrengthWhy Germany hated thisEconomic collapse- WWIWar guilt unfairNot agreed until 1921Punishing the wrong government Assess (Conclusion)Impact on the economyHarder to recoverCant make reparations payments led to 1923 Ruhr and hyper inflationHumiliation- troops in RuhrHow do they link? Which is most important?Use this grid to help you!!!On the one handOn the other handDescribeLand that Germany lostDanzigSaarColonies

Reparations enormous6.6 billion

ExplainWhy Germany hated this12.5% of pop10% of landIndustrial areasPridestrengthWhy Germany hated thisEconomic collapse- WWIWar guilt unfairNot agreed until 1921Punishing the wrong government Assess (Conclusion)Impact on the economyHarder to recoverCant make reparations payments led to 1923 Ruhr and hyper inflationHumiliation- troops in RuhrHow do they link? Which is most important?L1-1L2-3/5 L3-6/8 L4-9/10 Examination QuestionWhich was the more important as a reason for the failure of the League of NationsThe Manchurian Crisis, 1931-32The Abyssinian Crisis, 1935-36?

Answering the questionIntroduction:Which crisis do you think was the more serious?Main Body:Describe the two crises briefly (remember beginning, middle and the end)Explain why you believe one was more important.Conclusion:The ________________was more important because it led to

Chart694130154268289398

mDefence Spending, 1870-1914

Sheet1BritainGermany19061100190734001908264419092837191031118191151631119123192131913726316191432911718701880189019001910191494130154268289398

Sheet1

GermanyGreat BritainBuilding Dreadnoughts, 1906-1914

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mDefence Spending, 1870-1914

Sheet3

Chart15010446788111116131916261729

GermanyBritainTotal Dreadnoughts

Sheet1BritainGermany1906110011907340041908264421909283711910311183191151631151912319213619137263161019143291171218701880189019001910191494130154268289398

Sheet1

GermanyGreat BritainBuilding Dreadnoughts, 1906-1914

Sheet2

mDefence Spending, 1870-1914

Sheet3

GermanyBritainTotal Dreadnoughts

CharactersPersonal AimsAims of the Nation the Represent

Georges Clemenceau

David Lloyd George

Woodrow Wilson