Gaya MPLAD Assessment

8/6/2019 Gaya MPLAD Assessment

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GoI-UN Program on Convergence | Jun-11

JAN 2010ANALYSIS OF MPLADIN

GAYA MPCONSTITUENCY


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Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION ______________________________________________________________________ 3

GOI-UN JOINT PROGRAM ON CONVERGENCE ___________________________________________ 3

Box 2 __________________________________________________________________________ 3

Box 1 __________________________________________________________________________ 3

TRACING THE HISTORY OF INSTITUTIONALIZING GENDER ___________________________________ 4

ALL ABOUT THE STUDY ________________________________________________________________5

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ______________________________________________________________5

METHODOLOGY ______________________________________________________________________ 5

THE PROGRAM MPLAD ______________________________________________________________6

BACKGROUND OF SCHEME __________________________________________________________6

PROVISIONS UNDER THE SCHEME _____________________________________________________ 6

WORKS PROHIBITED UNDER MPLAD ___________________________________________________ 7

GENDER ISSUE IN GUIDELINE ___________________________________________________________8

OVERVIEW OF GAYA DISTRICT __________________________________________________________8

MAJOR FINDINGS ____________________________________________________________________ 9

FUND DISTRIBUTION UNDER THE SCHEME _____________________________________________ 10

KEY RECOMMENDATIONS ____________________________________________________________11

Works Cited ________________________________________________________________________ 12


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INTRODUCTIONThis report presents the findings of an analysis of MPLAD interventions from the

point of view of gender equality. In spite of the limited time span, the Given the

limitations, the findings presented here are by no means conclusive. Instead, they

may be treated as pointers, as unheard voices that need to be heardand acted

upon. The hopes that the study will usher in a process of enquiry in terms of

integrating gender: in the Program Implementation.

GOI-UN JOINT PROGRAMON CONVERGENCE

Joint Collaborative Program between

Union Planning Commission, Govt. of

Bihar and UN system in India to help

5 selected districts to accelerate

actions to meet MDGs by fostering

convergence, improved Utilization of

resources from Government Programs

and other sources and UN agencies

delivering as one in support of

Government at state and district

level. This are achieved through

formation of Technical Support Group

to assist District Planning Committee

(DPC). The core functional areas of

the group are to strewnghten the

system and build the capacity of all

stakeholders and create evidence

based knowledge. Evidence based

System Strengthening and pro-poor

and pro-deprived Innovative

approaches / models to achieve

desired programme outcomes. This

program is meant to support State

and District to achieve key

monitoring indicators of 11th five

year plan and improved service

delivery in National Flagship Program

through System Strengthening,

Capacity Building, Knowledge

Management, Decentralized Planning,

Monitoring and Evaluation.

Box 2Key Monitoring Indicators 11

thPlan

I. GDP growth rate

II. Agric

ltural growth rate

III. New work opportunities

IV. Poverty ratio

V. Dropout rate in ele entary schools

VI. Literacy rate

VII. Gender gap in literacy rate

VIII. Infant mortality rate (IMR)

IX. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR)

X. Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

XI. Child malnutrition

XII. Anaemia among women and girls

XIII. Sex-ratio

Box 1National Flagship Program (NFPs)

I. National Rural Health Mission

II. Integrated Child Development Services

III. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

IV. Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY)

V. Accelerated Rural Water Supply Program

VI. Total Sanitation Campaign

VII. Backward region grant fund

VIII. National Rural Employment Guarantee

Scheme

IX. Jawaharlal Nehru Urban renewal Mission


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TRACINGTHE HISTORYOF INSTITUTIONALIZINGGENDERThe planning Commission of India has always focused on womens issues as per the

perceptions of their members on womens status within the economy. The First

Five Year Plan (1951-1956) set up Central Social Welfare Board in 1953 to promote

welfare work through voluntary organisations, charitable trusts and philanthropic

agencies. The Second Five Year Plan (1956-1960) supported development of Mahila

mandals for grass roots work among women. The Third, Fourth and Interim Plans

(1961-74) made provision for womens education, pre-natal and child health

services, supplementary feeding for children, nursing and expectant mothers. The

Fifth Plan (1974-1978) marked a major shift in the approach towards women, from

welfare to development. The Sixth Plan (1980-85) accepted womens development

as a separate economic agenda. The Multidisciplinary approach with three- pronged

thrust on health, education and employment. The Seventh Plan (1985-1990)

declared as its OBJECTIVE TO BRING WOMEN INTO THE MAINSTREAM OF NATIONAL

DEVELOPMENT. The Eighth Plan (1992-1997) projected paradigm shift, from

development to empowerment and promised to ensure flow of benefits to women

in the core sectors of education, health and employment. Outlay for women rose

from 4 crores in the First plan to Rs. 2000 crores in the 8th Plan. The Ninth Plan

(1997-2002) stated that Empowerment of women was its strategic objective. It

accepted the concept of Womens Component Plan to assure at least 30% of

funds/benefits from all development sectors flow to women. The Tenth Five Year

Plan (2002-2007) has suggested specific Strategies, policies and programmes for

Empowerment of women. (Gender Budgeting Handbook forGovt of India Ministries

and Departments , 2007)

The Approach Paper to the Eleventh Plan states that "gender equity requires

adequate provisions to be made in policies and schemes across Ministries and

Departments. It also entails strict adherence to Gender Budgeting across the

board." For the Eleventh Five Year Plan, for the first time there was a Sub-Groupon Gender Budgeting, as part of the Working Group on Empowerment of Women. In

addition to providing recommendations on Gender Budgeting for various sectoral

ministries, the Sub-group recommended the setting up of a Gender Budgeting

bureau in the MWCD, establishment of Regional Resource and Training Centres for

Gender Budgeting (RRTCGB) as well as preparation of Gender Budgeting training

manuals. The report of the sub-group was incorporated as a part of the Working

Group on Women and submitted to the Planning Commission. The importance of

Gender Budgeting has been stressed time and again in different forums. To provide

further impetus, the Finance Minister, in his budget for 2004-05, mandated the

setting up of gender budget cells in all Ministries and Departments and highlighted

the need for budget data to be presented in a manner that brought out the gendersensitivity of the budgetary allocations. This was followed by a more emphatic

commitment in the budget speech of 2005-06, where budgetary allocations under

10 demands for grants, estimated at a total of Rs. 14,379 crore, were shown in a

separate gender budget statement. The 2006-07 Budget Speech revealed an

estimated allocation of Rs.28,737 cr. for benefit of women under 24 demands for

grants in 18 Ministries and Departments. This statement was extended in the

budget of 2007-08, to include 33 demands for grants of 27 ministries/departments.


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These gender budget statements covered allocations that were 100% targeted at

women and girls and those where at least 30% of the funds were targeted at

women and girls. The suggest strategies under 11th Five year plan are as follows

measurement of development has to go beyond achievement of GDP growth to

indicators of distributive justice and their monitoring. Women headed households

have to be specifically targeted, identifying added disadvantages in the rural and

urban locations with reference to different parameters of deprivation. Formulation

of Gender Development Indicators to measure human Development and their use as

a tool for monitoring development needs to be hastened. Out of 13 key monitoring

indicators 5 are directly related to women. These are Gender gap in literacy rate,

maternal mortality ratio (MMR), Total Fertility Rate (TFR), Anaemia among women

and girls and Sex-ratio.

ALLABOUTTHE STUDYThis study was conducted under the guidance of Sri Sanjay Kumar Singh, IAS,

District Magistrate of Gaya to see how MPLAD scheme is being translated into field

and how sensitivity it carries both at guideline and at Implementation level. Thiswas Joint effort of District administration and district UN team led by District

Facilitator in District.

OBJECTIVE OFTHE STUDYThe main objectives of the study are:

To attempt as far as possible a gender analysis of MPLAD scheme from 2004-05 to2008-09 in Gaya MP Constituency to track flow of resources to women.

To offer some policy suggestions following largely from the mismatch betweenwhat was envisaged by Planning commission and Ministry of Women and Childdevelopment, given the mechanisms and processes put in place for assessinggender needs and priorities, and what has been the outcome.

Integrate gender issues into planning, monitoring, and evaluations to promote andsupport activities, which contribute to gender equality goals

METHODOLOGYThe analysis of the MPLAD scheme was carried our using studied adopting

methodology of Data analysis and validation, qualitative research, concerns,challenges. The study is based on the data given by competent authority of MPLAD

and guideline of Member of Parliament Local area development scheme,

Government of India. (MPLAD Guideline, 2009)

Several documents of Government of India, Ministry of Women and Child and UN

agencies were referred for this analysis to give a natural view. The scheme details

were categorized broadly into eight categories to see how the schemes were

selected and how much resource is allocated to each category. And whether the


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schemes which were selected during last 5 financial years are sensitive to womens

need or are gender natural.

THE PROGRAM MPLADThe Member of Parliament Local Area Development Division is entrusted with the

responsibility of implementation of Member of Parliament Local Area Development

Scheme (MPLADS). Under the scheme, each MP has the choice to suggest to the

District Collector for, works to the tune of Rs.2 Crores per annum to be taken up in

his/her constituency. The Rajya Sabha Member of Parliament can recommend

works in one or more districts in the State from where he/she has been elected.

The Nominated Members of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha may select any one or

more Districts from any one State in the Country for implementation of their

choice of work under the scheme. The Department has issued the guidelines on

Scheme Concept, implementation, and monitoring. The Department has initiated

all necessary steps to ensure that the scheme is successfully implemented in the

field. The progress of the works being implemented under the scheme is monitored

on a regular basis.

BACKGROUNDOF SCHEME

The general public approach Members of Parliament (MPs) for provision of certain

basic facilities including community infrastructure in their areas. Government of

India considered the need for a mechanism to respond to such requests and

decided to have a scheme to meet the felt needs of the people.

On 23rd December 1993 Prime Minister announced in the Parliament the Members

of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS). Initially the MPLADS was

under the control of the Ministry of Rural Development. The Guidelines were issued

in February 1994, covering the concept, implementation and monitoring of theScheme. The subject relating to the MPLADS was transferred to the Ministry of

Statistics and Programme Implementation in October 1994. The Guidelines were

periodically updated in December 1994, February 1997, September 1999, 2002 and

lastly in November 2005. The objective of the scheme is to enable MPs to

recommend works of developmental nature with emphasis on the creation of

durable community assets based on the locally felt needs to be taken up in their

Constituencies. Right from inception of the Scheme, durable assets of national

priorities viz. drinking water, primary education, public health, sanitation and

roads, etc. are being created. In 1993-94, when the Scheme was launched, an

amount of Rs. 5 lakh per Member of Parliament was allotted which became Rupees

one crore per annum from 1994-95 per MP constituency. This was stepped up to Rs.

2 crore from 1998-99.

PROVISIONS UNDERTHE SCHEME

All works to meet the locally felt community infrastructure and development needs

with emphasis on the creation of durable assets in the respective constituency are

permissible under MPLADS except those prohibited in Annex- II. MPs may choose

some works for creation of durable assets of national priorities namely drinking

water, education, public health, sanitation, and roads under the Scheme.


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There is a greater need to develop areas inhabited by Scheduled Castes (SCs) and

Scheduled Tribes (STs). It is necessary that special attention is given for

infrastructural development of such areas. The MPs are to recommend every year

such works costing at least 15% of MPLADS fund for areas inhabited by Scheduled

Caste population and 7.5% for areas inhabited by Scheduled Tribe population. In

other words, permissible works costing not less than Rs. 30 lakh out of the annual

allocation of Rs. 2 crore per MP shall be recommended for areas inhabited by SC

population and Rs. 15 lakh for areas inhabited by ST population. In case, a

constituency does not have ST inhabited area, such fund may be utilized in SC

inhabited areas and vice-versa. It shall be the responsibility of the District

Authority to enforce this provision of the Guidelines.

MPLAD Scheme can be converged with the Central and State Government

schemes provided such works are eligible under MPLADS. Funds from local

bodies can also be pooled for MPLADS works. Wherever such pooling is done,

funds from other scheme sources should be used first and the MPLADS funds

should be released later, so that MPLADS fund results in completion of the

work.

The MPs concerned can recommend the use of MPLADS funds towards the State

Government share in a Centrally Sponsored Scheme being implemented in their

constituencies, provided the works under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme are

permissible under MPLADS. Public and community contribution to the works

recommended by MPs is permissible. In such cases, MPLADS funds will be limited

to the estimated amount minus the public and community contribution.

As per the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005 and the Rules framed

there under, all citizens have the right to information on any aspect of the MPLAD

Scheme and the works recommended/ sanctioned/ executed under it. This may

include any information on works recommended by the MPs, works sanctioned/ not

sanctioned, cost of works sanctioned, Implementing Agencies, quality of work

completed, Users Agency etc. The District Authorities are responsible to provide

such information to the public in the manner as required under the Right to

Information Act 2005.

WORKS PROHIBITEDUNDERMPLAD

Office and residential buildings belonging to Central, and State Governments,their Departments, Government Agencies/ Organizations and Public SectorUndertakings.

Office and residential buildings, and other works belonging to private,

cooperative and commercial organizations. All works involving commercial establishments/units.

All maintenance works of any type.

All renovation, and repair works except heritage and archeological monumentsand buildings with specific permission available from the Archeological Surveyof India.

Grants and loans, contribution to any Central and State/UT Relief Funds.

Assets to be named after any person.

Purchase of all movable items except vehicles, earth movers, and equipmentsmeant for hospital, educational, sports, drinking water and sanitation purposes


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belonging to Central, State, UT and Local Self Governments. (This will besubject to 10% of the Capital Cost of the work for which such items areproposed)

Acquisition of land or any compensation for land acquired.

Reimbursement of any type of completed or partly completed works or items.

Assets for individual/family benefits.

All revenue and recurring expenditure. Works within the places of religious worship and on land belonging to or owned

by religious faith/group.

GENDER ISSUE IN GUIDELINEThe MPLAD guideline never talks about disaggregated data collection for planning

or monitoring. There are provisions for special category (SC/ST) but gender aspect

is missing from guideline. Nowhere in the guideline is term gender or sex found.

Even the work priorities which are mentioned in the guideline are generic in nature

and it is left to the individual. Some guideline on activities should be given so that

MPs can think beyond the Roads and bridges. The guideline talks about the fund

installments to implementing agencies but it hardly say anything for women

component plan which is mandated by Ministry of Women and child, Government of

India. The selection of schemes is solely done by the MPs so they should be

informed about gender issues before making choices for a particular scheme. It is

open and only bar a few activities so wide range and issues related to gender

should be given in the guideline.

OVERVIEWOFGAYADISTRICTAccording to 2001 Census Gaya has a population of 3,473,428 which comprises of

1,792,163 males and 1,681,265 females. Of the total population of the district,

86.30 per cent reside in rural areas and remaining in urban areas. The literacy rateof the Gaya is 50.4 percent against national average of 64.8. The sex ratio has

slightly increased from 922 (1991 census) to 938 (2001 census) but it is having

declining trend in last century. 29 percent comprise of SC population and only less

than percent is ST population. Gender gap in literacy is 26.6 points.

The district level health survey (DLHS-3, 2008) data also shows that early marriage

is 50.4 percent in Gaya district. 22 percent of respondents have Access to toilet

facility. Only 20.7 percent women have gone for Institutional delivery which is 15.2

percent in rural area.


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Thir

s

harts

t

earlyr

howr

ther

eles

tiou

ofr s

hev

er

es

tor wir

ew

Dx

riu

y

the

year

erio

total

r s

hev

er

were res

ov v

eu

e

y

o

xt of whi

s

h

erce

ut i

r

for

CC roads. If we clubthis with

illage road

.5%) andbridges

.5%) the share

increasesto 58 ercent.

econdbig ie

%) is forsanitation inthiscategory v ost

of the

chev

es were fordrainage withCC road or other type of Roads. Onlya

few schev

es were selected where e

clusi

e drainage work wasdone.e

tto this,

drinking water,this is

percent inthe abo

e pie,v

ostly forthe ringboringand

othertype ofandpumps.Out of

andpumps

ot e

enasingle handpump was

gi

en inthe name of Anganwari centers/

ealth

ubcenters. where in

ayadistrict

AWCsare there.Well, this percent schemesare directly contributing to

the

ender component depending on the location of these handpumps. In

communityhall

%) it isusuallymade intheanchayats land, out of the

illage

where women hardly go for anything. This needs to be looked into for ideal

location so that women can use these places for their

meeting or other

gatherings.

O

erall the number of schemes for sustainable li

elihoods such as irrigation

schemes foragriculture is only.5% whichshowsthe lack of informedchoices.

F

ND DISTRIBUTI NUNDERTHE SCHEME

As we went through the financial figures of Last fi

e years we have found thatduring last5yearstotal

,65,02,083/-rupees isallocatedto

ayadistrict. Out of

thissum of

.65crore rupees58% isspent onj

CC Road. If we include thek

illage

roadandlridgesthis willreachto 65percent.The sanitation whichaccounts for

m8

percent of the allocationalso includesroad of differenttype along withdrainage

and a few scheme of drainage en

clusively. Community hall and rooms with

l

aramdah have the fund share of 8%.o

o in priority sector we only see Drinking

water2percentand Irrigation3percent.

Sanitati n

Agri u tur

Drinking Wat

r

C nn tivity

R a

C

mmunity ha

Vi ag R a

C nn tivity

Bri

g

Oth

r

Sector wise scheme share


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Thischartclearlyshowsthatthe schemesselectedduringlast five yearsare not in

line ofz

ender responsive budgeting. And hence care should be taken before

scheme selection and honorable{

ember of|arliament should be informed and

aware ongenderrelated issues.

MPLAD scheme compilation of fund and Sector(Period : 2004-05 to 2008-09)

Nature ofScheme

No ofSchemes

Cost ofSchemes

FundReleased

Total fundUtilised

TotalCompleted

Scheme

Sanitation 45 14,130,330 13,793,180 9,933,838 32Agriculture 10 2,009,300 1,857,615 945,756 4

Drinking Water 33 1,271,813 1,202,525 1,064,526 28

Connectivity Road 147 43,976,940 42,132,350 34,596,660 112

Community hall 25 5,846,600 4,682,100 708,500 4

Village Road 7 1,737,100 173,100 1,227,842 4

Connectivity Bridge 13 4,153,600 4,028,200 3,040,776 8

Other 9 3,376,400 2,974,200 1,243,650 4

Total 289 76,502,083 70,843,270 52,761,548 196

KE}

RECOMMENDATIONSTo help the

~

s to prioritize the feltneeds of variousgroups of population,the

RIsmaybe askedto provide alist of worksto be recommendedto the

~

annually

as

RIsrepresents50% womenthis will ensure the gender inclusive planning.

~

s so they shouldbe informedaboutgender issuesbefore makingchoices fora

particularscheme. It is openand onlybara few activitiesso wide range and issues

relatedto gendershouldbe given inthe guideline.

Sanitation18%

Agri u tur

3%

Drinking Wat r

2%

Conn tivity

Roa

58%

Community

ha

8%

Vi ag

Roa

2%

Conn tivity

Bri g

5%

Oth

r

4%

Fund distribution of Schemes


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WorksCited

(2009 December). Retrieved from MPLAD Guideline: www.mplads.nic.in

DLHS-3. (2008). District Level Health Survey. Ministry of Health and family welfare, Govt. of India.

Gender Budgeting Handbook forGovt of India Ministries and Departments .(2007). Ministry of

Women and Child, Government of India.

Gaya MPLAD Assessment

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