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A 11 IDE 7 B b 2 2NBS
PUBLiCATIONS
NBSIR 88-3747
GATT Standards Code Activities of theNational Bureau of Standards 1987
JoAnne R. Overman
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENational Bureau of Standards
Office of Standards Code and Information
Office of the Associate Director for Industry and Standards
Gaithersburg, MD 20899
March 1988
1988
c. 2
75 Years Stimulating America’s Progress
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
NBSIR 88-3747
GATT STANDARDS CODE ACTIVITIES OF THENATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1987
Research Information Center
National Bureau of Standards
Gaithersburg, Maryland 2089'
HG/c
JoAnne R. Overman
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENational Bureau of Standards
Office of Standards Code and Information
Office of the Associate Director for Industry and Standards
Gaithersburg, MD 20899
March 1988
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, C. William Verity, Secretary
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director
ABSTRACT
This report describes the GATT Standards Code activitiesconducted by the Office of Standards Code and Information,National Bureau of Standards (NBS) , for calendar year 1987. NBSresponsibilities include operating the UcS. GATT inquiry pointfor information on standards and certification activities;notifying the GATT Secretariat of proposed U.S. Federalgovernment standards-based rules that might significantly affecttrade; assisting U.S. industry with standards-related tradeproblems; and responding to inquiries about proposed foreign andU.S. regulations.
Key Words: certification information; GATT Standards Code;notifications; proposed foreign regulations; standardsinformation; technical assistance
CONTENTS
Introduction 1
Inquiry Point 1
Notifications 1
Inquiries 3
Translations 4
Standards Information . 4
Technical Office... 5
Assistance to Industry 5
Comment Handling 6
Comment Periods 7
Conclusion 7
Standards Code Signatories 9
Tables
Table I Number of Notifications Issued in 1987 10
Table II List of U.S. Notifications 10
Table III List of Foreign Notifications 11
Appendix A Key-Word-Out-of-Context (KWOC) Index ofProducts Notified 17
v
INTRODUCTION
The international Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade(Standards Code) has been in effect since January 1, 1980. Thereare currently 39 signatories to the Code, 27 of which haveactively implemented the Code in their countries. The other 12signatories have either not ratified the Agreement, establishedan inquiry point for standards information or reported anyproposed government mandatory regulations (see 'Standards CodeSignatories') or a combination thereof. The Code is administeredby the Secretariat of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT) in Geneva, Switzerland.
The NBS Office of the Associate Director for Industry andStandards (ADIS) has several responsibilities for implementingprovisions of Title IV of the U.S. Trade Agreements Act of 1979related to establishment of a U.S. inquiry point, 1 a standardsinformation center, and a technical office for non-agriculturalproducts. This report summarizes Standards Code activitiesconducted by the Office of Standards Code and Information (SCI)in ADIS for calendar year 1987. These functions are performedwithin the traditional framework of NBS standards-relatedprograms. A more complete, general discussion of U.S.responsibilities and activities associated with the StandardsCode may be found in the Report to the United States Congress onthe Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade - "Standards Code "
(for the period 1983-1985, published in February 1986)
.
Highlights of 1987 included participation in the GATT StandardsCode meeting on information exchange and the ISONET workshop oninformation and international trade; publication of anintroduction to standardization, certification and laboratoryaccreditation; and background research for the Canadian FreeTrade Area Agreement.
Notifications
INQUIRY POINT
Signatories of the Standards Code must notify the GATTSecretariat of all proposed mandatory government regulations andcertification procedures that might significantly affectinternational trade. The Secretariat, in turn, disseminates thenotifications to all other signatories. As the official U.S.GATT inquiry point for information on standards and certificationactivities, SCI notifies the Secretariat of proposed U.S. FederalGovernment rules that might significantly affect trade.
1 The Standards Code requires that each signatory providean inquiry point to answer all requests for information abouttechnical regulations, standards, and rules of certification.
1
SCI also receives foreign notifications through the GATTSecretariat and disseminates them, along with supplementaryinformation, to appropriate U.S. companies and industry groups.SCI responds to inquiries about foreign and U.S. notifications,provides copies of the proposed regulations, and arranges forat-cost translations of foreign standards documents. SCI alsoassists in developing comments on the impact on U.S. industry ofproposed foreign regulations and transmits them to the foreigngovernment concerned.
In 1987 the GATT Secretariat issued 199 notifications. Twenty-one signatories reported at least one proposed regulation each(see Table I). Sweden had the most notifications with 32. Fiveother signatories - Canada, Finland, Japan, Norway, andPhilippines - each reported 10 or more proposed regulations.
The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) in Genevareceives notifications from the Secretariat and cables them tothe United States. The notifications, all of which are availablein English, include the name of the country proposing theregulation; assigned TBT/Notification number; a brief descriptionof the regulation; and the final date for comments. In order toprovide wide access to this information in the United States, allforeign notifications are published in the Commerce BusinessDaily and several other U.S. publications. SCI maintains acomputerized database on all GATT notifications and a telephoneGATT hotline where up-to-date notification information can beobtained. The hotline number is (301) 975-4041 (not toll free)
.
Proposed U.S. Regulations
All proposed U.S. Government rules (mandatory standards orcertification systems)
, including proposed revisions, arepublished in the Federal Register bv the responsible Federalagency. SCI staff regularly review the Register to identifythose proposed regulations that might significantly affect tradeand which, therefore, should be notified to the GATTSecretariat. Notices are sent directly to the GATT Secretariatvia telex.
In 1987, six proposed U.S. regulations were reported, originatingin the agencies shown on page 3 . The regulations covered suchproducts as motor vehicles, heaters, meat products and distilledspirits. (See Table II for agency and products.)
2
Agency No. of 1987 Notifs.
Agriculture, Department of (USDA) 1
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) 1
Energy, Department of (DOE) 1
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 1
National Highway TrafficSafety Administration (NHTSA) 1
Total 6
Proposed Foreign Regulations
The GATT Secretariat in 1987 issued 193 notifications fromcountries other than the United States. (See Table III.) Theforeign regulations covered a wide variety of products, includingtelecommunications equipment, food additives, motor vehicles,appliances, medical devices, and water meters. SCI maintains aKey-Word-Out-of-Context (KWOC) index for all products that arethe subject of foreign notifications. (See Appendix A for the1987 index.) (A KWOC is an indexing method in which keywords, inthis instance product names, appear as headings on a separateline.) The KWOC index is used to identify regulations that maybe of interest to individuals who have expressed interest inspecific products.
Foreign notifications are sent regularly by SCI to IndustryFunctional Advisory Committee (IFAC) members2 and several othergroups and specific individuals to serve their information needsand to allow them to disseminate this information to others. SCIsends copies of all foreign notifications to the AmericanNational Standards Institute for subsequent publication in theirbiweekly ANSI Reporter .
Inquiries
SCI responded to 291 domestic and foreign letter and telephonerequests for GATT notification information (246 U.S., 45 foreign)in 1987. Many requestors asked for copies of more than oneregulation. In addition to requests for specific regulations,many individuals asked for general information on the StandardsCode. SCI responds to such requests by sending an informationpackage consisting of the latest issue of its newsletter, tbtnews, a list of recent foreign notifications, brochures
2 The IFAC is comprised of government-appointedrepresentatives from private industry engaged in standards-related activities. It advises the Department of Commerce andUSTR on trade matters, the operation of any adopted tradeagreements and other subjects related to U.S. trade policy.
3
describing the Standards Code, and ordering information for theCommerce Business Daily .
In 1987, the regulations most often requested concernedtelecommunications equipment, electrical equipment, food productsand radiation emitting products. In addition, 443 individualscalled the GATT hotline for up-to-date information on foreignnotifications.
Translations
SCI requests the text of all proposed foreign regulations whichare subject of notification. Signatory countries are required tosupply copies of the regulations through their inquiry points.One hundred and five of the 186 regulations received in 1987 werein languages other than English. SCI coordinates a service toobtain an English translation of any requested proposed foreignlanguage regulation. The cost of translation is paid by therequestor; if more than one request is received for the sametranslation, the cost is divided equally among requestors. In1987, SCI received requests for translations of nine regulations.SCI also coordinated the translation of 11 other standards-related documents.
STANDARDS INFORMATION
The National Center for Standards and Certification Information(NCSCI
)is the national repository for standards documentation.
NCSCI supports GATT inquiry point activities by supplyinginformation concerning both domestic and foreign standardsinformation. The information center, which was established in1965, provides government, industry and the public withinformation on standards, regulations, certification programs andrelated activities that affect trade and commerce.
NCSCI maintains a microform and/or hard copy collection ofengineering standards and specifications, test methods,regulations, certification rules, directories, reference booksand special publications. NSCSI staff responded to more than4,000 requests in 1987 from all over the world on the existence,source and availability of standards and related documents.NCSCI also responds to trade-related queries regardingregulations or other requirements imposed by foreign countriesthat affect the export of U.S. manufactured products.
In 1987, NCSCI published, The ABC's of Standards-RelatedActivities in the United States (NBSIR 87-3576) . This documentis designed as an introduction to standardization, certification,and laboratory accreditation for those not fully familiar withthese fields and their interrelationships.
4
In October, NCSCI staff participated in the fourth meeting oninformation exchange held in conjunction with the GATT Committeeon Technical Barriers to Trade. Experts on information exchange,representing 25 signatories to the Standards Code, discussedgeneral issues and specific problems concerning the operation ofGATT inquiry points and procedures for information exchange.Center staff also participated in two International Organizationfor Standardization (ISO) meetings: the ISO Information Network(ISONET) workshop on information and international trade; and the19th meeting of the ISO Information Committee (INFCO)
.
TECHNICAL OFFICE
The SCI program provides technical support to individualsconcerned with non-agricultural products. This support includesa) assistance to U.S. exporters on specific technically basedstandards-related trade issues; b) assistance to theInternational Trade Administration and USTR in developingtechnical background for bilateral and multilateral discussionswith representatives from other Code signatories; c) monitoringthe level of U.S. participation in international standardizationactivities; and d) coordinating comments on proposed foreignregulations
.
Assistance to Industry
Technical office staff work closely with U.S. industryrepresentatives to address standards-related trade problems andto develop a technical basis for negotiated resolutions.Technical staff obtain and, when appropriate, analyze standardsinformation to provide rationale for foreign regulatory actions.In some cases, analyses are aimed at answering specificquestions.
The technical office provided technical support to the Office ofthe U.S. Trade Representative for the U.S. -Canada Free Trade Area(FTA) Agreement. An FTA on "Technical Standards" significantlyadds obligations already in place under the Standards Code andwould increase trade opportunities for U.S. manufacturerstesting facilities, and certification bodies.
The results of a study examining the level of U.S. participationin selected international standardization activities werepublished as NBSIR 88-3698, A Review of U.S. Participation inInternational Standards Activities . The report describes therole of international standards, their increasing importance inworld trade, and the extent of past and current U.S.participation in two major international standardization bodies -
the International Organization for Standardization and theInternational Electrotechnical Commission.
5
Technical office staff participated in two workshops on thetechnical and operational details of new cooperative agreementsfor product safety certification to facilitate U.S. exporters inEurope and Japan. ETL Testing Laboratories (New York) and TUVRheinland (West Germany) developed a cooperative agreement forthe mutual recognition of product approvals and follow-upinspection functions faced by U.S. producers exporting toEuropean markets. The initial agreement applies to electricalappliances and equipment. Underwriters Laboratories (UL) andJapan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)entered into an agreement whereby UL has been designated as anofficial foreign agent to conduct examinations and certify U.S.manufactured electrical appliances for sale in Japan. Thesemeasures significantly reduce many of the geographical,linguistic, cost and time delay factors that previously facedU.S. exporters in Japan.
Technical office staff contacted U.S. companies exportingtelecommunications products and systems, and agencies involved intelecommunication activities to assess alleged unreasonabletechnical trade barriers instituted by major European tradingpartners. A report, Barriers Encountered by U.S. Exporters ofTelecommunications Equipment (NBSIR 87-3641) , describesexperiences of U.S. exporters and examples of Europeanrequirements and practices which affect U.S. telecommunicationequipment exports. The report also discusses the benefit ofharmonization by the European Community (EC) of their nationaltelecommunication standards with international standards into aregional system which could mean the mandatory adoption ofregional standards by all EC member countries, which could promptthe acceptance of test results for conformity among EC members.
Comment Handling
A major objective of the Standards Code is to allow exporters andgovernment agencies to comment on proposed foreign regulationswhich they feel would unjustifiably impede exports. SCI providesthe text of proposed foreign regulations to all interestedparties in the United States and encourages the submission ofcomments if the regulation appears to create unnecessary tradebarriers. SCI transmits comments to the appropriate foreigngovernment and coordinates any follow-up activity. In 1987, SCIreceived and processed formal comments on four foreignregulations: Germany - telecommunication equipment (87.75 and87.153); Italy - cosmetics (87.59); and Japan - medical devices(87.18). Additional informal comments are frequently made byindustry representatives who become aware of proposedregulations, often even before they are officially notifiedthrough the GATT. Some representatives use the notificationsystem mainly as a back-up to ensure awareness of foreigndevelopments
.
6
Comment Periods
To provide signatories with adequate time to receive the text ofa regulation (and to have it translated if necessary) , review itand prepare comments, the Standards Code recommends a commentperiod of at least 60 days. If the comment period isinsufficient (e.g., due to late receipt of an English version orcomplicated technical issues) , the technical office will requestthat the issuing country extend the comment period. In 1987,four such requests were made to and granted by the notifyingParty. Many extensions are requested so that individuals cantranslate and study the regulation without necessarily indicatingan intention to comment.
The average length of the comment period 3 in 1987 was 48 days forU.S. regulations and 45 days for foreign regulations. Theaverage length of the comment period by U.S. agency is shownbelow.
BATF 32 daysDOE 49 daysEPA 47 daysFDA 47 daysNHTSA 54 daysUSDA 49 days
Comment period for foreign regulations ranged from none at all to122 days. The average length of comment period by country was:
Austria 12 days India 26 daysBelgium 43 days Italy 48 daysCanada 27 days Japan 66 daysCzechoslovakia 0 days Netherlands 60 daysDenmark 41 days New Zealand 30 daysEEC 63 days Norway 36 daysFinland 43 days Philippines 46 daysFrance 36 days Sweden 59 daysGermany 74 days Switzerland 59 daysHong Kong 67 days United Kingdom 42 days
CONCLUSION
SCI continues to work with U.S. industry to assist in solvingstandards-related trade problems and to assure wide distributionof relevant notifications of proposed foreign regulations whichmight affect trade. Requests for further information, suggestions
3 Number of calendar days between the date the notificationwas issued by the GATT Secretariat and the closing date forcomments.
7
on how the service might be made more useful, or comments onsubjects covered in this report should be directed to:
Office of Standards Code and InformationNational Bureau of StandardsAdministration Building, Room A629Gaithersburg, MD 20899(301) 975-4037
For specific standards-related information from NCSCI, call (301)975-4040.
For up-to-date information on foreign proposed regulations, callthe GATT Hotline (301) 975-4041.
8
STANDARDS CODE SIGNATORIES
Argentina (a) JapanAustria KoreaBelgium Luxembourg (b)
Brazil (b) Mexico (c)
Canada NetherlandsChile (b) New ZealandCzechoslovakia NorwayDenmark Pakistan (b)
Egypt (b) PhilippinesEuropean Economic Portugal (b)
Community (EEC) RomaniaFinland Rwanda (c)
France SingaporeFederal Republic of SpainGermany Sweden
Greece (c) SwitzerlandHong Kong TunisiaHungary United KingdomIndia United StatesIreland Yugoslavia (b)
Italy
(a) - the country has not yet ratified the Standards Code and hasnot reported any proposed regulations to the GATT Secretariat.(b) - the country has not reported any proposed regulations tothe GATT Secretariat.(c) - the country has not established an inquiry point forstandards information and has not reported any proposedregulations to the GATT Secretariat.
9
TABLE I
Notifying Countries andNumber of GATT Notifications Issued in 1587
Signatory
AustriaBelgiumCanadaCzechoslovakiaDenmarkEECFinlandFranceGermanyHong KongIndiaItalyJapanNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPhilippinesSwedenSwitzerlandUnited KingdomUnited States
Number ofNotifications
7
5
243
6
4
192
4
1
5
1
301
9
1910327
4
6
Total 199
TABLE II
List of U.S. Notifications
TBT/NOTIF. H AGENCY PRODUCT
87 . 2687.3187 . 4987.6187 . 12487.138
EPA (246)*NHTSA( 247
)
DOE (248)FDA (249)USDA (250)BATF (251)
WOOD HEATERSMOTOR VEHICLESDISHWASHERSCARBONATED BEVERAGESMEAT OR POULTRY PRODUCTSWINE AND DISTILLED SPIRITS
CONTROL NUMBER
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YARNS
NBS-1 14A (REV. 2-80
U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATASHEET (See / n struct ion s)
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
PUBLICATION ORREPORT NO.
NBSIR 88-37
2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Date
4 7March 1988
GATT STANDARDS CGDE ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1987
5. AUTHOR(S)
JoAnne R. Overman
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS, see in struction s) 7. Contract/Grant No.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDSU.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 3. Type of Report & Period Covered
GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 Annual
9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City. State. ZIP)
10.
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
1
Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.
11.
ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. I f document includes a significantbibliography or literature survey, mention it here)
This report describes the GATT Standards Code activities conducted by the Office
of Standards Code and Information, National Bureau of Standards (NBS) ,for
calendar year 1987. NBS responsibilities include operating the U.S. GATT inquiry
point for information on standards and certification activities; notifying the
GATT Secretariat of proposed U.S. Federal government standards-based rules that
might significantly affect trade; assisting U.S. industry with standards-relatedtrade problems; and responding to inquiries about proposed foreign and U.S.
technical regulations.12.
KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries ; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolons)
GATT Standards Code; notifications; proposed foreign regulations; standards
information; technical assistance
13. AVAILABILITY 14. NO. OFPRINTED PAGES
| X Unl imited
[ |For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS
H Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.20402.
31
15. Price
|X 1
Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161 $11.95
USCOMM-OC 8043-P80