Gasoline Analysis
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Transcript of Gasoline Analysis
{Gasoline Analysis
By: Travis Slaysman and Drew Landerman
Urushiol extraction
Gasoline Comparison
Octane Rating
Brainstorming
Sample Acquisition
Standard Creation
Sample Dilution
Methodology
Standard Running
Sample Running
Experimentation
Spectrum Development
Peak Determination
Data
Standard Formula Boiling PointCyclohexane C6H12 80.7°CHeptane C7H16 98.4°COctane C8H18 125°CNonane C9H20 151°CDecane C10H22 174.1°CBenzene C6H6 80.1°CEthanol C2H6O 78.4°CToluene C7H8 110.6°C
Peak Comparison
Mass Spec. Utilization
Sample Spectrum Comparison
Analysis
Octane Rating is based on comparison with the burning characteristics of a mixture of n-heptane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane).
Gasoline that isn’t formulated properly can lead to engine knocking and increase the incidence of incomplete combustion, resulting in increased carbon monoxide production.
Octane Rating Formulation
Decane in Cyclohexane
Cyclohexane
Octane in Cyclohexane
Toluene in Cyclohexane
Retention Times
Hydrocarbon Retention Time (min)Hexane 2.561Heptane 1.916Octane 2.35Nonane 4.212Decane 5.275
Benzene 4.113Toluene 2.609
Cyclohexane 1.8291,2,4-Trimethyl benzene ~4.82
1,2,3,5-tetramethyl benzene ~5.79o-xylene & p-xylene ~5.2
Volatile organic sample evaporation
Purity of the reagents we used
Mass Spec Utilization
Sources of Error
As the octane rating went up, the alkane concentrations became smaller, as we expected.
Toluene, Benzene and related compounds became more concentrated as octane rating went up.
Cyclohexane was also increasing in concentration as the octane rating went up.
Royal Farms seemed to have cleaner chromatograms than Wawa did, this could be due to possible detergents and other additives put in the gasoline.
Conclusions