Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2....

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UNIT 8 Gas Variables

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Transcript of Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2....

Page 1: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

UNIT 8Gas Variables

Page 2: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

Pressure

1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container.

2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or area changes pressure.

3. Units: 1 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760 mm Hg (torr) = 14.7 lbs/in2 (psi)

Page 3: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

Volume

1. Determined by space between molecules. Molecules themselves are assumed to have no volume.

2. As molecules bounce more vigorously, spacing widens.

3. Units: mL, liters

Page 4: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

Temperature

1. Directly proportional to average kinetic energy of molecules: 1⁄2mv2 = cT

2. Must be Kelvin for gas law calculations.

Page 5: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

Amount

1. Perhaps surprisingly, number, not mass, of molecules determines gas properties.

2. Moles.

Page 6: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

Avogadro’s Law: Volume and Number of moles are directly proportional.

Minor Gas Laws

Page 7: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

Avogadro’s Law: Volume and Number of moles are directly proportional.

Minor Gas Laws

Page 8: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

Avogadro’s Law: Volume and Number of moles are directly proportional.

Minor Gas Laws

V1n1

V2n2

Page 9: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume are inversely proportional.

Minor Gas Laws

Page 10: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume are inversely proportional.

Minor Gas Laws

V1P1 V2P2

Page 11: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

Charles’ Law: Volume and Temperature are directly proportional.

Minor Gas Laws

Page 12: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

Charles’ Law: Volume and Temperature are directly proportional.

Minor Gas Laws

V1T1

V2T2

Page 13: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

Dalton’s Law: Pressure and Number of moles are directly proportional.

Minor Gas Laws

P1n1

P2n2

Page 14: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature are directly proportional.

Minor Gas Laws

P1T1

P2T2

Page 15: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

In summary…

Minor Gas Laws

Page 16: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

The five minor gas laws can be combined by focusing on the one law that is different…

Combining the Gas Laws

Boyle’s LawP1V1=P2V2

P1n1

P2n2

P1T1

P2T2

V1n1

V2n2

V1T1

V2T2

Page 17: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

This is called the COMBINED GAS LAW.

Combining the Gas Laws

V1P1n1T1

V2P2n2T2

Page 18: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

OR, if only one set of data exists, a single useful equation results…

The Ideal Gas Laws

Page 19: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

When the five minor gas laws are combined, a single useful equation results…

The Ideal Gas Laws

In this equation,

•P should be in atm

•V should be in liters

•n should be in moles

•T should be in Kelvin

•R is the gas constant…

0.0821 atm Lmol K

Page 20: Gas Variables. Pressure 1. Caused by collisions between molecules and the walls of container. 2. Force per unit area; changing force of collisions or.

IGL assumes two things1. molecules have zero volume2. intermolecular attractions are zero

The Ideal Gas Laws


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