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Transcript of Gas Transport
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Gases Gases TransportationTransportation
Gases Gases TransportationTransportation
by Assist Prof Chote Werawong
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Oxygen Oxygen transporttransportOxygen Oxygen transporttransport
5Dissolve in plasma % 0.003 x Po2 = 0.3 ml O2/dL of blood
99995% 1.34 x Hb x Saturation
1.34 x 15 x 100% = 20 ml O2/dL of blood
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Red blood cell Red blood cell and hemoglobinand hemoglobinRed blood cell Red blood cell
and hemoglobinand hemoglobin Red blood cell Red blood cell - size : - size : 75 8. micron (cap = ) 75 8. micron (cap = ) - shape : - shape : 9999, 120 9999, 120 - number : - number : 54 48M = . , F = . (million/micr 54 48M = . , F = . (million/micr
) ) Hb Hb 29 = 900pg in each RBC gm in male 29 = 900pg in each RBC gm in male Hb Hb 991 :1.39 991 :1.39 Hb 15 gm Hb 15 gm 99= 20.1 / 100 99= 20.1 / 100
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- - 4HbA : heme (globin Fe 2+ 9 99999) + - 99999 9 99999:+ - 9 9999:1
Hb + O2
-- > HbO2
= (oxyhemoglobin)
HbO2
---- > Hb + O2
(deoxyhemoglobin)
99 2 -- > Fe 3+ (methemoglobin = HbM)
9- : inccol l oi dosmoti c P, l oss f romfi l trati on
Hemoglobin = Hb Hemoglobin = Hb ( (cont)cont)
Hemoglobin = Hb Hemoglobin = Hb ( (cont)cont)
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Hemoglobin = Hb Hemoglobin = Hb ( (cont)cont)
Hemoglobin = Hb Hemoglobin = Hb ( (cont)cont)
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Oxygen saturation
= (O2
bound to Hb/ O2
capacity of Hb) x 100%
100 15blood ml = gm Hb
1 gm Hb = 1.3 9 ml O2
(O2
sat = 100%
)
blood 100 ml = 15 x 1.39 = 20.1 ml/dL
Oxygen Oxygen hemoglobin hemoglobin
dissociation curvedissociation curve
Oxygen Oxygen hemoglobin hemoglobin
dissociation curvedissociation curve
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Oxygen hemoglobin Oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve dissociation curve (con (con
t)t)
Oxygen hemoglobin Oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve dissociation curve (con (con
t)t)
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Oxygen hemoglobin Oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve dissociation curve (con (con
t)t)
Oxygen hemoglobin Oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve dissociation curve (con (con
t)t)
1Slow st -- 4Hb > rd 20Hb time
- 20 50 9mmHg = steep region
0%HbO2
- 50 100mmHg = plateau region
9999999 99999 P50 - 2628= mmHg
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H+ &pH(Bohr’seffect)
CO2
+H2
-- O > H2
CO3
-- > H+ + HCO3
-
Temperature
2 ,3 diphosphaglycerate - (2,3DPG,DPG1
)
blood transfusion 15 mol/Hb 1 gm
HbF<HbA
Affinity of Hb for oxy Affinity of Hb for oxygengen
Affinity of Hb for oxy Affinity of Hb for oxygengen
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Carbonmonaxide = CO 210( time o
f oxygex)
- -- : Hb + CO > HbCO (carboxyhemoglobin)
Anemia
Affinity of Affinity of HbHb for oxygen for oxygen(cont)(cont)
Affinity of Affinity of HbHb for oxygen for oxygen(cont)(cont)
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Myoglobin = Mb (5 time of Hb)
Affinity of Affinity of HbHb for oxygen for oxygen(cont)(cont)
Affinity of Affinity of HbHb for oxygen for oxygen(cont)(cont)
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-510Dissolve in plasma %
00006. ml/mmHg of CO2
99 99999/
9 9 99 999994 6 = 2 .5 /1 0 0
9 9 99 999994 0 = 2 .0 /1 0 0
9 92
- 480100 42 201exp = ( . )/ x . = ml/min
CarbondioxidCarbondioxid e transportati e transportati
onon
CarbondioxidCarbondioxid e transportati e transportati
onon
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Carbondioxide tr Carbondioxide transportationansportation (cont)(cont)
Carbondioxide tr Carbondioxide transportationansportation (cont)(cont)
- 1030Proteinbinding % (carbamino compound)
-R NH2
+ CO2
-- > H+ - -+ R NH COO-
9 9999999999 (> 100 sec)
( 1 3 , 0 0 0 )
9 + -- 9999999999 9999999+ > ( )
9 + + HbO 2 -- > HHb + O2
(Bohr’s effect)
99- -- = chloride shift > inc osmotic P
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Carbondioxide di Carbondioxide di ssociation curve ssociation curve
Carbondioxide di Carbondioxide di ssociation curve ssociation curve
Bohr
H+ + HbO 2 +CO2
------------- < >HHbCO2
+O2
Haldane
-- Haldane effect > pulm capillary -- Haldane effect > pulm capillary
-- Bohr effect > tissue -- Bohr effect > tissue
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Carbondioxide di Carbondioxide di ssociation curve ssociation curve
Carbondioxide di Carbondioxide di ssociation curve ssociation curve
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Volatile acid ( 24000, meq/l)
Non volatile acid or fixed acid 50(meq/l)
H2
SO4
- 999 99999 9- 99999999: :
lactic acid
H3
PO4
- : phospholipid
- HCl : stomach
- Ketoacid: fatty aci d
pHpHpHpH
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Buffer
Ventilation
Kidney
HH++ regulation regulationHH++ regulation regulation
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1. bicarbonate system (HCO3
- & H2
CO3
)
H2
CO3
-- > CO2
+ H2
O
mass action law - : K = [H+][HCO3
- ] / [H2
CO3
]
9999 999 pH = pK+ log [HCO3
- ] / [H2
CO3
]
pH = pK + log [HCO3
- ] / sol co 2 9 9992
BufferBufferBufferBuffer
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Buffer Buffer (cont(cont.).)
Buffer Buffer (cont(cont.).)
AA BB CC DD EE
HCO3- 24 24 24 10 40
Pco2 40 20 70 40 40
pHpH 7.407.40 7.707.70 7.157.15 7.027.02 7.627.62
AA BB CC DD EE
HCO3- 24 24 24 10 40
Pco2 40 20 70 40 40
pHpH 7.407.40 7.707.70 7.157.15 7.027.02 7.627.62
pH = pK + log [HCO3
- ] / sol co 2 xPco
2
pH = pK + log [HCO3
- ] / sol co 2 xPco
2
pk = 6.1, sol CO2
003= . 61pk = . , sol CO2
003= .
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Buffer Buffer (con(cont.)t.)
Buffer Buffer (con(cont.)t.)
2. phosphate system (H2
PO4
- & HPO4
=)
3. plasma protein -R NH
2 -- > H+ -+ R NH-
4. hemoglobin H+ -- + Hb > HHb (isodydric effect)
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- pH= 7.35 7.45(7.4)
acidosis, alkalosis
Po2
- = 8 0 1 0 0 ( )
Pco2
- 35 45 40= mmHg ( )
hypercapnea, hypocapnea (+ -- 10 0 08mmHg > pH . )
999999 HCO3
- - 2226= meq/l
metabolic acidosis, alkalosis
Arterial blood Arterial blood gasesgases
Arterial blood Arterial blood gasesgases
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Respiratory acidosis- hypoventilation, CNS depr essant
- increase reabsop HCO3
- , secret H+
Respiratory alkalosis- hyperventilation- increase reabsop H+ , secret HCO
3
-
Acid-base Acid-base imbalanceimbalanceAcid-base Acid-base imbalanceimbalance
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- Acid base imbalan- Acid base imbalancece (cont) (cont)
- Acid base imbalan- Acid base imbalancece (cont) (cont)
Metabolic acidosis
- anaerobic, ketoacidosis, acid intake
- increase respiratory rate
Metabolic alkalosis- vomiting, base intake, drug
- decrease respiratory rate
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Exercise Exercise II
Exercise Exercise II
AA B B C C D D E E
HCO3- 24 24 24 10 40
Pco2 40 20 70 40 40
Po2 100 120 70 110 80
pH 7.40 7.70 7.15 7.02 7.62
status normal R. Al. R. Ac. M. Ac.
M .Al.
AA B B C C D D E E
HCO3- 24 24 24 10 40
Pco2 40 20 70 40 40
Po2 100 120 70 110 80
pH 7.40 7.70 7.15 7.02 7.62
status normal R. Al. R. Ac. M. Ac.
M .Al.
What is his acid base
status?
What is his acid base
status?
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Exercise Exercise IIII
Exercise Exercise IIII
AA B B C C D D E E
HCO3- 24 12 42 40 10
Pco2 60 20 70 10 65
Po2 70 120 70 110 65
pH 7.22 7.40 7.40 8.22 6.81
AA B B C C D D E E
HCO3- 24 12 42 40 10
Pco2 60 20 70 10 65
Po2 70 120 70 110 65
pH 7.22 7.40 7.40 8.22 6.81