Gary Hegland Associate Research Fellow Small Urban & · PDF fileGary Hegland Associate...
Transcript of Gary Hegland Associate Research Fellow Small Urban & · PDF fileGary Hegland Associate...
Gary HeglandAssociate Research Fellow
Small Urban & Rural Transit CenterNorth Dakota State University
Fargo, North Dakota
What is our primary purpose in
conducting training in the transit
environment?
“What I hear, I forget;What I see, I remember;But what I do I understand.”
-Confucius, 451 BC
0 20 40 60 80 100
Read
Hear
See
Hear & See
Say
Say & Do
Retention
Retention
For teaching—Knowledge ◦ To facilitate a good discussion& disseminate
information
For training—Skill ◦ To demonstrate the proper techniques
1___________________________2.___________________________3.___________________________4.___________________________5.___________________________6.___________________________7.___________________________8.___________________________9.___________________________10.__________________________
Know your subject and prepare wellProvide relevant instructionCreate a safe learning environmentUse a variety of teaching methodsEvaluate constructivelyBe sensitive to individual concerns and responsive to feedback
Listening
Evaluation
Variety
Knowledge & Preparation
Relevance
Safety
Interactivity
◦ The Six P’s of an Effective Presentation
Proper Presentation and Practice, Prevents Poor Performance
“People are born with intrinsic motivation, self-esteem, dignity, curiosity to learn, joy in learning.”
-Dr. Edwards Deming
Why have we lost it?-Taught primary by lecture-Taught in extremely large groups-Tested, threatened & shamed…
1. As a person matures, his/her self-concept moves from that of a dependent personality toward one of a self-directing human being.
2. An adult accumulates a growing reservoir of experiences, which is a rich resource for learning.
3. The readiness of the adult to learn is closely related to the developmental task of his/her social role.
4. There is a change in time perspective as people mature from future application of knowledge to immediacy of application. An adult is more problem-centered than subject-centered in learning.
Self-directedConditioned by life experienceProblem-centeredMotivated by self-interest
If adults recognize that a learning activity is relevant and will benefit them in a tangible way, they will set aside their resistance to learning.
Make certain that what we teach our students will further their
personal or professional goals
Create an environment where adult learners feel comfortable & safe…or they will
◦ Fight◦ Flee◦ Freeze
If any of this happens…there will be no learning
Discuss handouts
* Demonstration* Simulation* Anecdotes & scenarios* Writing exercise* Small group discussion* Interactive lecture* Audio/visual
Is the most common teaching method◦ take your time
◦ be thorough
◦ you must pace yourself
◦ allow time for practice
Is an exercise in duplication
Role playing
An airplane simulator
Wheel chair tie-down
Anecdotes: describes a real-life situation that sheds light on the instructional material
Scenarios: convey information & test knowledge
Effective way to get students to organization their thoughts
To conduct group discussion you must understand the principle of group dynamics
Forming◦ The initial stage when members come together
Storming◦ When the participants recognize the value of the session
Norming◦ When individual issues are resolve & individuals start working
togetherPerforming
◦ Final stage, the group functions as a unit and they work together productively
This promotes involvement by:Prepare thoroughly, use note cards, do not readSpeak loud, clear, slowly so everyone understandsAvoid turning your back to the audienceDon’t create or allow distractionsUse body movement to keep people’s attention & focusPay attention to group dynamicsHave fun, but be instructive.
The skills of seeking an interactive audience
Encourage interaction and questionsRespond very well to the first questionObserve non-verbal behaviorRemind group there is no stupid questionParaphrase question before answeringPause after calling for questionsNever ask for questions just prior to breaksDon’t imply that you are rushed for time!
Videos & PowerPoint presentations must be high qualityDon’t put all your information in the PowerPoint and read to the classChose videos that are relevant, innovative, visually pleasing, and memorable
GuidelinesBe objective, don’t favor friendsUse the C-R-C Method
give one or two Commendations then one or two Recommendations finally a strong Commendation
Display honesty & sincerity Regardless of quality,
be professional build confidenceshow respect
Even instructors have 2 ears and 1 mouthBe prepared to hear some criticismEncourage feedback to improve your performanceConsider conversation, body language, and innuendos
There are six principles to effective to professional trainingMake presentation relevant and problem solvingCreate and environment conducive to learning
Always use more than one method of teaching in every teaching situation.Be honest, careful & constructive in your evaluationsListen to your students