1. Regulations to be followed when dissecting: Safety glasses, latex gloves, a lab coat, rinse the specimen carefully, and use the sharp instruments with caution.

(1) What general terminology (list & define) should one be familiar with before beginning a cat dissection?

Lateral-Towards the side Medial-toward the midline Proximal- Near or toward the point of reference ( e.g. midline of body). Distal- away from the point of reference ( e.g. midline of body). Dorsal- toward the back Ventral- Toward the belly Anterior (Cranial)- Towards the head Posterior (Caudal)-Towards the tail Sagittal plane- divides the body or organs into left and right portions. A mid- saggittal section has equal right and left halves. Median Sagittal plane- divides the body into equal right and left halves Transverse Plane- Perpendicular to the long axis. All sections cut along transverse planes are cross sections. Frontal Plane- divides the body into dorsal and ventral portions.

Unit one- External Features- 10 points

(1) List two interesting observations/discoveries. Two interesting discoveries that we made from contemplating our cat was as followed: The cat was skinned and did not have a tail.

(2) Define: Vibrissae, Pinnae, ToriVibrissae- long hairs around its eyes stout, mouth and cheeks.Pinnae- external ear structuresTori- found on the undersurface of the foot are epidermal thickenings called friction pads.

Unit two- The Skeleton- 29 points

(1) #2 Describe the movement allowed by the axis-to-atlas joint and the atlas-to-skull joint. The movement from axis-to-atlas is rotation of the neck and atlas-to-skull is nodding. # 4 Give the articulating surfaces for the following forelimb joints: shoulder, elbow, wrist. The Scapula of the cat articulates with the humerus bone. The elbow articulates with the radius and the ulna. The wrist articulates with the metacarpals.#5 Give the articulating surfaces for the following hind limb joints: hip, knee, ankle. The hip articulates with the femur. The knee articulates with the fibula. The ankle articulates with the phalanges.

(2) Explain the differences between the axial and appendicular skeleton in terms of Structures and functions. The axial skeleton balances the head at the end of the Vertebral column. The axial consist of the skull, mandible, vertebral column, ribs

And sternum. The appendicular is the pectoral girdle, forelimbs, pelvic girdle and Hind limbs and also helps in movement.

Unit Three- The Muscles (& Endocrine/Lymphatic Systems)- 55 points

(1) List two interesting observations/discoveries.Our cat has four layers of muscles and it’s interesting how different colors can be on different layers of muscles.

(2) Define: tendon, aponeurosis, origin, insertionTendon- A collagenous band that connects a skeletal muscle to an element of the skeleton.Aponeurosis- A broad tendinous sheet that may serve as the origin or insertion of a skeletal muscle.Origin- In a skeletal muscle, the point of attachment which does not change position when the muscle contracts; usually defined in terms of movements from the anatomical position.Insertion- A point of attachment of a muscle; the end that is easily movable.

(3)

(4) Define: Superficial fascia- Outer layers of fibrous tissue covering and separating

Muscles. (5) Endocrine System/Lymphatic System- Explain the purpose of both thyroid gland And the lymph node. The thyroid gland controls how quickly the body burns energy, makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones. It is connected to the pituitary gland which produces the hormones regulating homeostasis needed by your body.

The lymph node: The lymph node is an important part of your immune system. Your lymph node filters fluids, catching viruses, bacteria, and other unknown materials. Then your unique white blood cells destroy the unwanted materials.

(6) Describe how the endocrine system works as one of the two major controlling systems in the body. Be sure to discuss its means of communication, length of effect, and response time. In addition, outline an example of a feedback mechanism involving the endocrine system.

(7) Explain the interrelationship between the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. In addition, list the main structures of the lymphatic system and their function

Unit Four- The Digestive System- 85 points

(1) Answer the Questions & Activities- #3 #3 Cut open the stomach and describe its internal appearance.

(2) List three interesting observations/discoveries. (3) Diagram the Digestive System