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VOL. 01

RsavRCavedayviTüasSanEx μredÍm,IlT§iRbCaFibetyü

karvívtþénlT§iRbCaFibetyü

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mUlniFi xunra¨d GadíneNAEG‘r RB¼raCaNacRkkm<úCa

GMBImUlniFi xunr¨ad GadíneNAEG‘rmUlniFi xunr¨ad GadineNAEG‘rKWCamUlniFineyaáymYyrbs´RbeTsGaløWm¨g´ehIyeQμa¼rbs´mUlniFi KWCaeQμa¼rbs´elakGFikarbtIdMbUgénRbeTsGaløWm¨g´bnÞab´BIs®g:amelakelIkTIBIr. mUlniFi xunr¨ad GadineNAEG‘r pþl´CUnnUvkar Rbwkßa karbNþú¼bNþal sþIBIGPiálkic©lðCamYynwgTsßnvis&yCMruj[mansSab&nneyaáyRbCaFibetyü nigeKalneyaáyepßg@. mUlniFi xunr¨adGadineNAEG‘r eFVIskmμPaBenAkñúg120RbeTsTUTaMgBiPBelak. Bak´kNþalénskmμPaBTaMgGs´rbs´mUlniFi RtUváneFVIy¨agx¢ab´x¢ÜnenAkñúgRbeTsGaløWm¨g´.kariyal&yenARbeTskm<úCaánbeg;IteTLIgenAqñaM1994. édKUrbs´mUlniFirYmmanrdæsPa RBwT§sPa TIsþIkarKN£rdæm®nþI RksYgmhaépÞ nigRksYgCMnajmYycMnYn bkßneyaáyEdlmanGsn£kñúgrdæsPa RbB&n§pßBVpßay nigsg:msIuvildéTeTot. kñúgqñaMfμI@knøgeTAen¼ mUlniFiánepþatkarykcitþTukdak´CasMxan´KaMRTdl´vimCÄkarRbCaFibetyü.

kareá¼Bum<pßaysþIBIkarvivtþénlT§iRbCaFibetyüenAkñúgkarpßayelIken¼ mUlniFi xunr¨ad GadineNAEG‘r áncgRkgÉksarEdl Bak´B&n§ pþl´[BIkic©shRbtibtþikarCamYyédKUenAkm<úCatamkmμviFIkargarCMnaj nImYy@.

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©rkßasiT§i 2007 edaymUlniFi xunrad GadineNAEG‘r¿ RB¼raCaNacRkkm<úCa RsavRCaveday£ víTüasSanExμredÍm,IlT§iRbCaFibetyü eá¼Bum<eday£ mUlniFi xunra¨d GadíneNAEG‘r pÞ¼elx 4¿ pøÚvelx 462¿ x&NÐcMkarmn¿ RbGb´sMbuRtelx 944 PñMeBj¿ RB¼raCaNacRkkm<úCa TUrs&BÞ : (855-23) 213 363 / 726 221 TUrsar : (855-23) 213 364 GuIEm¨l : office@kas-cambodia.com eKhTMB&r : www.kas.de/kambodscha eá¼Bum<enARB¼raCaNacRkkm<úCa ISBN-13: 978-99950-880-0-2

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GarmÖkfa mankareá¼BumÖpßayCaeRcInsþIBIkargarrdæenAkñúgRkumRbwkßaXMu sg;at´enA

km<úCa cab´BIeBlEdlmankareá¼eqñattamEbbRbCaFibetyükñúgqñaM2002 edImLI eRCIserIsRkumRbwkßatamlkçxNÐRbCaFibetyü. karsikßamYycMnYnánRtUveFVIeTLIg bnÞab´BIdMeNIrkarénkarEkTMrg´áncab´epþIm. TaMgen¼ KWCakarbgHajnUvTMhMnigkar ykcitþTukdak´kñúgkarKaMRTrbs´RbeTskm<úCa nigGg:karbreTsEdlmaneKalbM Ngxus@KñakñúgkartMrg´Tis. cMNab´GarmμN_rbs´mUlniFi nigédKUr yl´ eXIjfa PaBrIkcMerInEdlTTYlántaMgBIqñaM2002 manlkçN£CaviC¢man. b¨uEnþvahak´enAmankarlMáknwgyl´BITMhMénkarEkTMrg´enAfñak´mUldæanen¼ nig CMrabbBaHaTaMgGs´en¼dl´Gñkmkkan´dMENgfμ I.

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CamYyráykarN_en¼mUlniFi xunr¨ad GadineNAEG‘r áncab´epþImcg RkgÉksartamkalevlanImYy@. kareroberogkMrgÉksaren¼ manTisedAEck

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rMElknUvTinñplkargarrbs´édKUr k_dUcCarbs´mUlniFi. ¹sgÇwmfakareá¼BumÖ Caes‘rIelIkTImYyen¼nwgTTYlánnUvkarsaTr nigbMeBjánnUvesckþIRtUvkar.

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Wolfgang MEYER tMNagRbcaMRbeTs mUlniFi xunr¨ad GadineNAEG‘r

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matika buBVkfa.......................................................................................................9 esckþIepþIm ...............................................................................................11

1/ karRbmUlTinñn&y .......................................................................12 2/ kic©smÖasn_CamYynwgsmaCikRkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´........................12 3/ sMnYrcMeBa¼smaCikRkumRbwkßaXMu..................................................13 4/ sMnYrcMeBa¼RbCaBlrdæ ............................................................... 14

tYnaTI Parkic© nig karTTYlxus®tUv........................................................ 15 smtSPaBkñúgkarGnuvt þvimCÄkar ..................................................................17

1/ karyl´dwgGMBIvimCÄkar ..............................................................17 2/ vK:bN þú¼Nþal.......................................................................... 19 3/ Gnusasn_sMrab´karbN þú¼bNþalnaeBlGnaKt ..........................22 4/ hirBaØvtSú ...................................................................................25

rcnasm<&n§ nig karRKb´RKgrdæál .........................................................30 1/ smaCikRkumRbwkßa®s þI.................................................................30 2/ kic©shRbt ibtþikarrvagKNbkßneyaáy.................................33 3/ karshkarCamYynwgemPUmi........................................................34 4/ dMeNa¼RsayCemøa¼ ...................................................................36

karcUlrYmrbs´RbCaBlrdæ.........................................................................39 1/ karcUlrYmrbs´RbCaBlrdæ .........................................................39 2/ Tsßn£rbs´RbCaBlrdæcMeBa¼karcUlrYm.......................................42 3/ sßn£rbs´RkumRbwkßaBIkarcUlrYm.................................................. 45

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EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©sg:m .................................................................... 48 1/ EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©sg:m ..................................................... 48 2/ Tsßn£rbs´RkumRbwkßa ................................................................52 3/ Tsßn£RbCaBlrdæcMeBa¼EpnkarGPivDÆn_..................................... 53

esck þIsnñidæan ..........................................................................................56

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buBVkfa vimCÇkarCarbt´pøÚvmYysMxan´Nas´ sMrab´RbeTskm<úCa enAeBlEdl

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viTüasSansgÇwmfaÉksaren¼ CakarrYmcMENkmYyenAkñúgkarCMruj[kan´ EtRbesIreTLIgnUvkarGnuvtþneyaáyvimCÄkar enAkñúgGaNtþiTIBIrénRkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´. viTüasSansUmEføgGMNrKuNy¨ageRColeRCA cMeBa¼mUlniFi xudr¨ad GadineNAEG‘rrbs´RbeTsGaløWm¨g´ Edlpþl´fvikadl´viTüasSanenAkñúgkarbNþú¼

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bNþalRkumRbWkßaXMu-sg;at´ nigRsþIebkçCnQreQμa¼RkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´ k_dUc CakareFVIkarRsavRCav nigeá¼BumÖÉksaren¼. sUmEføgGMNrKuNpgEdrdl´ smaCiksmaCikaRkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at ´Edlánpþl´karshkarCamYyviTüasSanenA kñúgkargarbNþú¼bNþal nigdUcCakarGnuBaØat[viTüasSanánCYbsmÖasn_ nigGñk Bak´B&n§ÉeTot CaBiesskBaØa Maria Fosnaes nig Sabine Hofer nisßitsklviTüal&y Aalborg RbeTsdaNWm¨ak EdlánrYmcMENkenAkñúg kareroberogÉksaren¼.

éN DINa nayikaRbtibtþi viTüasSanExμredImLIlTi§RbCaFibetyü

11

esckþIepþIm

eKalbMNgénráykarN_en¼ KWeFVIkarvaytMélBIdMeNIrkarénkarGnuvtþ neyaáyvimCÄkar nigkarbMeBjParkic©rbs´RkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´kñúgGMlugeBl RáMqñaMdMbUgénGaNt þiTImYy. edaysarmankarvaytMélCaTUeTAmYyrbsKNkmμa FikarCatiKaMRTXMu-sg;at BIkargarrbs´RkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´áneFVIeT,IgehIyena¼ ehIykarvaytémøena¼minánep þatTUlMTUlay viTüasSanánepþatelIcMnucRáMdUc xageRkamen¼ . karvaytMélen¼maneKalbMngeFVIkarbriyayy¨aglðitlðn´ BIkarbMeBjParkic©rbs´RkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´. lT§plEdlánbgHajnaeBlen¼ ánEpðkelIkarRbmUlTinñn&ykñúgraCFanIPñMeBj RBmTaMgenAext þtaEkv nigkMBt. kareRCIserIsext þTaMgen¼ KWedaysarviTüasSanmanTMnak´TMngshRbt ibt þikarGs´ ry£eBlyUrmkehIyCamYynwgXMukñúgext þTaMgena¼.

karvaytMélen¼ánep þatelIcMnuc5dUcxageRkam £ 1- tYnaTI Parkic© nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs´RkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´ 2- smtSPaB niiglT§PaBkñúgdMeNIrkarGnuvt þvimCÄkar 3- rcnasm<&n§ nigkarRKb´RKgrdæálrbs´RkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´ 4- karcUlrYm nigkaryl´dwgrbs´RbCaBlrdæGMBIdMeNIrkarvimCÄkar 5- EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©sg:m dMeNIrkar nigkarGPivDÆn_ cMeBa¼EpñknImYy@ karvaytMélnwgep þatelIkarRbQmmuxTaMgT,ayEdl

RkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´CYbRbT¼ nig}T§iBléndMeNIrkarvimCÄkarcMeBa¼RkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´. eKalbMNgénkarviPaKen¼ KWedIm,Iányl´dwgEfmeTotBIdMeNIrkar

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vimCÄkar nigp þl´CaGnusasn__CaTUeTAedIm,ICMrujeGaykan´EtRbesIrnUvdMeNIrkar vimCÄkarenAkm<úCa.

1- karRbmUlTinñn&y edaysarkarvaytMélen¼ Tak´Tgy¨agCitsñiT§eTAnwgkaryl´dwgrbs´Bl rdæGMBIvimCÄkar RkumRsavRCaváneFVIkarRsg´Tinñn&ytamkarsmÖasn_CamYysmaCik RkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´cMnYn9sg;at´enAkñúgRkugPñMeBj nig18XMuenAtamext þ. CamYy Kñaena¼Edr RkumRsavRCavánsmÖasn_CamYysmaCikRkumRbwkßa eRcInnak´kñúgXMu-sg;at´nImYy@ edIm,IeGayBYkeKGacbgHajnUvTsßn£GMBIkargarRkumRbwkßaXMusg;at´. enAkñúgeKalKMniten¼ viTüasSanánCUnCasMnYrsmÖasn_dl´smaCikRkumRbwkßa 3nak´ enAkñúgXMu-sg;at´nImYy@ bEnSmelIkarsmÖasn_CamYyemXMu-ecAsg;at´. Casrub viTüasSanánsMnYrTaMgGs´cMnYn68 BIsmaCikRkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´. viTüasSank¾eFVIkarsÞab´sÞg´mtiCamYynwgsaFarNCncMnYn271nak´ enAext þtaEkv kMBt nigPñMeBj GMBIkaryl´dwgrbs´Kat´GMBIskm μPaBRkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´. karvaytMélenAkñúgxN£ena¼ TTYlánTinñn&yTaMgbrimaN nigKuNPaBtamEdl GaceFVIeTAán enAcMeBlEdlRkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´ k¾dUcCaRbCaBlrdæmankar mmajwkCab´rvl´. yl´RBmtamsMNUmBrrbs´GñkcUlrYm RkumRsavRCavminán bBa¢ak´GMBIGtþsBaØaNGñksmÖasn_eT edayándak´elxCMnYsvij.

2- kic©smÖasn_CamYynwgsmaCikRkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´ kñúgkic©smÖasn_CamYysg;at´cMnYn9enARkugPñMeBj RkumRsavRCaváneFVIkar smÖasn_CamYysmaCikRkumRbwkßasg;at´cMnYn2nak´ edaysarEtecAsg;at´Cab´ rvl´. enAkñúgkarsmÖasn_enATIRkugPñMeBjen¼ manRsþI2nak´ ehIymñak´ manzan£CaecAsg;at´.

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enAkñúgkaresñIsMueFVIkarsmÖasn_ enAtamextþ viTüasSanminánbBa¢ak´fa nrNaeT RKan´EtsMusmÖasn_CamYyRkumRbwkßaXMu. enAeBlCYbsmÖasn_ Rkumkar garánCYbnwg}sßr£CnénCIvPaBneyaáyenACnbT£ smaCikRkumRbwkßaXMuTaMg ena¼suT§EtCaburs nigCasmaCikrbs´KNbkßRbCaCnkm<úCa. manEtXMucMnYn2 b¨ueNÑa¼ EdlRkumkargaránCYbCamYyCMTb´TImYy nigCMTb´TI2 (XMu6) nigsmaCik RkumRbwkßaXMu (XMu15). kñúgXMuepßgeTot viTüasSanánsmÖasn_CamYyRbFan RkumRbwkßaXMu EdlmansmaCikRkumRbwkßaXMucUlrYmEtminmanmtieT.

3- sMnYrcMeBa¼smaCikRkumRbwkßaXMu

enAeBlbBa©b´karsmÖasn_ viTüasSan ánEcksMnYrdl´smaCikRkumRbwkßa3nak´ [bMeBjtamXMu srubTaMgGs´cMnYn68nak´. smaCikRkumRbwkßaXMuPaKeRcIn CasmaCik KNbkßRbCaCnkm<úCa RbEhl8%Casma CikKNbkßhVú‘nsIunbiuc nigRbEhl16% mkBIKNbkßsmrgßIú.

ePT cMnYn PaKry

Rbus 55 80/90 RsI 6 8/80 srub 61 89/70 Gvt þman 7 10/30 srubTaMgGs´ 68 100/00 taragTImYy£ePT

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®s þIsmaCikRkumRbwkßaXMu manEt6nak´ b¨ueNÑa¼EdlánbMeBjsMnYr . bgHajfa man®s þItictYcNas´ áncUlrYmkñúgneya áymUldæan.

KNbkß cMnYn PaKryhVú‘nsIunbiuc 5 7/40 RbCaCn 48 70/60 smrgßIú 10 14/70 srub 63 92/60 Gvtþ man 5 7/40 srubTaMgGs´ 68 100/00 taragTIBIr£KNbkß

4- sMnYrcMeBa¼RbCaBlrdæ

RBmCamYynwgkic©smÖasn_ m®n I þkm μ viFIrbs´viTüasSan ánEckCasMnYr dl´RbCa BlrdæenAkñúgXMu-sg;at´ edaymankarsh karpgEdr BIédKUrbs´viTüasSanenAtamext þ. BlrdæsrubcMnYn271nak´ ánbMeBjsMnYr

kñúgena¼extþþkMBt91nak´ extþþtaEkv90nak´ nigRkugPñMeBj90nak´ manburs152nak´ nig RsþI 105nak´.

ePT cMnYn PaKry

Rbus 152 56/10 RsI 105 38/70 srub 257 94/80 Gvtþ man 14 5/20 srubTaMgGs´ 271 100/00 taragTIbI£ePT

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tYnaTI Parkic© nig karTTYlxus®tUv

eKalbMngénkarsmÖasn_en¼ KWcg´EsVgyl´BIkaryl´dwgrbs´RkumRbwkßa XMu-sg;at´ BIParkic© nigkarTTYlxusRtUvEdlánkMNt´enAkñúgRkbx&NÐc,ab´. RkumRsavRCavmankarcab´GarmμN_CaBiess BIkaryl´eXIjrbs´RkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´ BIParkic©rbs´eK nigGMBIvimCÄkar. smaCikRkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´PaK eRcIn ánmanRbsasn_fa RkumRbwkßamanParkic©FMBIrEdlRtUvbMeBj£ TImYyKW tMNageGayBlrdækñúgXMu-sg;at´ TIBIrKWeFVICaPñak´garrbs´rdæ («TahrN_ Gnuvtþn_ kargarrdædUcCacu¼eQμa¼Gñkeá¼eqñat). en¼CaParkic©EdlánkMNt´edayraCrdæa Piálkm<úCa.

smaCikRkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´mYycMnYn ánelIk«TahrN_Cak´Es þg GMBI kargarrbs´Kat´. «/ smaCikRkumRbwkßakñúgXMu2 ánBnül´fa kargarEdl sMxan´bMputrbs´RkumRbwkßa KWGPivDÆn_shKmn_. enAXMu-sg;at´mYycMnYneTot smaCikRkumRbwkßamanParkic©epßg@Kña. kñúgXMu5ánniyayfakar garrbs´emXMu KWRtUveFVITMnak´TMngCamYyRbCaBlrdæ. emXMunigecAsg;at´14 ánniyayfa kargarrbs´Kat´KWRtUvdwknaMRbCaBlrdæenAkñúgXMu. KMnitTaMgen¼bgHajBIkaryl´ dwgpÞal´xøÜnrbs´RkumRbwkßaGMBIvimCÄkar enAeBlEdlRkumRbwkßaánEbgEckPar kic©xus@KñatamXMuEdlviTüasSanáneFVIkarsmÖasn_. viTüasSanseg;teXIjfa kar elIkeTLIgBIParkic©en¼vapÞúynwgParkic©EdlmanEcgsþIBIkarbMerIRbCaCn nigeFVICa tMNagrbs´rdæ.

16

17

smtSPaBkñúgkarGnuvt þvimCÄkar

Epñken¼KWep þatelIkaryl´dwg rbs´RkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´ kñúgbBaØt þic,ab´ GMBIeKalneyaáyvimCÄkar dUcmanEcgenAkñúg c,ab´s þIBIkarRKb´RKgrdæál XMu-sg;at´ ExmIna qñaM2001. karRsavRCavnwgepþatpgEdr eTAelIPaBRbQm esck þIRtUvkarEpñkbN þú¼bN þal niglT§PaBhirBaØvtSúrbs´RkumRbwkßakñúgkarGnuvt þ bTbBaØtþinana. lT§plánbgHajBIkMritxusKñaénkaryl´dwgrbs´RkumRbwkßaenA ext þ nigTIRkugGMBIRkbxNÐcLab´ .

1- karyl´dwgGMBIvimCÄkar tamkarsmÖasn_ smaCikRkumRbwkßaenAPñMeBjmankaryl´dwgc,as´GMBI RkbxNÐcLab´ k_dUcCatYnaTI nigParkic©. PaKeRcInénsmaCikRkumRbwkßaGac Bnül´BIParkic©cMbgrbs´sg;at´ smRsbeTAnwgxøwmsarEdlmanEcgenAkñúgRkb xNÐcLab´ (dUcCaeFVICaPñak´garrbs´rdæ nigbMerIRbCaBlrdæ). PaKeRcInkarerob rab´rbs´smaCikRkumRbwkßamanPaBRtwmRtUvnwgParkic© EdlmanEcgenAkñúgcLab´.

enAtamextþsmaCikRkumRbwkßamYycMnYnFMánniyayfa Kat´Gacyl´án BIRkbxNÐcLab´. b¨uEnþenAeBlEdlsYrfamankarBiákeTenAkñúgkarGnuvt þbTbBaØtþi nanarbs´rdæaPiál smaCikRkumRbwkßaPaKeRcIneqøIyfaKat´mankarlMák ehIy minyl´faRkbxNÐcLab´CaGVI. eTa¼bICasmaCikRkumRbwkßaPaKeRcInáncUlrYmkñúg neyaáymUldæanGsry£eBleRcInqñaMmunGaNt þiRáMqñaMCaRkumRbwkßak¾eday («/eFVI

18

CaemPUmi) PaKeRcInmindwgfaGnuvt þneyaáyvimCÄkarkñúgRkbxNÐcLab´edayrebob NaeTLIy. en¼GacbgHajfabTBiesaFn_kñúgtMENgnana Tak´TgnwgkarRKb´RKg XMu minRákdfaGacbMeBjkargarCaRkumRbwkßaXMuáneT. Tak´TinnwgcMnucen¼ smaCikRkumRbwkßaPaKeRcInánniyayfa Kat´man karlMákkñúgkarGnuvt þRkbxNÐcLab´ edaysarfavimCÄkarCaeKalneyaáyf μ I EdlTamTarnUvry£eBlmYy sMrab´[RkumRbwkßaányl´. ecAsg;at´elx8án eRbobeFobsPaBkarN_dUcCa ²ek μgEdlkMBugeronedIr³ (kic©smÖasn_TI9). smaCikRkumRbwkßakñúgXMuelx11 nigXMuelx9ánniyayfa eTa¼bICaBiákyl´ BIRkbxNÐcLab´k¾eday k¾smaCikRkumRbwkßamankarvivDÆn_Edr edaysarmankar bN þú¼bNþþal nigbTBiesaFn_Cak´Es þg. en¼CacMNucviC¢manmYy ebIeRbob eFobeTAnwgkarlMák EdlsmaCikRkumRbwkßaánCYbRbT¼ edaysarkarGnuvt þn_ vimCÄkarenAekμgx©I. CacMNucviC¢manmYyeTotEdr EdlRkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´min Gs´sgÇwmcMeBa¼PaBRbQmmuxTaMgT,ay ehIyáncat´TukfaCakareronsURtmYy EdlenATIbBa©b´Gacyl´dwg nigGnuvtþn_vimCÄkarán. smaCikRkumRbwkßaelx 2 ánBnül´fa ²eyIgeronpgeFVIkarpg³.

FnFanmYycMnYnGacát´bg´enAkñúgkareá¼eqñatxagmux edaysarfanwg mansmaCikRkumRbwkßafμI EdlRtUveronsURtBIdMeNIrkaren¼CafμIeT,Igvij.

v&ycas´Crak_CabBaHaRbQmmuxmYyEdr. smaCikRkumRbwkßamYycMnYnman GayuCag70qñaMánniyayfa Kat´minsUvyl´BIRkbxNÐcLab´ nigcgcaMxøwmsar énvK:bN þú¼bN þaleT.

smaCikRkumRbwkßaEdlmanv&ycas´enAXMu18manRbsasn_ fa

19

²Kat´minsUvyl´faGVICavimCÄkarena¼eT³. eTa¼bICay¨agNak¾edaysmaCik RkumRbwkßaTaMgena¼ manbMNgnwgQreQμa¼CaRkumRbwkßamþgeTotenAeBleá¼eqñat naExemsa2007. viTüasSanyl´eXIjfa KYrBinitüBicarNaGMBItMrUvkarCaBiess rbs´smaCikRkumRbwkßacas´@TaMgena¼ enAeBlerobcMvK:bN þú¼bNþþaleRBa¼Gac mansmaCikRkumRbwkßav&ycas´eRcInenAkñúgGaNt þiTI2.

manEtsmaCikRkumRbwkßakñúgXMucMnYn5eT EdlniyayfaXMuKat´minBiák yl´RkbxNÐcLab´eT edaysarKat´manesovePAmYy EdlBnül´GMBITidæPaBnana énvimCÄkar ehIyánpþl´[edayGg:kareRkArdæaPiálmYy. Kat´nwgTak´TgCa mYyRKUbN þú¼bNþþalebIesovePAena¼minmanB&t’manRKb´RKan´. karp þl´esovePABI RkbxNÐcLab´dl´RkumRbwkßa nigkarp þl´mtieyabl´BIkarGnuvt þvimCÄkar Gaceda¼ RsaybBaHaRbQmmYycMnYn. smaCikRkumRbwkßa minKYrBwgEpðkTaMgRsugelIvK: bN þú¼bNþaleT CaBiessenAeBlEdlKat´minmaneBlRKb´RKan´kñúgkarcUlrYm vK:bN þú¼bNþþal nigbMeBjkic©karRbcaMéf¶. smaCikRkumRbwkßaGacsikßaRsav RCavenAkñúgesovePAÉksar nUvcMNucNamYyEdlminmanenAkñúgvK:bN þú¼bNþal ehIyyl´minsBVRCugeRCay.

2- vK:bN þú¼Nþal Bak´B&n§eTAnwgkaryl´dwgBIRkbxNÐcLab´ RkumRsavRCavánsaksYrRkum Rbwkßa BIkarbN þú¼bNþalsþIBIvimCÄkar. RkumRbwkßaánTTYlkarbN þú¼bN þal BIRksYgmhaépÞsþIGMBIkarGnuvtþþRkbxNÐcLab´ nigkarRKb´RKgrdæálXMu-sg;at´. RkumRbwkßak_ánTTYlkarbN þú¼bN þalpgEdr BIRksYgepßg@eTotelIRbFanbT

20

Cak´lak´ dUcCaGMeBIhigßakñúgRKYsar (XMu11) ¦BIGg:karminEmnrdæaPiálkñúgRsuk nigGn þrCati. ecAsg;at´elx3ánmanRbsasn_fa karbN þú¼bNþalerobcMeday RksYgminTTYláneCaKC&yeT edaysarfaRkumRbwkßaminyl´BIxøwmsarénemeron. emXMuv&ycas´@mYycMnYnmináncaMRbFanbT Edláneronena¼eT (kic©smÖasn_ XuMcMnYn15). PaKeRcInénRkumRbwkßaXMuv&ycMNas´yl´eXIjfa vK:bN þú¼bNþþal minRsbtamtMrUvkar nigCMnajrbs´Kat´eT£ ²eyIgmanv&ycas´dUcen¼mankar lMákkñúgkarcgcaMGVIEdleyIgáneron³ (kic©smÖasn_XuMelx12). viTüasSanyl´ eXIjfa KYrerobcMvK:bN þú¼bNþaleTAtamtMrUvkarrbs´RkumRbwkßa. tamecAsg;at´ elx4 vK:bN þú¼bNþalerobcMedayGg:kareRkArdæaPiál manlkçN£Cak´lak´ (dUcCaGMBIGMeBIhigßa ¦EynD&r) CagvK:bNþú¼bNþalrbs´rdæaPiál Edl epþatelIRbFanbTCaTUeTA dUcCacLab´RKb´RKgrdæálRkumRbwkßa XMu-sg;at´.

RkumRbwkßaánelIkeTLIg BIesckþIRtUvkarbNþú¼bNþalbEnSmeTot. Rkum RbwkßaeXIjfa vK:bN þú¼bNþalTTYlánknøgmkmansar£sMxan´Nas´ EtminTan´ RKb´RKan´enAeT,IyeT. RkumRbwkßasg;at´mansMNUmBr[epþatkarbNþú¼bNþalBI karRKb´RKgrdæálXMu-sg;at´ kareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆn_ nigkarRKb´RKghirBaØvtSú (kic©smÖasn__4). RkumRbwkßaánniyayfa Kat´minánTTYlkarbNþú¼bNþal BIc,ab´RBhμTNÐ nigrdæb,evNIeT Kat´Kitfaen¼CakarcaMác´sMrab´karbMeBj kargarCaBiessenAkñúgRkbx&NÐéndMeNa¼RsayCMela¼eRkARbB&n§tulakar (kic© smÖasn_12). manEtRkumRbwkßakñúgXMuelx11 EdlfaminRtUvkarkarbN þú¼bNþal bEnSmeToteT.

21

ecAsg;at´elx2cg´eGaybN þú¼bNþalBIkareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆn_ tYnaTI nigParkic©rbs´RkumRbwkßa dUcmanEcgkñúgRkbxNÐcLab´. ecAsg;at´CaeRcIncg´ ánkarbN þú¼bN þalGMBIkaresñIsMuCMnYybEnSmBIrdæaPiál nigGg:karnana (kic© smÖasn_3). ecAsg;at´elx9 ánTTYlRbPBFnFanEtBIrdæaPiál cg´[ Gg:kareRkArdæaPiálbN þú¼bNþalBIrebobesñIsMuCMnYy. RkumRbwkßacg´[mankar bNþú¼bNþalTUeTApg (RkbxNÐcLab´ nigkarRKb´RKgrdæálXMu-sg;at´) nigelI RbFanbTCak´lak´pg (kareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆn_ karesñIsMuCMnYy). RkumRbwkßa mYycMnYnánKUsbBa¢ak´fa karcUlrYmvK:bNþú¼bNþaláneFVI[RkumRbwkßaminán bMeBjParkic©RbcaMéf¶. CadMeNa¼Rsay ecAsg;at´elx4 ánpþl´Gnusasn_ [erobcMvKþbN þú¼bNþalry£eBlxøI «/ mYyéf¶kñúgmYyEx nigRtUvKitfa Rkum RbwkßaRtUvbMeBjkargarRbcaMéf¶pgEdr.

PaKeRcInénRkumRbwkßaXMuánTTYlkarbNþú¼bNþalBITMnas´dIFøI EdlCa bBaHaRsYcRsavenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa. smaCikRkumRbwkßamñak´áneFVITsßn£kic©XMu KMrUmYykñúgext þkMBg´cam erobcMedayviTüasSanExμredIm,IlT§iRbCaFibetyü ehIy cat´TukfaCabTBiesaFn_lð (kic©smÖasn_3). karerobcMTsßn£kic©sikßasMrab´ smaCikRkumRbwkßaGacCa bTBiesaCn_d¾mantMél eRBa¼RkumRbwkßaGacyl´BIkar GnuvtþvimCÄkaredayeCaKC&y. kareFVITsßnkic©sikßanigkarGnuvtþCak´Es þgGac CYybMeBjkarGnuvtþRTws þI («/RkbxNÐcLab´) enAkñúgXMurbs´Kat´.

RkumRbwkßapþl´eyabl´fa KYrmankarbN þú¼bNþal ¦pßBVpßaypgEdrBI dMeNIrkarénkargarrbs´RkumRbwkßa. RkumRbwkßasg;at´eXIjRbCaBlrdæ mincab´ GarmμN_nwgkargarrbs´XMu EdleFVI[b¨¼Bal´dl´kareFVIKMeragGPivDÆn_ nigkic©kar d_éTeTotrbs´XMu. karGb´rMRbCaBlrdæGacCakargarFMeFgsMrab´Gg:karminEmnrdæa

22

Piál ¦rdæaPiál EtKYrmankarbN þú¼bNþalRkumRbwkßa[ec¼Bnül´Gb´rMRbCa BlrdæGMBIsar£sMxan´énvimCÄkar karcUlrYmkñúgvimCÄkar nigkarCMrujelIkTwkcitþ RbCaBlrdæ[cUlrYm.

3- Gnusasn_sMrab´karbN þ ú¼bNþalnaeBlGnaKt EpðkelIbTBiesaFn_rbs´RkumRbwkßaBIkarbN þú¼bNþal viTüasSansUmelIk

CaGnusasn_sMrab´karbN þú¼bNþalRkumRbwkßanaeBlGnaKt.

esck þIRtUvkarrbs´RkumRbwkßa karbN þú¼bNþalcaMác´tRmUveTAtamesck þIRtUvkarCaBiess rbs´Rkum RbwkßaebIsinCaGaceFVIeTAán. GayueRcIn nigkMritvb,F’mTabGaceFVI[RkumRbwkßa Biákyl´xøwmsarénvK:bN þú¼bNþal. enAeBlEdlGayu nigkMritvb,F’mminesμ I Kña RKUbeg:alKYrykci tþTukdak´CaBiesscMeBa¼smaCik RkumRbwkßaNaEdlman karlMákkñúgkartamemeron. KYrBieRKa¼eyabl´CamYyRkumRbwkßaGMBIxøwmsar nig RbFanbTénemeron.

karbN þú¼bNþalCalkçN£Gnþrskmμ CaTUeTA vK:bN þú¼bNþalmanRbsiT§PaBlu¼NamanlkçN£Gnþrskm μrvag RKUnigsisß edImLI[vK:bN þú¼bNþalmanlkçN£Tak´TajGarmμN_. ktþacMbgKW RKUbeg:alRtUvmaneTBekaslünigKruekaslükñúgkarbeRgon.

23

karbN þú¼bN þaldl´RkumepßgeTot RkumRbwkßaányl´fa vimCÄkarminRtwmEtCaParkic©rbs´Kat´EdlCaGñk

tMnag[RbCaBlrdæEdláneá¼eqñat[b¨ueNÑa¼eT BYkKat´k_mankarTTYlxusRtUv cMeBa¼RbCaBlrdæEdlrs´enAkñúgXMupgEdr. RkumRbwkßaáncat´Tukfakarshkar N_rbs´RbCaBlrdæ nigemPUmiCakarcaMác´Nas´kñúgkarbMeBjkargarrbs´Rkum Rbwkßa. edaysarm©as´CMnYy nigGg:karminEmnrdæaPiálmYycMnYnBuMmanlT§PaB kñúgkarbN þú¼bNþalBYkKat´ dUcen¼ KYrmanRbFanbTmYysþIGMBIviFIsaRsþenAkñúg karCMruj[mankarcUlrYm enAkñúgKMeragénkarbN þú¼bNþalRkumRbwkßanaeBlxag mux.

EynD&r cMnYnd¾tictYcénRkumRbwkßaCa®s þIenAkñúgXMu bgHajBItMrUvkarénkarbN þ ú¼

bNþalGMBIsiT§i®s þI niglT§iRbCaFibetyüEdlminRtwmEtpþl´cMen¼dwgBIvimCÄkar b¨ueNÑa¼eT EtEfmTaMgpþl´CMenOTukcit þdl´RsþI GMBIsiT§iniglT§PaBrbs´Kat´kñúg karbMeBjkargar. viTüasSanExμredIm,IlT§iRbCaFibetyü ánerobcMCavK:bN þú¼ bNþalCaeRcIn edImLICMuruj®s þI[cUlrYmkñúgkargarneyaáy. viTüasSanmanKM eragnwgbn þkarbN þú¼bN þalen¼ dl´®s þIEdlCab´eqñatfμ I nakareá¼eqñatEx emsaqñaM2007. RsþIRkumRbwkßaRtUvkarBRgwgsmtSPaB eTIbGacbMeBjkargarCa mYyRkumRbwkßaXMubursán.

XMuKMrU kareFVITsßn£kic©XMuKMrU GaceFVI[mankarqab´yl´karGnuvt þCak´Es þg nUv

neyaáyvimCÄkar CaBiesscMeBa¼RkumRbwkßaEdlmankMritvb,F’mTab nigv&y

24

cas´. RkumRbwkßanwgcgcaMBIGVIEdlánTsßna rebobénkarRKb´RKgXMunigFn Fan nwgeFVI[Kat´manKMnitpþÜcepþImsMrab´karGPivDÆXMurbs´Kat´.

hirBaØvtSú ebIBini tüemIlBIfvikad¾sþÜcesþIgEdlRkumRbwkßaánTTYlBIrdæaPiál KYr

mankarbN þú¼bNþþalBIkarRKb´RKgFnFanhirBaØvtSú[ánlð nigBIrebobénkarsV¼ EsVgrkFnFanbEnSmeTot. RkumRbwkßak_RtUvyl´pgEdr BIsar£sMxan´énkarRáb´ RbCaBlrdæGMBIFnFanfvikaEdlXMumanedIm,I[mantmøaPaB nigeCosvagnUvkarxk cit þrbs´RbCaBlrdæcMeBa¼GVIEdlánrMBwgTukcMeBa¼kargarrbs´RkumRbwkßa. bEnSm elIen¼ RkumRbwkßaRtUvbBa¢ak´BIeKalbMNgénkarRbmUlTuncUlrYmBIm©as´CMnYy nig RbCaBlrdæ[Kat´ányl´.

kareda¼RsayCemøa¼ RkumRbwkßaKYrmankarbNþú¼bN þalBIc,ab´RBhμTNÐ nigrdæb,evNIk_dUcCa

bBaHadMeNa¼RsaydIFøI GMeBIhwgßakñúgRKYsar nigshkarCamYyTIRbwkßaBlrdæ rbs´viTüasSanEdlpþl´karRbwkßaeyabl´elIEpñkcLab´dl´RbCaBlrdæ.

karcUlrYmrbs´RbCaBlrdæ KYrbN þú¼bN þalRkumRbwkßa

BIrbobeda¼RsaytMrUvkarrbs´RbCaBlrdæsiT§i CamUldæanrbs´Blrdæ sar£sMxan´énkarcUlrYmrbs´BlrdæenAkñúgkargarRkumRbwkßa nigkarbBa©ú¼bBa©Úl[mankarcUlrYm.

25

EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©sg:m TisedAénkarbN þú¼bNþal KYrepþatelIkarBRgwgsmtSPaBdl´RkumRbwkßa

[eRtomlkçN£cMeBa¼Parkic© nigPaBRbQmTaMgT,aynaeBlGnaKt. enAkñúg GaNt þiTImYyen¼ mankarpþÜcepþImKMnitlðenAkñúgkareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©sg:m RbcaMqñaMb¨uEnþEpnkarrbs´XMuenAmankMritenAeTLIy. naeBlGnaKtKYrsMerc[án nUvKMeragFM@ CaGtSRbeyaCn_dl´RbCaBlrdæedayrYmbBa©ÚlnUvKMeragEfTaMsuxPaB salaeron.l.

4- hirBaØvtSú RkumRbwkßaTTYlánFnFanmkBIRbPBbICacMbg£ rdæaPiál Gg:kareRkA

rdæaPiál nigGMeNayÉkCn (taragTI9) nigTuncUlrYmrbs´RbCaBlrdæenAkñúg XMu. RkumRbwkßaánTTYlRbPBFnFanBIrdæaPiál b¨uEnþminRKb´RKan´eTedIm,I [RkumRbwkßaGnuvt þParkic© nigKMeragEpnkarGPivDÆn_. enAkñúgTIRkugPñMeBj sg;at´ PaKeRcIn TTYlánCMnYy«btSmÖbEnSm BIGg:karminEmnrdæaPiálkñúgRsuk nig Gn þ rCatienAkñúgKMeragGPivDÆn_nana. en¼bgHaj[eXIjfa rcnasm<&n§rdæálmUldæan GacCaynþkarmYysMrab´TTYlCMnYysMrab´KMeragGPivDÆn_shKmn_. CasBaØa viC¢manmYy nigCakarerobcMánlðedImLI[mannirnþPaB nigPaBRsbc,ab´rbs´ RkumRbwkßa. RkumRbwkßaPaKeRcInmansMNUmBr[ mankarbN þú¼bNþalBIrebobén karesñIsMuCMnYy EdlGac[RkumRbwkßamansSanPaBhirBaØvtSúlðRbesIr.

RkumRbwkßaniyayfa FnFanEdl pþl´edayrdæaPiál minRKb´RKan´eTedImLI

bMeBjParkic©rbs´eK. XMurbs´Kat´Gac

26

Gnuvt þn_KMeragmYycMnYnb¨ueNÑa¼ énEpnkar GPivDÆn_ (76/6%) ¦minRKb´RKan´sMrab´ Gnuvtþn_KMerag[áneBjelj (73/4%). PaKeRcInénRkumRbwkßaán catTukfakgV¼

«bsK:énvimCÄkarenAkm<úCa cMelIy PaKrykgV¼FnFan 62 96/90 kgV¼karcUlrYmBIBlrdæ 39 60/90 kgV¼karKaMRTBIrdæaPiál 31 48/40 mUlehtuepßg@eTot 11 17/20 srub 143 tarag4£ GVICa«bsK:d¾FMbMputcMeBa¼eCaKC&yén vimCÄkarenAkm<úCa?

xatFnFanCabBaHacMbgenAkñúgkarbMeBjParkic©rbs´Kat´ nigGnuvtþn_eKalneya áyvimCÄkarenAkm<úCa (96/9%) (tarag4). smaCikRkumRbwkßa®s þIenAsg;at´ elx5án[dwgfa sg;at´ánTTYlRák´viPaCn_BIrdæaPiáledIm,IGPivDÆn_KMeragna na EtminánTTYlRKb´RKan´edIm,IGnuvt þn_KMeragFM@eT dUcCakarBRgIkpøÚv[FMCag mun. CaehtueFVI[RkumRbwkßaep þatelIKMeragtUc (ehdæarcnasm<&n§).

RbCaBlrdærMBwgTukfa RkumRbwkßamanKMeragGPivDÆn_CaeRcInenAkñúgXMu É cMENkXMuminmanFnFansMrab´eFVI (kic©smÖasn_3 nig12). dUcen¼GaceFVI[ RbCaBlrdæmankarxkcit þcMeBa¼RkumRbwkßa ehIymincUlrYmkñúgkargarrbs´Rkum RbwkßaeToteT. ebIBinitüBIsSanPaBhirBaØvtSúrbs´km<úCa kgV¼xatFnFanminGac eda¼RsayánnaeBlGnaKtd_xøIeT. dUcen¼RkumRbwkßacaMác´RtUveronBIrrebobcat´ EcgFnFan[manRbsiT§PaBbMput.

mkdl´eBlen¼ (ExsIha 2006) 31%énRkumRbwkßaTTYlán karKaMRTBIGg:karminEmnrdæaPiál (tarag5). enAXMumYycMnYn Gg:kar

minEmnrdæaPiálGnuvt þn_edaypÞal´KM eragrbs´eK dUcCaeFVIkarGb´rMGMBITwk sðat nigGnam&y (kic©smÖasn_TI9). smaCikRkumRbwkßamñak´ánelIkeTLIgfa

27

GñkNaCaGñkpþlFnFan [RkumRbwkßa? cMelIy PaKryrdæaPiál 65 95/90Gg:karminEmnrdæaPiál 21 30/90kmμviFIes,ógGaharBiPBelak 5 7/40

CMnYyÉkCn 27 39/70 RbPBCMnYyepßg@ 7 10/30 srub 125 tarag5£ GñkNaCaGñkpþl´FnFan[RkumRbwkßa?

Gg:karminEmnrdæaPiálmincg´shkarCamYyRkumRbwkßaeT£ ²Gg:karminEmnrdæaPi álPaKeRcIn minTMnak´TMngCamYyeyIgeT BIeRBa¼eyIgenAtMbn´CnbTdac´ Rsyal³ (kic©smÖasn_TI3). karbN þú¼bNþalRkumRbwkßaBIrebobTMnak´TMng CamYyGg:karminEmnrdæaPiál edIm,IEsVgrkédKUsMrab´GPivDÆn_ manGtSRbeyaCn_ sMrab´RkumRbwkßa eRBa¼Rák´viPaCpþl´[edayrdæaPiálminRKb´RKan´eT.

smaCikRkumRbwkßayl´eXIjfa caMác´RtUvRáb´RbCaBlrdæ[dwgBIkar cMNayrbs´RkumRbwkßa. RkumRbwkßaándwgBIkarEcgenAkñúgcLab´BIkarcUlrYmRák´ bdiPaKrbs´RbCaBlrdæenAkñúgKMeragGPivDÆn_rbs´XMu. RkumRbwkßasg;at´ánni yayfa Kat´minmanbBaHakñúgkarRbmUlRák´bdiPaKBIRbCaBlrdæeT eRBa¼RbCa Blrdæáncat´TukKMeragGPivDÆn_TaMgena¼Carbs´xøÜn ehIymanbMNgcUlrYmcM ENk edIm,I[manCIvPaBrs´enAkan´EtRbesIr. RkumRbwkßaXMu15minEdlánRb mUlviPaKTanBIRbCaBlrdæeT b¨uEnþmanKMeragnwgRbmUlRák´bdiPaKenAeBlman BiFIbuNüepßg@. CacMNucmYyKYr[cab´GarmμN_ EdlXMuxø¼GacRbmUlRák´ bdiPaKán (kic©smÖasn_5) ÉXMuxø¼eTotminGaceFVIán (kic©smÖasn_16). RkumRbwkßaXMu13ánBnül´fa RbCaBlrdæmincg´cUlrYmeT ebIKMeragGPivDÆn_eFVI eTLIgenAPUmiepßg (kic©smÖasn_13).

RkumRbwkßayl´fa karRbmUlRák´bdiPaKmansar£sMxan´ mincMeBa¼Et EpñkhirBaØvtSúena¼eT EtCakarksagpgEdrnUvPaBCam©ascMENkénkarGPivDÆn_enA

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kñúgshKmn_£ ²ebIsinCaKat´áncUlrYmCaRák´bdiPaKena¼Kat´nwgCYyEfTaMpøÚv eRBa¼Kat´yl´faluyrbs´Kat´CacMEnkmYyénpøÚven¼³ (kic©smÖasn_7). Rkum RbwkßaminánRáb´BIcMnYnTwkRák´EdlRbmUlBIRbCaBlrdæeT EtRkumRbwkßaxø¼án Ráb´£ XMu7ykmYyBan´erolkñúúgmYyRKYsar. mankarcat´EcgxusEbøkBIKñaenAkñúg karRbmUlTuncUlrYm. enAkñúgXMuelx17 CaParkic©rbs´emPUmi ÉXMuelx7 CaParkic©rbs´ KN£kmμkarXMu.

bBaHasMxan´mYy EdlánelIkeT,IgTak´TgnwgsSanPaBxV¼xathirBaØvtSú rbs´XMu KWKMeragmantMélx<s´. smaCikRkumRbwkßamñak´ánBnül´fa ²bBaHaKW Cab´Tak´TgnwgkaredjéføKMerag³. GñkedjéføKMeragÉkPaBKñaelItMélx<s´mYy ehIyeKkMNt´yktMéldUcKña (kic©smÖasn_17). bBaHaen¼Tak´Tgkaredjéfø KMerag EdlQμ ÜjkMNt´yktMélx<s´ eFVI[RkumRbwkßabgçMcit þGnuvt þn_KMeragtUc@ CagGVIEdláneRKagTuk. bBaHaen¼GacekIteTLIgedaysarRkumRbwkßaminmanCM najbec©keTs nigbTBiesaFn_kñúgkargarlT§kmμ.

29

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rcnasm<&n§ nig karRKb´RKgrdæál

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1- smaCikRkumRbwkßa®s þI sg;at´TaMgGs´ mansmaCikRkumRbwkßaRsþImñak´´ elIkElgEtsg;at´elx

9. RkumRbwkßaXuMelx10en¼manemPUmiPaKeRcInCa®s þI EdlTTYlbnÞúkkic©kar®s þI nigkumar. ecAsg;at´elx7Ca®sþI. smaCikRkumRbwkßa®s þIcMnYn4nak´kñúgsg;at´8 áncUlrYmy¨agskmμkñúgkargardUcsmaCikRkumRbwkßabursEdr. Kat´TTYlbnÞúkpg Edr kñúgkarpßBVpßaydl´RbCaBlrdæGMBIKMeragrbs´RkumRbwkßa (kic©smÖasn_8). RkumRbwkßayl´eXIjfa vamansar£sMxan´kñúgkarEdlmansmaCikRkumRbwkßaCa ®s Iþ.

GnuelamtammaRta19énGnuRkitüelx22 smaCikRkumRbwkßaXuMRtUvEtg taMg®s þI1nak´TTYlbnÞúkkic©karRsþInigkumar. 91/2%énRkumRbwkßaEdlánbMeBj sMnYránniyayfa KMeragrbs´RkumRbwkßaánepþatCaBiesselIbBaHa®s þI. EtcM Nucen¼minGacbBa¢ak´áneT enAkñúgkarsMPasn_edaypÞal´CamYyRkumRbwkßa. enAkñúgKMeragEpnkarrbs´RkumRbwkßa minmanKMeragelIkeTLIgBIIbBaHaEynD&reT. eqøIynwgsMnYrCMrujRsþI[QreQμa¼eá¼eqñat RkumRbwkßa®s þImñak´ánBnül´fa

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caMác´ RtUvmankarbN þú¼bNþþalBIsiT§iRsþI edImLI[man®s þIeRcIncab´GarmμN_ kñúgkarsh karCamYyRkumRbwkßa ¦QreQ μa¼CaRkumRbwkßa. CakarmYymansar£sMxan´enAkñúg karbN þú¼bNþþalBIsiT§iRsþI mincMeBa¼TisedAkñúgkarCMruj®s þI[cUlrYm kñúgkargar neyaáyk¾eday k¾Gac[®s þICaeRcInmankarcab´GarmμN_cUlrYmbEnSmeTotEdr. ecAsg;at´7CaRsþIánniyayfa naeBlbc©úbLnñen¼ rdæaPiálkMBugCMrujRsþI[ cUlrYmkñúgneyaáy eFVI[Kat´manTwkcitþritEtxitxMbMeBjkargarEfmeTot. Kat´ ánBüayamCMruj®s þICaeRcIn[cUlrYmkñúgneyaáy edayBnül´fa RsþIGaceron nigEsVgyl´BIbTBiesaFn_kñúgeBlbMeBjkargarCaRkumRbwkßa edaymincaMác´ yl´BIkargarTaMgGs´BIdMbUgena¼eT ¦eron ehIyGnuvtþn_kargarEtmþg.

RkumRbwkßa®s þIenAsg;at´elx5ánniyayfa CaTUeTAvamankarlMákkñúgkar bMeBjkargarCaRkumRbwkßa enAeBlEdl®s þIeFVIneyaáypg nigCaempÞ¼pg. CaehtueFVI[RkumRbwkßa®s þIeFVIkargareRcInCagRkumRbwkßaburs (kic©smÖasn_5) k_dUc CakarmineKarBRkumRbwkßa®s þIBIsMNak´RkumRbwkßaburs edayminrMBwgfaRsþIGaceFVI kardUcburs GacCaehtuplmYyEdr kñúgkarEdlmancMnYn®s þItic kñúgkargar neyaáy. RkumRbwkßaPaKeRcInányl´eXIjEbben¼ enAeBlbMeBjsMnYr smÖasn_. mUlehtumYyeTotena¼ KWxV¼CMenOTukcit þelIxøÜnÉg (75%énRkumRbwkßa ánelIkeT,Ig) EdlGaceda¼Rsaytamry£karbN þú¼bNþþal.

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eqøIynwgsMnYrBIcMnYnPaKryticén®s þICasmaCikRkumRbwkßa 55%ánniyay fa®s þIminmanCMenOelIxøÜnÉg enAkñúgkarQreQμa¼CaRkumRbwkßa. karbN þú¼bNþal GMBIsiT§i®sþþI lT§PaBkñúgkarcUlrYmkargar neyaáymUldæan karerobcMkarRbCuM

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nCasmaCikRkumRbwkßa neyaáyKNbkß 14 35/00 Rs þIminmanlkçN£sm,t þi RKbRKan

10 25/00

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17 42/50

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sVamIminGnuBaØat[cUlrYm kargarneyaáy

11 27/50

mUlehtuepßg@eTot 11 27/50 srub 85 tarag6£ mUlehtuEdlminmanRs þIeRcInCasmaCik RkumRbwkß

enAtamXMuEdlRkumkargareFVIsmÖasn_ minsUvmansmaCikRkumRbwkßaCa®s þI eT ehIyk_minánsmÖasn_RkumRbwkßaRsþIEdr. enAkñúgXMuEdlminmanRkumRbwkßa Ca®s þI RkumRbwkßamanGñksμ &RKcitþCYykargar®s þInigkumar nigcUlrYmkic©RbCMuRbcaM Exrbs´RkumRbwkßa EdlRkumRbwkßapþl´Rák´ExBI30/000 eTA40/000erolkñúg

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mYyEx. KMeragsþIBIEynD&rPaKeRcInepþatelIGMeBIhigßakñúgRKYsar nigkarGb´rMBI suxPaBbnþBUC (kic©smÖasn_TI3).

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2- kic©shRbt ibtþikarrvagKNbkßneyaáy karRsavRCav KWep þatcMbgelIdMeNIrkarRbRBwtþeTArbs´RkumRbwkßa

nigmin ep þatelIbBaHaneyaáyeT. Epñken¼epþatelITMnak´TMngrvagKNbkßneyaáy. RkumRbwkßaEdlánsmÖasn_mansmasPaBeRcInKNbkß RbFanRkumRbwkßaCa smaCikbkßRbCaCn. RkumRbwkßaánniyayfa mankarshkarlðrvagKNbkß neyaáy nigminmanbBaHaGVIcMeBa¼neyaáyKNbkßeT. enAeBlEdlsYrGMBI mUlehtuEdlnaM[manshRbtibtþikarlðEbben¼ KWmanmUlehtu4£ TImYy RkumRbwkßa cg´bMerIRbCaCnenAkñúgXMurbs´xøÜn. eTa¼bICaRkumRbwkßamkBIKNbkß epßg@Kñak¾edayeKmanTisedAen¼dUcKña (kic©smÖasn_TI8 nigTI9). TIBIrKWeday sarRkumRbwkßamanParkic©epßg@BIKña. ecAsg;at´4ánBnül´fa bBaHaGaceda¼ RsayánedaysarmanemXMumñak´CaGñksMrbsMrYlbBaHa. TIbIsmaCikRkumRbwkßa mYycMnYnánniyayfa manbBaHaCamYynwgsmaCikEdlmkBIKNbkßepßg@Kña

34

EtGaceda¼Rsayán enAeBlEdleKáns:al´BIKñaeTAvijeTAmk (kic©smÖasn_ TI2). TI4 smaCikRkumRbwkßaRtUveKarBbTbBa¢aépÞkñúg nigmankardak´vin&yenA eBlEdlmankarbMBan ¦minbMeBjParkic©rbs´xøÜn. viFankarrYmman karray karN_dlGaCJaFrfñakelIGMBIkMhusRkumRbwkßaena¼ (kic©smÖasn_ TI10).

sMnYrEdlbMeBjedayRkumRbwkßamkBIbkßsmrgßIúánbgHajBI kic©shRbtþi btþikarrvagKNbkßneyaáyen¼. Kat´ánniyayfa enAmankarerIseGIgEpñk neyaáycMeBa¼mtiRbqaMg. tamkarerobrab´rbs´RkumRbwkßamkBIbkßRbCaCneXIj fakic©shRbtibtþikar nigkareyaKyl´KñarvagKNbkßneyaáy minándMeNIr kareTArlUn dUcEdlRkumRbwkßaánniyayena¼eT. eBlEdlsYrGMBIkarshkar en¼ RkumRbwkßamñak´áneqøIyfa£ ²cMeBa¼eyIgenAkñúgKNbkßRbCaCnminmanbBaHa eT EtcMeBa¼GñkepßgmankarlMák. RkumRbwkßamkBIKNbkßBIrepßgeTotxV¼cMeN¼ dwg nigyl´ántictYcBIvK:bNþú¼bN þal³ (kic©smÖasn_TI3). RkumRsavRCav minmanB&t’manbEnSmeToteT edaysarminánBiPakßaBIbBaHaneyaáy nigán smÖasn_EtCamYyRkumRbwkßamkBIKNbkßRbCaCn.

3- karshkarCamYynwgemPUmi RkumRbwkßaekatsresIrkarCYyrbs´emPUmi eRBa¼Kat´ánelIkeTLIgBIsar£

sMxan´rbs´emPUmi. sar£sMxan´rbs´emPUmicMeBa¼RkumRbwkßa GacCakarBicarNa enAkñúgkarbNþú¼bNþalemPUmiGMBIvimCÄkar nigCaBiessGMBIkareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆn_.

RkumRbwkßaánelIkBIsar£sMxan´en¼fa ²ebIKμanCMnYyBIemPUmieT RkumRbwkßa minGacbMeBjkargaráneT³ (kic©smÖasn_TI14). emPUmiCaCnbeg:al eRBa¼ Kat´enACitnwgRbCaBlrdæ ehIyGacRbmUlB&t’manBIRbCaBlrdæánedayRsYl

35

(kic© smÖasn_TI1). B&t’manEdlTTYlánBIemPUmi manrYmTaMgesckþIRtUvkar rbs´GñkPUmiBak´B&n§nwgkareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆn_ nigkargarrdæál dUcCakareFVIGt þ sBaØaNb&NÑ (kic©smÖasn_TI6). RkumRbwkßanigemPUmik¾ánshkarCamYyKña elIkargarsn þisux ¦ksikm μ (kic©smÖasn_TI9). kñúgXMu17 RkumRbwkßaán niyayfa RkumRbwkßaGacFanakargarsn þisuxán KWedaysarCMnYyBIemPUmi (kic©smÖasn_TI17). enAsg;at´elx3 RkumRbwkßaCYbCamYynwgemPUmikñúgmYyEx m þg. enAXMuxø¼ emPUmitMNag[RbCaBlrdæ enAkñúgkarRbCMuRbcaMExrbs´Rkum Rbwkßa (kic©smÖasn_TI3).

CaTUeTAemPUmiándwgBIesck þIsMercrbs´RkumRbwkßa ehIyp þl´B&t’manen¼ bn þeTARbCaBlrdæ (kic©smÖasn_TI4). emPUmiedIrtYCaGñknaMBakürvagRkumRbwkßa nigRbCaBlrdæ. RkumRbwkßaTukcitþelIemPUmiCaGñkpßBVpßayGMBIkarRbCMuRbcaMExrbs´ RkumRbwkßaeTA[RbCaBlrdæ. enAXMu17 RbCaBlrdæmináncUlrYmkarRbCMurbs´ RkumRbwkßaeT EtemPUmiáncUlrYmCaGñktMNag[RbCaBlrdæ. RkumRbwkßak¾án CYyemPUmiEdr dUcCaemPUmiBiákGeBa¢IjGñkPUmimkRbCMu eRBa¼Kat´minmanGMeNay Eck[EtRkumRbwkßamanGMeNay (kic©smÖasn_TI3).

kic©shkarrvagemPUminigRkumRbwkßak_manecaTCabBaHaxø¼Edr. emPUmimin manvt þmanRKbkarRbCMurbsRkumRbwkßaeT edaysarKatminmaneBlRKbRKan (kic©© smÖasn_TI12). XMumYyánRbQmmuxnwgbBaHalMákedaysaremPUmiminshkar£ ²enAeBlEdleyIg[kargardl´Kat´ Kat´mineFVI GacfaKat´minec¼eFVI. eyIgcg´ [mankarbNþú¼bNþaldl´Kat´ (kic©smÖasn_11).

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kic©shRbt ibtþikarCamYyGaCJaFr minEmnsuT§EtTTYlánlT§plCaviC¢ manTaMgGs´eT eTa¼bICaRkumRbwkßaRtUvkarCMnYyBIrdæaPiálkñúgkarGnuvt þvimCÄkar[ ánRtwmRtUvk¾eday. RkumRbwkßaXMu10ánelIkeTLIgfa b¨UlIsminánRáb´RkumRbwkßa GMBIskmμPaBrbs´eKenAkúñgXMueT£ ²BYkeKmineKarBeyIgeT³ (kic©smÖasn_10). karelIkeTLIgen¼bBa¢ak´fa RkumRbwkßaáncat´Tukb¨UlIs nigkgraCGavuFhtSCaGñk tMNag[rdæaPiál. en¼bgHajBITMnak´TMngd_sμ úKsμajmYyenAfñak´mUldæan.

4- dMeNa¼RsayCemøa¼ RkumRbwkßaánniyayfa Kat´minmansmtSPaBkñúgkarkat´k þI enAeBlPaKI

kñúgCemøa¼minTTYlykkarsMrbsMrYl. krNIdUcen¼RtUvbBa¢ÚneTAtulakar. Rkum Rbwkßaánniyayfa RkumRbwkßaGnuvt þdMeNa¼RsayCemøa¼eRkARbB&n§tulakar kñúg eKalbMng[mannUvkarsMrbsMrYlCaCagkarKMuKYnKñaeTAvijeTAmk (kic©smÖasn_TI 8). RkumRbwkßaxø¼manKN£kmμkareda¼RsayCemøa¼ (kic©smÖasn_2 nig11) EdlmansmasPaBCaRBwT§acarü emPUmi nigRB¼sgÇ. enAXMuepßgeTotKWCMTb´Ca Gñkp þl´dMbUnμandl´Blrdæ (kic©smÖasn_8 nig9). viFisaRsþen¼Gnuvt þn_pgEdr enAtamsg;at´. enAsg;at´elx4 CMTb´TI2manParkic©CaGñkeda¼RsayCemøa¼.

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37

¦rkdMeNa¼RsayCamYyRkumRbwkßa eRBa¼ebIeTAtulakar RtUvcMNayeRcIn (kic© smÖasn_7). bBaHaenARtg´fa RbCaBlrdæmineFVItamRkumRbwkßaRKb´eBlena¼eT£ RkumRbwkßaenAXMuelx12án[dwgfa RkumRbwkßaGaceda¼RsayánEtCMela¼mYy cMnYntUcb¨ueNÑa¼ eRBa¼RbCaBlrdæminsþab´tameyabl´RkumRbwkßaRKb´krNIena¼eT (kic©smÖasn_12). RkumRbwkßaxø¼fa KμanbBaHaekIteT,IgenAkñúgXMurbsKat´eT Rbkaren¼BiákeCONas´ enAeBlEdlGMeBIhigßakñúgRKYsarmanekIteTLIgCaeRcIn. CaRbkarmYYyviC¢man EdlRbCaBlrdæán[RkumRbwkßaCYyeda¼RsayCemøa¼ sr[ eXIjfaRkumRbwkßaánTTYlnUvkareKarBBIshKmn_.

38

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40

BlrdæcUlrYmena¼eKRákdCaEfrkßapøÚv eRBa¼mancMENkluyrbs´ eK³ (kic©smÖasn_TI7). tamsMdIen¼ TuncUlrYmrbs´RbCaBlrdæ manGtSRbeyaCn_BIr£ CYyksagpøÚv ehIymankarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBa¼ pøÚv eFVI[kat´bnSycMNayénkarEfrkßapøÚv. rdæaPiáltMrUv[shKmn_ cUlrYmTun10%énKMeragGPivDÆn_ eTIbrdæaPiálp þl´nUvcMnYnEdlenA esssl´.

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RkumRbwkßaCaeRcInánsMEdgBIkarkgVl´ nigxkcit þcMeBa¼karmineGIeBIrbs´ RbCaBlrdæ. GacmanehtupleRcIn. PaKeRcIn RbCaBlrdæmincab´GarmμN_ cMeBa¼kargarRkumRbwkßaEdlbMeBjsMrab´shKmn_£ ²RbCaBlrdæminxVl´GMBIRkum RbwkßaeT eKKitEtBIkargarCMnYjrbs´eK³ (kic©smÖasn_TI4). RkumRbwkßamñak´án niyayfa ²RbCaBlrdæminykcitþTukdak´nwgB&t’man EdlbiTenAelIk þarB&t’man eT eKKitEtGMBICIvPaBrsenArbseKEtbueNÑa¼³ (kic©smÖasn_TI3). RkumRbwkßa catTukfabBaHaen¼GacbN þalmkBIRkumRbwkßa niglT§PaBrbs´RkumRbwkßa£

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²Rkum RbwkßaminmansmtSPaBRKb´RKan´ RbCaBlrdæánRáb´eyIgfa cg´eFVIGVIeFVIeTA Kat´minxVl´eT³ (kic©smÖasn_TI14). RkumRbwkßamankarlMákkñúgkareFVI[RbCa BlrdæcUlrYm£ ehtuplKW RbCaBlrdæRk mincab´Garm μN_kñúgkarcUlrYm ¦ Cab´rvl´nwgkargar. enAkñúgsg;at´mYy KμankarshkarBIBlrdæeT eRkABIkar cUlrYmrbs´emPUmikñúgkic©RbCMu (kic©smÖasn_TI7).

RkumRbwkßaxø¼elIkeT,IgBIsmtSPaBGñkcUlrYm£ ²minsUvmanRbCaBlrdæ eRcIncUlrYmkarRbCMueT ehIyebImkk¾minmanKMnitGVIEdr. eTa¼Cay¨agNak¾man®s þI CYykargarRkumRbwkßa nigemPUmicUlrYmkarRbCMu. eyIgGeBa¢IjRbCaBlrdæ[cUlrYm BiPakßaGMBIEpnkarGPivDÆn_ ebIminGBa©wgeKminmkeT. eyIgánEbgEckRbCaBl rdæCaBIrRkumKWRkumburs nigRkum®s þI EteKenAEtK μanKMnit³ (kic©smÖasn_15). RKan´EtcUlrYmRbCMuminmann&yfacUlrYmeT RbkarsMxan´RtUvepþatelIlT§PaBénkar cUlrYmeFVIkarsMerccit þ. RkumRbwkßaánri£rkmeFüaáynana edIm,ITak´TajRbCa Blrdæ. CMerIsmYyKW[GMeNayCamHÚb£ RbCaCnRkIRkcUlrYmeRcIn GñkmanRTBü smLtþimincab´GarmμN_nwgGMeNayen¼eT (kic©smÖasn_TI3). viFIsa®s þmYyeTot KWliixitGeBa¢IjmanelxehIy enAeBlRbCMueyIgeFVIkarcab´eqñat³ (kic©smÖasn_ TI4). RkumRsavRCavseg;teXIjfa RkumRbwkßaánri£rkviFICaeRcInedIm,I[RbCa BlrdæcUlrYm. kar[GMeNayedIm,I[RbCaBlrdæcUlrYm CaRbkarmYyminlðeT ehIyGacCabBaHacMeBa¼karcUlrYmkñúgskmμPaBnanarbs´KNbkßneyaáy ¦ eBleá¼eqñat.

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viFImYyeTot KWeFVIkareRCIserIstMNagbEnSmrbs´Blrdæ dUcCatMNag rbs´CnCatimUsøIm tMNag®s þI ¦RBwT§acarüEdlRtUvánGeBa¢IjcUlrYmRbCMuCamYy RkumRbwkßaCaCagGeBa¢IjGñkPUmiTaMgGs´£ ²eKándwgGMBItMNagRkumrbs´eK³ (kic© smÖasn_TI1). RbCaBlrdæ ¦RkumRbwkßaCaGñkeRCIserIstMNagTaMgena¼£ ²eyIg ánsMerccitþGeBa¢IjEttMNag eRBa¼RbCaBlrdæCab´rvl´ (kic©smÖasn_TI5). sg;at´mYycMnYnáneRbIRás´viFIsa®s þen¼ EdlGacCadMeNa¼RsayCak´Es þg cMeBa¼karcUlrYm eTa¼bICaemIleTAhak´dUcCaminebIkTUlay[saFarN£CnCaTU eTAáncUlrYmRbCMu (kic©©smÖasn_TI9).

karelIkeTLIgrbs´emXMu ánbBa¢ak´bEnSmBIkarlMák kñúgkarFana[man karcUlrYmBIRbCaBlrdæ£ bBaHamYyeToténkarcUlrYmminRKb´RKan´ KWeKminp þl´Tun cUlrYmáneRcIneT. RbCaBlrdæmincab´GarmμN_nigmincg´cUlrYm (kic©smÖasn_ TI11). eTa¼bICay¨agen¼kþI k¾mansBaØaNviC¢manEdr. RkumRbwkßamñak´án niyayfa }TLÚven¼mankargayRsYlCagRáMqñaMmun kñúgkarGeBa¢IjRbCaBlrdæcUl rYm (kic©smÖasn_TI18). RbCaBlrdæEdlcUlrYm ányl´GMBIdMeNIrkarvimCÄ kar. bgðaj[eXIjfa mankareCOnelOn eRBa¼RbCaBlrdæándwgBIkarcUlrYm kñúgGPiálkic©mUldæan. PaBeCaKC&yénkarcUlrYmrbs´RbCaBlrdæKW sSitenA elIsñaédrbs´RkumRbwkßa. ebIsinCaKMeragmináncab´ep þImeFVI ¦eFVIbBa©b´dUcEdl áneRKagTuk RbCaCnnwgát´bg´CMenOelIRkumRbwkßa kñúgkarpøas´bþÚrsSanPaBrs´ enA nigmanGarmμN_fakarcUlrYmrbs´Kat´minmanCalT§plGVIeT.

2- Tsßn£rbs´RbCaBlrdæcMeBa¼karcUlrYm kfaxNÐen¼ep þatelITsßn£rbs´RbCaBlrdæ BItYnaTIrbs´Kat´cMeBa¼Rkum

Rbwkßa nigdMeNIrkarvimCÄkar. 63/1% énGñksmÖasn_ándwgGMBIkargar

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RkumRbwkßa (tarag7). en¼CatYelxmYyx<s´. 94/1%ándwgBITItaMgkariyal&y XMu. dUcen¼ GñkEdlmindwgBIkargarRkumRbwkßaGacdwgBIkEnøgEdlGacTTYlán B&t’manRbsinebIKat´cg´dwg. 48%ánniyayfa eKánGeBa¢IjKat´[cUlrYm

[cUlrYmkarRbCMu.

RkumRbwkßaKYrEtpßBVpßay [RbCaBlrdædwgfa BYkeKGaccUlrYmsþab´ kic©RbCuMnana rbs´RkumRbwkßaán Rbsin ebIeKcg´cUlrYm. 88/5%

niyayfaKat´cg´ dwg[áneRcInGMBIkargarRkumRbwkßa. en¼Ca sBaØaCaviC¢manmYy

EdlRkumRbwkßaRtUvyk karcab´ GarmμN_en¼edIm,ICMurujkargarRkum Rbwkßa.

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cMelIy cMnYn PaKrydwg 166 63/10 mindwg 97 36/90 srub 263 100/00

Gvt þman 8 srubrYm 271 tarag7£ etIGñkándwgGMBIkargarRkumRbwkßa XMusg;at´Edr¦eT?

RbCaBlrdæ mankarGakGnpgEdrcMeBa¼karbMeBjkargarRkumRbwkßa. 21/5%ánniyayfaRkumRbwkßa minánpþÜc epþImGVIedIm,I EkERbCIvPaBrs´enArbs´Kat´kñúg GMTLúgRáMqñaMen¼eT. 30/2% minTukcitþfa RkumRbwkßa nwgeRbIRás´luy[ánRtwmRtUv kñúgkarCYyshKmn_eT (tarag8). karxV¼ CMenOTukcitþen¼ nwgecaTCa«bsK:dl´kar shkard¾eCaKC&yrvagRkumRbwkßa nigRbCa Blrdæ.

cMelIy cMnYn PaKryTukcitþ 180 69/8 minTukcitþ 78 30/2 srub 258 100/0 Gvt þman 13 srubrYm 271 tarag8£ etIGñkTukcitþRkumRbwkßakñúgkareRbI Rás´luy[ánRtwmRtUvedIm,ICYyshKmn_ Edr¦eT?

eTa¼Cay¨agNak¾eday enAmancMnucCaviC¢manCaeRcInpgEdr dUcCa 35/4% áncUlrYmkarRbCMurbs´RkumRbwkßamYydg ¦eRcIndg ehIy 91/9% áneqøIyfaRkumRbwkßaenATIen¼edIm,ICYyRbCaBlrdæ.

CasrubcMeBa¼karcUlrYmrbs´RbCaBlrdæ karbN þú¼bNþalKYrep þatelI lT§PaBénkarcUlrYmCaCagsiTi§énkarcUlrYm. Tsßn£kic©XMu-sg;at´ KMrUGacCMruj pgEdrcMeBa¼karcUlrYm.

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3- Tsßn£rbs´RkumRbwkßaBIkarcUlrYm BIsiT§iénkarcUlrYmkarRbCMu RkumRbwkßa97%áneqøIyfa RbCaBlrdæman

siTi§cUlrYm. cMelIyen¼ánbgHajfa RkumRbwkßayl´dwgeRcInGMBItYnaTIkñúgkar cUlrYmrbs´RbCaBlrdæ.

sþIBIkarCUnB&t’mandl´RbCaBlrdæGMBIkarsMerccit þrbs´RkumRbwkßa Rkum Rbwkßaniyayfa ánBwgBak´emPUmiedIm,ICUndMNwgdl´RbCaBlrdæGMBIkargarRkum Rbwkßa. meFüaáymYyeTotKW GeBa¢IjRbCaBlrdæ[cUlrYmRbCMu ¦biTpßayelIkþar Bt’man EdlmanEcgenAkñúgcLab´[RkumRbwkßaeFVIkarpßBVpßaynUvB&t’mannana.

89/4%ánniyayfa mUlehtu EdlRbCaBlrdæmincUlrYmKWKat´Cab´rvl´ nwgkargar. 45/5%fa Kat´mincab´ GarmμN_kargarRkumRbwkßa (tarag9). 27/3% niyayfa «bsK:d¾FMbMputcMeBa¼ eCaKC&yénvimCÄkar KWkgV¼karcUlrYm BIRbCaBlrdæ.

tamkarsmÖasn_CamYyRkumRbwkßa mancMnucmYy énkargarrbs´RkumRbwkßa

etIehtuplGVIEdlBlrdæmincUlrYm ? cMnYn PaKry KμaneBlevla kargareRcIn 59 89/40 mincabGarmμN_nwgkargar RkumRbwkßa 30 45/50 minyldwgBIneyaáy 29 43/90 mankarP&yxøac 8 12/10 minGeBa¢IjKat[cUlrYm 10 15/20 ehtuplepßgeTot 14 21/20 srub 150 tarag9£ etIehtuplGVIEdlRbCaBlrdæmincUlrYm?

EdlRbCaBlrdæáncUlrYm KWkareFVIIEpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©sg:m. 95% niyay faRbCaBlrdæáncUlrYm.

RkumRbwkßaniyayfa RbCaBlrdæmansiT§icUlrYm kñúgkarRbCMuRkumRbwkßa mann&yfa Kat´yl´dwgGMBIc,ab´Tak´TgnwgkarcUlrYmrbs´Blrdæ. b¨uEnþebI

46

BinitüBIkarGnuvt þcLab´vij rUbPaBhak´dUc CaminviC¢man. 98%ánGeBa¢IjRbCa Blrdætamry£emPUmi 85%ánGeBa¢Ij edaypÞal´ ehIy 70%ánbiTRbkas elIk þarB&t’man (tarag10).

RkumRbwkßaánsnñidæanfa GñkTTYl xusRtUvkñúgkarGPivDÆn_ shKmn_CaRkum

cMnYn PaKry biTRbkas ¦k þaBt’man 47 70/10 emPUmi 66 98/50 karGeBa¢IjCalkçN£buK:l 57 85/10 meFüaáyepßg@eTot 22 32/80 srub 192 tarag10£ etIGñkeFVIdUcem þcedIm,IelIkTwkcit þ[ RbCaBlrdæcUlrYm?

Rbwkßa emPUmi nigRbCaBlrdæTaMgGs´Kña. RkumRbwkßamYycMnYntUcKitfa CakarTTYl xusRtUvrbs´Gg:karminEmnrdæaPiál ¦Gg:karshRbCaCati. karrkeXIjen¼ smRsbCamYylT§plepßg@eTot nigmanGarmμN_fa RkumRbwkßamankarcab´ GarmμN_ [manmtieyabl´BIRbCaBlrdæ.

47

48

EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©sg:m

RkumRbwkßaEdlánsmÖasn_ áncab´ep þImGnutþn_ EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© sg:mrbs´xøÜn. KMeragEpnkarRtUvánBinitüeT,IgvijCaerogral´qñaM CaBiessenA eBlelIkEpnkar RkumRbwkßaEtgEtbBa©ÚlKMnitrbs´RbCaBlrdæ. RkumRbwkßaTTYl Rák´viPaCn_BIrdæaPiálRbcaMqñaM tamTMhMénXMu nigcMnYnRbCaBlrdæ. fvika EdlTTYlánena¼ mYyEpñkRtUvykeTAGnuv t þn_KMeragGPivDÆn_TMhMtUcenAtamPUmi nigshKmn_. RbCaBlrdæRtUvcUlrYmTuncMeBa¼KMerag Cakarp þl´{kas[Kat´án eXIjpÞal´BIlT§plénTuncUlrYmrbs´Kat´. ²eyIgeTApÞ¼RbCaBlrdæedIm,IdwgBI esck þIRtUvkar ehIyelIkKMeragEpnkartamesck þIRtUvkarena¼. eyIgmanKN£ kmμaFikarTTYlkargaren¼. RbCaBlrdæcUlrYmTunBI10 eTA15%éntMélKMerag

(kic©smÖasn_ TI2).

1- EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©sg:m Epñken¼ep þatelIkaryl´dwgrbs´RkumRbwkßa GMBIKMeragGPivDÆn_esdækic© sg:m niglT§plEdlsMercánenAkñúgGaNt þiTI1.

kareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆn_KW EpðkelIdMeNIrkar11CMhankMNt´edayrdæaPiál£ ²eyIgmanKMerag5qñaMepþatelI esdækic© sg:mkic© brisSan rdæál nig EynD&r. eyIg[RbCaBlrdæsresrnUvGVIEdlCatMrUvkarcaMác´rbs´Kat´. eBl ánB&t’manehIy eyIgpþl´GaTiPaBfaRtUvksagpøÚvmYyNamun. RbCaBlrdæcUl rYmkic©karen¼ eRBa¼Kat´cg´[ánpøÚvlðCagmun gayRsYldwkCBa¢Únplitpl rbs´Kat´ (kic©smÖasn_ TI4).

49

k- CMhanTImYyKW RkumRbwkßaRtUvmankarRbCMuBiPakßaGMBIKMeragEdlRtUvkar nigfvikarbs´XMu. karRbCMuen¼p þl´CaKMnitdMbUg[RkumRbwkßa.

x- CMhanbnÞab´ RkumRbwkßa¦emPUmiEsVgrkmti nigesckþIRtUvkarrbs´ RbCaBlrdæ. XMunImYy@mankarGnuvtþepßg@BIKña. enAkñúgXMuxø¼man KN£kmμaFikarTTYlbnÞúkeFVIEpnkar nigsaksYrRbCaBlrdæGMBIbBaHa nigcMNucEklMG. CYnkalGacGeBa¢IjRbCaBlrdænigemPUmi[cUlrYm RbCMumþgeTot.

K- KMnitEdlTTYlBIkarRbCMuen¼ RtUvykeTABiPakßaenAXMu ehIypþl´GaTi PaBedayRkumRbwkßa eBlxø¼mankarcUlrYmBIemPUmiEdr.

viFICaTUeTAmYyeTotenAkñúgkareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆn_ tamRbsasn_emXMu (kar smÖasn_TI5) ²kareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆn_áneFVIeT,IgkñúgeBlRbCMu EdlmankarcUlrYm BIRkumRbwkßa emPUmi GñktMNag RbCaBlrdæ nigGñksμ &RKcit þshKmn_ eday epþatelIRbFanbTmYycMnYn. bnÞab´mk eFVIkarsaksYrRbCaBlrdæ ehIy[Kat´ sresrBIesckþIRtUvkar EdlXMuykmkkMNt´CaGaTiPaB. eyIgRáb´RbCaBlrdæ fa karsagpøÚvKWsMrab´shKmn_TaMgmUl. RbCaBlrdæyl´BIbBaHaen¼ ehIyán cUlrYmRák´viPaKTan (kic©smHasn_TI5).

EpnkarGPivDÆn_PaKeRcInep þatelIehdæarcnasm<&n§ nigGN þÚgTwk eRBa¼Ca tMrUvkarnigbMNgRáfñarbs´Kat´. enAtamsg;at´ KMeragGPivDÆn_epþatelIehdæa rcnasm<&n§ nigRbB&n§lU. CaRbkarmYyKYr[cab´Garm μN_ Edlsg;at´áncat´ TukpøÚvniglUCaGaTiPaB. sg;at´xø¼ánRáb´BIcMnYnpøÚvEdlánsagsg´ Edlán sMrYldl´karrs´enArbs´BlrdæenAkñúgsg;at´.

50

RbkarEdlRkumRbwkßaksagpøÚv niglU eRBa¼RbCaBlrdæGaceXIjlT§pl énkarrYmcMENkrbs´Kat´ ksagCMenOTukcit þelIRkumRbwkßa. pøÚvsðatk¾CanimitþrYb mYyEdlGaceXIjTaMgGs´Kña. XMuEdlmanehdæarcnasm<&n§lð Gaccat´Tukfa mankarrIkcMerIn nigeCaKC&ykñúgRkEsEPñkénGñkPUmi. elIsBIen¼ ksagpøÚvCakar gayRsYlkñúgkarelIkEpnkar edayRKan´EtCYlshRKin ehIyTTYllT§pl kñúgry£eBlxøI. XuMRákdCamankarlMákCag enAkñúgkarbRg;abbT«Rkidæ ¦ bBaÄb´GMeBIhigßakñúgRKYsar. ebIsinCaksagpøÚvminánlð XMunwgCYbRbT¼bBaHa TwkCMnn´ bnÞab´BIePøógxøaMg eFVI[b¼Bal´dl´karRbkbrbrrbs´RbCaBlrdæ.

CaTUeTA RkumRbwkßamankareBjcit þnwglT§plEdlTTYlán. Kat´TTYl s:al´fa minánbMeBjGs´nUvKMeragEdlánelIkeTLIy edaysarkgV¼fvika nig karcUlrYmrbs´Blrdæ edayminelIkBIkgV¼xaténkarbMeBjParkic©rbs´xøÜneTLIy (kic©smÖasn_TI1). RkumRbwkßaán niyayfamankarGPivDÆn_CaeRcInenAkñúg shKmn_ dUcCasalaeron pßar nigpøÚvlðCaedIm£ ²TaMgen¼KWedaysarKMeragán ecjBIBlrdæ BIRkumRbwkßa minEmnmkBIfñak´elIeToteT³. TnÞwmnwgkarsMercán nUvsmiTi§plmYycMnYnen¼ RkumRbwkßaenAmankarRbQmnwgbBaHaepßgeTotTak´Tg nwgKMeragGPivDÆn_£ ²RbCaBlrdæminsbLaycitþeTebICYsCulEtpøÚvmYy ehIymin CYsCulpøÚvepßgeTot. eBlmanpøÚvfμ I eKk_minniyayfapøÚvfμ Ip þl´kþþIsgÄwmena¼eT² (kic©smÖasn_TI3).

eBlxø¼mankarxusKñaq¶ayrvagPaBRbQmEdlXMuCYbRbT¼ nigkareFVIEpn karGPivDÆn_. RkumRbwkßamñak´ánelIkeTLIgGMBIbBaHasn þisuxEdlsg;at´CYbRbT¼ k¾ b¨uEnþKMeragGPivDÆn_epþatelIpøÚv niglUeTAvij. eBlecaTsYrBIdMeNa¼RsaybBaHa sn þisux Kat´eqøIyfasn þisuxminEmnCabBaHafvika nigvinieyaKdUcpøÚveT (kic©

51

smÖasn_TI10). RkumRsavRCavánsYrRkumRbwkßamYyeTotfa ehtuGVIánCaEpn karGPivDÆn_ep þatelIpøÚv niglU ebIbBaHaKWPaBRkIRk nigsn þisux. Kat´eqøIyfa ²en¼RKan´EtCaCMhandMbUgedIm,Ikat´bnSyPaBRkIRk³. cMeBa¼dMNak´kalbn þeTot Kat´mindwgeT eRBa¼Kat´CitbBa©b´GaNt þiehIy (kic©smÖasn_TI7).

qøgtamkarsmÖasn_eXIjfa RkumRbwkßamanbMNgRáfñacg´[manPaBpøas´bþÚrmux mat´fμ I ehIymankartUccit þ edayminGacbMeBjtamesck þIRtUvkar nigbMNg Ráfñarbs´RbCaBlrdæ £ ²RbCaBlrdæRtUvkareRcIn EteyIgminGacbMeBjtam RKb´esck þIRtUvkarena¼eT. RbCaBlrdænwgtv¨a ebIKμanpøÚvenAmuxpÞ¼Kat´³ (kic© smÖasn_TI5).

bBaHamYyeTotKWbBaHahirBaØvtSú. RkumRbwkßaniyayfa£ ²eyIgminGac niyayfa fvikaEdlTTYlánBIrdæaPiálminRKb´RKan´ena¼eT EtebIáneRcIn Cagen¼ CakarRbesIr. ebITTYláneCaKC&yqñaMen¼ qñaMeRkaynwgTTYlán fvikabnþeTot. EtebIbraC&y eKnwgykluyeTAvij³ (kic©smÖasn_TI7). emXMumñak´ánep þatelIbBaHaRbmUlluyBIRbCaBlrdæ£ ²KMeragEpnkarGPivDÆn_ep þat elIbBaHasn þisux ksikmμ karbN þú¼bNþþal. bBaHaKWTuncUlrYmrbs´RbCaBlrdæ eKRBegIyken þIy eBlEdleyIgesñIsMuluyBIeK (kic©smÖasn_TI10). Rbkar en¼GaceFVI[RkumRbwkßamankarlMák enAkñúgkareFVIKMeragGPivDÆn_ry£eBlEvg eRBa¼KMeragGacmantMélx<s´Cag ehIyRtUvkareRcInqñaMedIm,IánlT§plCarUbrag.

RkumRbwkßaánTTYlkabN þú¼bNþal BIkareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆn_ b¨uEnþán sMNUmBrsMu[mankarrMlwkelIRbFanbTen¼EfmeTot. bBaHamYyeTotKWkaredj éfø. RkumRbwkßaxV¼CMnajbec©keTs edIm,IvaytémøBIKuNPaBkargarRkumh‘unedj

52

éføKMerag. manátuPaBBIkarsagsg´pøÚvminmanKuNPaB 2qñaMeRkaymk pøÚvxUc ehIyRtUvkarCYsCuleTLIgvij (kic©smÖasn_TI17).

Tsßn£EdlTTYlánBIkarsmÖasn_bgHajfa dMeNIrkarvimCÄkaráneFVI[ mankarpøas´bþÚrmYy BIrebobénkarGnuvt þKMeragGPivDÆn_enAmUldæan£ ²eyIgeFVIkar EpðkelImtieyabl´rbs´RbCaBlrdæ. eyIgep þatelIksikmμ nigksagpøÚv. RbCa BlrdæCYyksagRbB&n§Farasa®s þ EteyIgminGacbgçMKat´[eFVIdUckalsm&yExμr Rkhmena¼eT vafitenAelIkarsMerccitþrbs´Kat´ (kic©smÖasn_TI9). epþImecj BIen¼ eXIjfasMelgrbs´RbCaBlrdæman}Ti§Bl. sMelgen¼enAexßay Et ebIRbCaBlrdæcg´p þl´KMnit RkumRbwkßaPaKeRcInnwgp þl´{kas[Kat´cUlrYm.

2- Tsßn£rbs´RkumRbwkßa

RkumRbwkßa ánTTYlkarbNþú¼ bNþalBIkareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆn_. 87% eBjcit þnwglT§pl énkarGnuvtþKMerag GPivDÆn_ ehIycat´TukCaeCaKC&ymYy (taragTI 11).

ecaTsYrBIkarTTYlxusRtUv GPi vDÆn_shKmn_ RkumRbwkßaáneqøIyfa KWCakarTTYlxusRtUvrbs´RkumRbwkßa em PUmi nigGñkPUmi. en¼bgHajfaRkumRbwkßa

cMnYn PaKry

TTYlánlT§pllð-eCaK C&y 47 87/00

lMákEteyIgxitxMbBa©b KMerag 4 7/40

eyablepßg@eTot 3 5/60 srub 54 100/00 Gvt þman 14 srub 68 tarag11£ etIGñkyl´y¨agNacMeBa¼kareFVIKMerag EpnkarGPivDÆn_

TTYls:al´BItYnaTIénPaKITaMgbI ehIykarGPivDÆn_RtUvcabep þImBIshKmn_xøÜnÉg pÞal. RkumRbwkßadwgfa minEmnrdæaPiálEtmñak´eT Edlpþl´karGPivDÆn_[

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shKmn_. cMeBa¼KMeragEpnkarGPivDÆn_ RáMqñaM RkumRbwkßaánepþatelIkarsagsg pøÚv nigsMNg´. karksagpøÚvGacrYm cMENkelIkkMBs´CIvPaBrs´enArbs´RbCa Blrdæ eRBa¼CYysMrYlkareFVIdMeNIreTA salaeron nigykksipleTATIpßar (taragTI12).

cMnYn PaKry ksagpøÚv nigsMNg 64 97/00 karGbrMnigGkçrkmμrYmTaMg karsagsgsala 50 75/80 elIkkMBssuxPaB 58 87/90 elIkkMBssSanPaB®s þI 55 83/30 bBaHaepßg@eTot 19 28/80 srub 246 taragTI12£ etIKMeragGPivDÆn_epþatelIGVI

3- Tsßn£RbCaBlrdæcMeBa¼EpnkarGPivDÆn_ CakarbgHajnUvkareCOCak´ RbCa

Blrdæánniyayfa RkumRbwkßaáneFVI[ mankarpøas´bþÚrmuxmat´ (tarag 13).

40/1%TTYls:al´fa RkumRbwkßaáneFVI [mankarpøas´bþÚrd_FMmYy enAkñúgkarGPi vDÆn_shKmn_ . 53%Kitfa man karpøas´bþÚrtictYc ehIysMNUmBr[man KMerageRcInCagen¼ enAGaNt þieRkay. 7% faRkumRbwkßamináneFVI[mankarxus EbøkGVIeT cMeBa¼CIvPaBrs´enArbs´Kat´. mankarxusKñabnþiccMeBa¼Tinñn&y Edl TTYlánKW 51/9% faminEdlándwg BIKMeragGPivDÆn_eT (tarag14). Gac

cMnYn PaKry maneFVIkarpøasb þÚreRcIn 115 40/1 mantictYcsMNUmBr[manKMerageRcIn

152 53/0

KμanGVIpøasb þÚreT 20 7/0 srub 287 100/0 tarag13£ etIGñkKitfaRkumRbwkßaeFVI[mankar GPivDÆn_enAkñúgXMurbs´Gñk¦eT?

cMnYn PaKry

dwg 117 48/10 mindwg 126 51/90 srub 243 100/00 Gvt þman 28 srubrYm 271 tarag14£ etIGñkFøab´dwgBIEpnkarGPivDÆn_eT ?

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snñidæanfa RbCaBlrdæminEdl|BIKMerag ¦Kat´mincg´niyayminlðBIkarRKb´ RKgenAmUldæan.

RkumRbwkßaányl´BI²EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©sg:m³ ehIycat´TukfaCa RtIvis&ysMrab´dwknaMkargarRkumRbwkßa nigelIkkMBs´CIvPaBrs´enArbs´shKmn_. RkumRbwkßaRbmUlKMnitBIRbCaBlrdæ EtmineRbIRás´KMnitTaMgRsug edIm,IkMNt´kar garEdlRtUveFVIeT. dUcen¼KMeragPaKeRcInep þatelI karksagpøÚv nigRbB&n§lU enAeBlEdlesck þIRtUvkarrbs´BlrdæmaneRcIn nigs μ úKsμaj. CakarBitEdlfa XMuxitxMeda¼RsaybBaHaFM@dUcCasn þisux eRKOgejon (enATIRkug) nigPaBRkIRk. karelIkKMeragRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgbBaHaTaMgen¼ mankarlMáknwgTTYláneCaKC&y

CakargayRsYlCagkñúgkareRCIserIskarksagpøÚv. Rbkaren¼GaceFVI[b¨¼Bal´ TaMgRkumRbwkßa nigm©as´TuncUlrYm. RkumRsavRCavyl´eXIjfa KYrbN þú¼ bNþalRkumRbwkßaGMBIkarBRgIkKMeragGPivDÆn__.

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karCYbsmÖasn_CamYyRkumRbwkßa ánp þl´B&t’manBIsSanPaBénkarGnuvt þ vimCÄkarenAkm<úCa enAtMbn´TIRkug nigCnbT. eTa¼bICaminGaceFVIkarsnñidæan CarYmenATUTaMgRbeTs edaysarcMnYn nigkareRCIserIsGñksmÖasn_ k¾eyIgGac eXIjnUvninñakarnanaEdlEs þgeT,IgenAtamXMu-sg;at´EdlánsmÖasn_.

CaTUeTA enATIRkugPñMeBjRkumRbwkßayl´dwgBIParkic©rbs´Kat´ faRtUvbMeBj kic©karEdlGaCJaFrCatiáneFVIRbtiPUkmμ[ nigbMerIRbCaBlrdæedaybMeBjtam esck þIRtUvkar nigCMurujkarGPivDÆn_. RBmKñaena¼Edr RkumRbwkßaKitfadMeNIrkar vimCÄkarCakargarlMák ehIyhYsBIlT§PaBnigsmtSPaBrbs´Kat´. Kat´mindwg faRtUvGnuvt þskmμPaBy¨agdUcemþc. karbN þú¼bN þalbEnSmBImuxCMnajEdlBak´ B&n§CakarcaMác´.

RkumRbwkßaXMu-sg;at´ cat´TukkarrYmviPaKTanrbs´xøÜnenAkñúgkarGPivDÆn_ shKmn_CaParkic©sMxan´ nigTTYláneCaKC&ytamkMritepßg@Kña. RbkarEdl KYrcab´GarmμN_KW KMeragánepþatelIehdæarcnasm<&n§ (karksagpøÚv nigRbB&n§ lU). KMeragTaMgen¼ánCYyGñkmanCIvPaBFUFar ÉGñkRkánTTYltictYcb¨ueNÑa¼. dUcen¼ KYrbBa©Úlesck þIRtUvkarrbs´GñkTITl´RkbMputenAkñúgEpnkarGPi vDÆn_XMu.

RkumRbwkßaánBnül´fa£ ²karGnuvtþeTAtamRkbx&NÐcLab´mankarlMák eRBa¼vimCÄkarCadMeNIrkarfμ IsMrab´km<úCa. en¼CakþIsgÇwmmYy edaysarRkumRbwkßa nwgeronsURttamkarGnuvtþCak´Esþg. RkumRbwkßaKitfa bBaHanwgGaceda¼Rsay bnþicmþg@ enAeBlEdlvimCÄkarQancUleTAkñúgGaNtþiTIBIr. RkumRbwkßaemIl

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eXIjkarbNþú¼bNþalpþl´[edaym©as´CMnYy nigGg:kareRkArdæaPiálnana Cakar CYyRkumRbwkßaeda¼RsaybBaHa nig[yl´dwgBIRkbxNÐcLab´. sSanPaBhirBaØ vtSúsþÜcesþIgCa«bsK:mYyeTot EdlsMu[mankarKaMRTRkumRbwkßaCahirBaØvtSú ¦ bNþú¼bNþalBIrebobesñIsMuCMnYy. RkumRbwkßaBwgEpðkelIkarshkarrbs´emPUmi edImLIbMeBjParkic©. Rbkaren¼eFVI[RkumRbwkßaándwgBIlT§PaB nigsmtSPaB rbs´xøÜnfa vimCÄkarGacGnuvtþánedayeCaKC&ylu¼RtaEtmanédKU.

TMnak´TMngGMNacenAmUldæank_edIrtYsMxan´pgEdr. RkumRbwkßaPaKeRcIn áncUlrYmkargarneeyaáymUldæantaMgBITsßvtßTI80. cMnYnelIslb´énsma CikRkumRbwkßabursbgHaj[eXIjfa ®sþIenAminTan´manGaTiPaBkñúgneyaáymUl dæanenAeTLIy. KNbkßRbCaCnkm<úCa CaKNbkßneyaáyQanmuxeK Edl PaKeRcInénemXMuCasmaCikrbs´KNbkß. kgV¼smaCikRkumRbwkßa®sþI nigKNbkß RbqaMgmYyexßay GacQaneTAneyaáyÉkt;. KYrmankarRsavRCavbEnSmeTot edIm,I[dwgfa KMeragelIkeTLIgedayRkumRbwkßa ánbMeBjnUvesckþIRtUvkar nig bMNgRáfñarbs´RbCaBlrdæánkMritNa.

ktþaviC¢manmYysþIBIkarcUlrYmrbs´RbCaBlrdæKW eKándwgBIEpnkarGPi vDÆn_esdækic©sg:m. RkumRbwkßamankargayRsYlenAkñúgkar[RbCaBlrdæcUlrYm kñúgkargaren¼. RbCaBlrdæCaeRcIn áncUlrYmkarRbCMu nigánpþl´KMnitBIKMerag EdlKat´cg´ánenAkñúgXMurbs´Kat´. RkumRbwkßaánsMerccitþ[RbCaBlrdæcUlrYm viPaKTankñúgKMerag tamlT§PaBEdlRbCaBlrdæman.

manRbCaBlrdætictYcNas´ Edlcab´GarmμN_BIkargarXMu-sg;at´ Rkum Rbwkßafa RbCaBlrdæminyl´BIsar£sMxan´énkarcu¼sMbuRtkMeNIt nigsMbuRtGaBah’ BiBah’eT. esÞIrEtKμanRbCaBlrdæcUlrYmkarRbCMuRbcaMEx rbs´XMu-sg;at´. Gac

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bNþalmkBIRkumRbwkßaminánRáb´fa RbCaBlrdæmansiTi§cUlrYm nigelIkBI KMnitrbs´xøÜn. enAeBlGnaKt KYrykcit þTukdak´kñúgkarCMruj[RbCaBlrdæcUl rYm[áneTogTat´kñúgkarGPivDÆshKmn_. kic©shRbtibtþikard¾CitsñiT§vagRbCa Blrdæ nigRkumRbwkßanwgnaM[mankareKarBtYnaTITaMgsgxag.

vimCÄkarCarbt´mYysMxan´Nas´ sMrab´RbCaFibetyüd_ek μgx©Irbs´km<úCa ehIyGñkEdlmanBak´B&n§enAkñúgdMeNIrkaren¼ caMác´RtUvkarCMnYy«btSmÖTaMgGs´ edImLIFananUveCaKC&yénvimCÄkar.

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viTüasSanExμredÍm,IlT§iRbCaFibetyü®tUvánbeg;ItCaGg:kareRkArdæaPiálenAéf¶TI06 Extula qñaM1992 eday RkumRbCaCnkm<úCa-Gaemric.

kargarrbs´viTüasSanKWedÍm,ICMrujtMéllT§iRbCaFibetyüenAkñúgsg:mkm<úCa edayRbkan´nUvneyaáyGBüaRkwtü. víTüasSanmanskmμPaBmYycMnYn edÍm,ICMrujsNþab´Fñab´énlT§iRbCaFietyüesrIniym dUckarkMNt´edaykic© RBmeRBogTIRkugá¨rIskñúgqñaM1991 edayEpðkelIRbB&n§lT§iRbCaFietyüesrIBhubkß siT§imnusß nigkareKarB c,ab´dUcmanEcgenAkñúgrdæFmμnuBaØénRB¼raCaNacRkkm<úCa.

víTüasSanExμredÍm,IlT§iRbCaFibetyüánkøayCaédKUrbs´mUlniFi xunra¨d GadíneNAEG‘r enAqñaM1994.

pÞ¼elx 5¿ pøÚvelx 57¿ sg;at´bwgekgkg1¿ x&NÐcMkarmn PñMeBj¿ RB¼raCaNacRkkm<úCa RbGb´sMbuRtelx 117¿ TUrs&BÞ £ (855) 023 214 928 TUrsar £ (855) 023 216 206 GuIEm¨l £ director.kid@online.com.kh

eKhTMB&r £ http://www.online.com.kh/users/kid

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