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ahatma Gandhi's Leadership

ted: Feb 25, 2010 |Comments: 0 | Views: 512 |

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hy and the timid boy became mature and confident man because of one event in his life, while traveling in a train, a white

son in South Africa tried to throw him out because of his color, this made an everlasting impression on Mr. M. K. Gandhi and

de him determined to fight against racial discrimination. Reasons which made him great were his capacity to understand the

ation, understand the pulse of the people and deal with the problem creatively. Gandhi was clear in his vision that British could

be defeated through violence. Hence, he used his peaceful Satyagraha to protect against racial discrimination and economic

loitation under the British rule in India.

ther important decision taken by Mahatma Gandhi was about the relation between the leader and people. Immediately after

ming to India from South Africa, he traveled throughout India. He reached the conclusion that he should come to the level of

ple of India and live like them in order to motivate them for freedom struggle.

art leaders don't take too may decisions. They take very few decisions and are successful in creating great impact on the

come. Such leaders don't work within the system but upon the system. For instance, Mahatma Gandhi's decision of breaking

law at Dandi would have been a stupid act in normal circumstances. But he decided to travel from Ahmecabad to Dandi,

ering 830 kms on his feet and in the process, delivered number of speeches. This enlightened the people and they followed

. As a result of his move, Dandi Yatra became the symbol of freedom struggle.

ddition to Mahatma Gandhi's leadership contribution to freedom struggle,

other sifnificant contribution was nurturing of new leaders like Jawaharlal

ru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Abdul Kalam Azad, etc. Many of these leaders

different vision of future India that was not accepted by Mahatma Gandhi,

still, he encouraged them to express their views. This is a great attribute of

ative leaders.

he history of 5000 years if India, no other leader has been able to motivate

masses in a way made possible by Mahatma Gandhi. This was possible

ause Mahatma Gandhi tried to understand people in depth, Which no other

der has succeeded.

effective leader is one who knows how much force should be used and

en. Mahatma Gandhi was the master of this art. When he launched civil

obedience movement against British rule, some protesters used violence in

ce station at Chauri Chaura. As a consequence, Mahatma Gandhi

mediately called-of the movement despite opposition from every freedom

ter. The reason why Mahatma Gandhi called of the movement was that he feared that government may take strong action

ch the week freedom movement may not be able to bear. Movement might have dissipated or fissled out. But the sale

hatma Gandhi gave the call of "DO or Die" when he launched Quit India Movement. He knew that government has become

ek because of the Second World War and could be crushed with little force. Even though violence was resorted to at many

ces, but still Mahatma Gandhi continued with the movement. He had unique ability to take advantage of the opponent'sakness.

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8/3/2019 gandhiji 1

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Mahatma Gandhi - King of hearts

by Susmita Saha

Gandhi can be considered the most modern political thinker India has ever had. Heimbibed the best from the East and the West and evolved a political philosophy that

worked miracles. Today, in a polity steeped in corruption, perhaps there is a need torediscover Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi has been an integral part of Indian politics. His political

philosophy encompasses an assortment of elements stemming from his basic humanistic outlook. Though forhim there was no antithesis between spiritual and worldly matters, he embodied certain

fundamentalbeliefsfrom which he seldom deviated.

As he opined in his journal, Harijan: "There are eternal principles which admit of no compromise, and one mustbe prepared to lay down one'slife in the practice of them."

He adhered to these principles in all walks of his lifeand even extended them in his attempt to create aresurgence of the nationalistic spirit among Indians.

As West Bengal's Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharya points out in his research work titled Evolution ofthe Political Philosophy of Gandhi: "Mahatma Gandhi can be credited for belonging to the most modern typeof mass leader."

In 1919, when Gandhi took up the reins of the Indian National Congress, he imparted a new technique andorientation in spirit to the struggle for liberation. He introduced the concepts of nonviolence and non-cooperation, which not only suited the superior resources of the British Empire but also became the idealweapons of protest against the Government of India Act (1919) and the Rowlatt Act (1919).

Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement, however, took a definite form after the massacre at JallianwalaBagh, which compelled him to comment: "Cooperation in any shape or form with this satanic government issinful."

The spirit of non-cooperation and nonviolence that Gandhi infused in Indian politics is equally relevant inmodern times. The violent upheavals, antipathy in addressing major issues and lack of a rational dialogueamong parties that characterise the Indian political scene, emphasizes that a dedicated faith in the Gandhianpolitical doctrines have become the need of the hour.

As Bhattacharya points out: "In ancient political thought there was no philosophy of anarchism.Instead rajadharma (duty of the king) came to supercede all other dharmas, for if the king failed to protect hissubjects and ensure peace, all else was considered a futile exercise."

Political analyst U.N. Ghosal says: "The state was regarded in Hinduismas an essential instrument for securingnot merely the whole life, but... that the state was within certain limits virtually an end in itself."

Gandhi, whose political ideology was a harmonious amalgamation of western and eastern thoughts, did not

accept this near totalitarian concept of the state. Inspired by western thinkers such as Thoreau, Tolstoy and soon, he declared that power or political authority was not an end in itself.

Several critics have expressed that Gandhi regarded power to be "one of the means of enabling people tobetter their conditions in every department of life".

This recognition speaks of his awareness of the reality that is firmly imprinted on his political thought. Hispolitical actions were directed towards attaining power which, according to him, should not be concentrated inthe hands of a few but disseminated among the masses.

This political ideal becomes increasingly significant in the present socio-political scenario, when there is anincreasing tendency of power concentration in the hands of the privileged few.

Another aspect that is conspicuous in the Hindu political thought and has a significant impact on the psyche ofthe people is that revolt is one of the recognized rights of individuals and groups.

This concept is deeply imprinted in the mass psyche and played a significant role in the isolated uprisings that

Object4

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were a vital part of the Indian freedom struggle.

The duty and responsibility of the king is also clearly indicated. A king who did not abide by the dictatesofethics and justice was threatened with dire consequences in hell as well as revolt.

In Mahabharata, Bhishma goes to the extent of saying that the king who fails to protect his people should beslain by his subjects like a mad dog. Gandhi's clarion call for nonviolent revolt against the British is therefore acontinuation of the Indian tradition.

Interestingly, though Gandhi accepted the traditional injunction to revolt against a corrupt political authority, healso developed the tradition further by introducing satyagraha-a unique means of contradicting authority byavoiding violent manifestation of armed warfare.

The Civil Disobedience Movement started by Gandhi in 1930 is another political landmark in Indian history. Themassive exploitation of India's economic and human resources had compelled Gandhi to demand PurnaSwaraj (absolute independence) to which the British government had paid no heed.

The ultimatum, therefore, was presented in the form of a 'Eleven Point' programme to the Viceroy apprising himof the prevalent situation and suggesting its easing, failing which the Civil Disobedience movement would takeplace.

The movement was not merely a violation of the laws imposed by a foreign rule but a mass uprising. Thedramatic repercussions of a single act undertaken with the bold recognition of the intolerable grief of therepressed masses is a fundamental proof of Gandhi's potential as a mass leader.

Bhattacharya comments: "The nationalist movement in India, prior to Gandhi's advent, flowed in two streams-the constitutionalist agitation or 'the politics of mendicancy' on one side and the underground revolutionarymovement, popularly known as terrorism, on the other."

While these movements had their own roles in national regeneration and political freedom, these could notencompass the bulk of the population in the country. There was no 'serious politics' as Lenin had used theterm.

The Russian revolutionary wrote: "Politics begins where the masses are; not where there are thousands, but

millions, that is where serious politics begins."

Thus Gandhi can be rightly attributed the credit for introducing 'serious politics' in this country. He alsotransformed its nature, hitherto confined to the educated classes, to an authentic broad-based massmovement.

The historic task that confronted Gandhi's India was to strive for the complete liquidation of foreign imperialistdomination and colonial economic exploitation.

In fact, both national liberation and democratic transformationof the society were demands that had to befulfilled for a better arraignment of the society. But since society itself was divided owing to its differentinclinations, Gandhi had to formulate a philosophy that could cater to the mindset of all.

Since the major section of the Indian bourgeoisie was dependent on the British for their gains, they keptthemselves aloof from the national struggle. Gandhi's politics, however, was primarily concerned with raising

the consciousness of the masses and investing them with political authority to determine their own destiny.

Here he struck a new note in Indian politics.

Leadership Characteristics

It is said that leadership characteristics are inborn and cannot be made. It is neither difficult to learn to

be a leader. To know more about the attributes of a successful leader, read on...

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Good Leadership Characteristics

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one's mistakes. Every good leader, regardless of what field he is in, shows certain characteristics andstrategies in common. Listed below are thefour most important leadership qualities of good leader

Confidence: One of the most important characteristics of being a good leader is confidence. A

good leader must be confident in whatever he does. He must not be hesitant in taking decisions,

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maintains his calm, even during emergency situations.

Communication Skills: Another important characteristic a good leader must possess is proper

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Interpersonal Skills: A leader should also have good interpersonal skills and earn the trust and

confidence of his followers. They must also listen to their followers' grievances and give

constructive feedback where required. A good leader must also practice flexibility and must adapt

to various situations.

Decision-Making: A good leader must know how to take decisions in a matter of a second and

must be quick in making proper decisions when the time arises. He must also know how to

implement the decision and see that it works and is well received by his team members.

Effective Leadership Characteristics

Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other, as quoted by John F Kennedy. In order to be a

leader, there are many protocols that contribute to being an efficient leader. To be an effective leader, one

must possess the following effective leadership qualities and skills

Vision to Achieve the Goal: A leader with effective leadership qualities must have a clear vision

and goal of what he expects his team to do. A leader with a vision will effectively guide his

followers to achieve success.

Integrity: Another most important characteristic of an effective leader is integrity. He must be

trustworthy and reliable and must set an example before his followers. He also should possess

the courage to move ahead and do what is correct, no matter what the circumstances will be.

Enthusiasm and Goal Setting: An enthusiastic leader is always welcome in a team. If a person

is enthusiastic and lively and is passionate about setting short term and long term goals and

fulfilling them, then he will make an effective leader. A positive attitude is also an important trait

in a leader.

Resourceful and Decision-Making Abilities: An effective leader must possess good decision-

making abilities and should be a resourceful to fulfill the requirements of achieving targets. He

must also be empathetic towards his fellow teammates in difficult situations. A good and effective

leader can earn praises from his teammates.

Strategic Leadership Characteristics

Strategic leadership is defined as the ability to create and execute plans in order to achieve the goals of

an organization. Given below are some qualities a strategic leader should possess.

A good leader plans well, considering all the possibilities before the execution of a plan.

He is practical as well as pragmatic in order to succeed in his vision for the organization.

He knows proper time management and waits for the correct time to implement his plans.

He takes better decisions and sustains a high performance in the firm's operations effectively.

A good strategic leader has a high degree of self-confidence and good interpersonal and creativity

skills.

A good leader also believes in planning for the future and is committed to the firm's desired

strategic outcomes.

I claim to be no more than an average man with less than average abilities. I have notthe shadow of a doubt that any man or woman can achieve what I have, if he or she

would make the same effort and cultivate the same hope and faith.

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- GANDHI

Mahatma GandhiSpiritual/Political Leader and Humanitarian, 1869 - 1948

(Mohandas Karamchand) Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 inPorbandar, India.

He became one of the most respected spiritual and political leaders of the Twentieth

Cnetury. Gandhi helped free the Indian people from British rule through nonviolentresistance, and is honored by his people as the father of the Indian Nation. The Indian

people called GandhiMahatma, meaning Great Soul.

At age 13, Gandhi joined Kasturba, age 12, in a marriage arranged by their parents.

The Gandhis had four sons: Harilal and Manilal, born in India, and Ramdas and

Devdas born in South Africa. While Gandhi displayed loving kindness to everyone else,

he was quite demanding and severe with his wife and sons.Use the links below to

learn more about Gandhi's relationship with his family.

Gandhi studiedlaw in London and returned to India in 1891 to practice. In 1893 he

accepted a one year contract to do legalwork in South Africa. At the time South Africa

was controlled by the British. When he attempted to claim his rights as a British subjecthe was abused, and soon saw that all Indians suffered similar treatment. Gandhi

stayed in South Africa for 21 years working to secure rights for Indian people. He

developed a method of direct social action based upon the principles courage,

nonviolence and truth called Satyagraha. He believed that the way people behave is

more important than what they achieve. Satyagraha promoted nonviolence and civil

disobedience as the most appropriate methods for obtaining political and social goals.

In 1915 Gandhi returned to India. Within 15 years he became the leader of the Indian

nationalist movement. Using the tenets of Satyagraha he lead the campaign for Indian

independence from Britain. Gandhi was arrested many times by the British for his

activities in South Africa and India. He believed it was honorable to go to jail for a just

cause. Altogether he spent seven years in prison for his political activities. More than

once Gandhi used fasting to impress upon others the need to be nonviolent.

India was granted independence in 1947, and partitioned into India and Pakistan.

Rioting between Hindus and Muslims followed. Gandhi had been an advocate for a

united India where Hindus and Muslims lived together in peace. On January 13, 1948,

at the age of 78, he began a fast with the purpose of stopping the bloodshed. After 5

days the opposing leaders pledged to stop the fighting and Gandhi broke his fast.

Twelve days later he was assassinated by aHindufanatic who opposed his program of

tolerance for all creeds and religion.

Among the tributes to Gandhi upon his death were these words by the great physicist,

Albert Einstein:

Generations to come will scarce believe that such a

one as this walked the earth in flesh and blood.

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