Gaming consoles
description
Transcript of Gaming consoles
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Gaming consoles
Presented byPiyush Malhotra6th SEMESTER ITRoll No: 0747013108
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INTRODUCTION What is a “Gaming console”??
A gaming console is a form of interactive multimedia used for entertainment.
It is one of the best form of digital entertainment media available. Gaming consoles were initially designed for the sole purpose of playing electronic games.
It provides an interactive and an entertaining computer environment through an electronic device that produces a video display signal which can be used with a display device.
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Contd…
Gaming consoles have rapidly evolved since its inception incorporating all the latest advancements in technology namely:
Memory
Processing capabilities
Graphics
Sound
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Components of a gaming console User control interface
CPU
RAM
Software kernel
Storage medium for games
Video output
Audio output
Power supply
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HISTORY
The first home gaming console ever made was the Magnavox Odyssey invented by Magnavox in 1972.
The core consisted of 4 dozen diodes and transistors
Limited capabilities, only simple graphics could be produced.
No memory capabilities
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ATARI PONG First ever arcade game created in 1975, inspired by the
Odyssey and kick started the first generation of video game consoles.
Simulated table tennis game
Connected to a black and white TV locked in a 4 feet long wooden cabinet
All the wires of the console were soldered into the boards of the cabinet.
Technology based on the transistor-transistor logic where several p-n-p transistors were connected in the forward biased mode.
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ATARI PONG
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ATARI PONG Screen
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The Atari 2600 was the second generation gaming console invented by Atari Inc in 1977.
First console to have a microprocessor in its core circuitry, the MOS 6502
Through this console, the graphics chip, Stella, was introduced.
Memory storage of 128 bytes (RAM)
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Atari 2600 The games for ATARI 2600 consisted of
software which was encoded on to the ROM, which in turn were housed in plastic cartridges.
Each cartridge had a maximum capacity of 4 kilobytes,
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It was the third generation video game console introduced in 1985 by Nintendo
Revolution in the gaming industry
Introduced two very important concepts to the video game system industry
Use of gamepad controller instead of a joystick
Creating authentic reproduction of arcade video games in terms of graphics
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Nintendo entertainment system (NES)
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Nintendo entertainment system (NES)
Salient FeaturesTop loading cartridge slot was replaced with a front-loading mechanism
CPU consisted of a 8-bit microprocessor
2 Kb on onboard work RAM
Game cartridges contained expanded RAM (up to 16 Kb) to increase memory for efficient game execution.
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Nintendo entertainment system (NES)
Salient Features
Separate 2 Kb of Video RAM in a separate processing unit known as the Picture Processing Unit (PPU)
First console to support 5 audio channels, with volume control of 16 levels
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Fourth Generation video game console launched by Nintendo in 1991.
It marked a new era in which technology expanded from 8-bit microprocessors to 16-bit microprocessors
Introduced the concept of parallel processing in video game consoles.
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Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES)
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Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES)
First video game console to have a Direct Memory Access (DMA) unit.
Allowed hardware subsystems to access the system memory without being dependent on the CPU (128 Kb of onboard RAM).
DMA facility allowed PPU to directly access system memory in addition to the 64 Kb VRAM allowing enhanced graphical and video capability.
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Fifth Generation Consoles More commonly known as the 32-bit era or
the 3D era.
There were two popular fifth generation consoles
Sega Saturn
Sony PlayStation
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Introduced the concept of storing video games in a double speed CD ROM
Using CD ROM drives allowed a high data transfer rate and allowed more storage capacity for each game
It was capable of executing audio CDs, video CDs, photo CDs, and electronic books
Cache memory was introduced in the video game console industry through the Sega Saturn.
Two 256 Kb RAM for 3D graphics just to display effects of polygon rendering, background layers as well as other graphical processes
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Sega Saturn
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Sony playstation The first ever gaming console developed by
Sony Computer Entertainment in 1994.
Initiated a series of video game consoles which now span over three generations.
PlayStation was the first of those consoles.
CPU configurations were similar to the Sega Saturn with minor differences.
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Sony playstation The main memory consisted of a 2 MB RAM
Had a separate graphics processing unit which handles 2D graphics and 3D graphic separately.
First console which had the capability of playing Full Motion Videos (FMV).
Automatic detection and booting of games which were stored in CD ROMs.
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Sony playstation Introduced a new innovation of a separate
memory card for storing in-game data, with a maximum capacity of 128 Kb.
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Sony playstation
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Sixth generation consoles This generation saw a shift towards using DVD
ROMs for game media.
Games were longer and more visually appealing.
Online multiplayer gaming was supported by network adapters which were provided by these consoles to connect to a broadband internet connection.
Two main consoles:
PlayStation 2
XBOX
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An enhanced version of the PlayStation which was launched in 2000
Backward compatible with all PlayStation games, controllers, memory cards etc.
An in built CD as well as a DVD player
64 bit microprocessor with 32 MB RAM with an external 8 MB memory card
Separate graphics and audio processing units with 4 MB and 2 MB RAM respectively
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PlayStation 2
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Microsoft XBOX Microsoft’s first ever gaming console
released in 2001
CPU boasted of an Intel Pentium III processor
Memory of 64 MB RAM
Graphics unit built by NVIDIA
Hard drive consisting of 8-10 GB of space
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Microsoft XBOX
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Seventh generation consoles Current generation of video game consoles
Include the support of new disc format like the Blu-ray disc and HD DVD
Motion sensing technology and wireless controllers are also new innovations introduced in the seventh generation consoles
Three main consoles:
PlayStation 3
XBOX 360
Nintendo Wii
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Seventh generation consoles
These consoles are state of the art in terms of CPU processing and memory and are in accordance with the latest technology that we have today
The consoles include support for:
USB and Bluetooth
Wi-fi facilities
Dolby Digital Sound + NVIDIA Graphics
Hard drive capacity in excess of 250 GB
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Seventh generation consoles
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conclusionTechnological advancements from the first generation to the seventh generation consoles can certainly be appreciated
Gaming consoles have helped the industry understand the basic requirements of 3D and multimedia applications.
Gaming is indeed heading in the direction of becoming a mainstream form of entertainment.
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