Gaming and SimulationNew Approaches to Skills Development

James Karle, PhDTelos International Inc

902.894.4476jkarle@telosentertainment.com www.telosentertainment.com

Games Lubricate the Body and the Mind

– Benjamin Franklin

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY

EMPIRICALPSYCHOLOGY

APPLICATION

THEORY

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Value of Play

Game Principles and Training

Near Future Tools and Technologies

Outline

Value of Play

THE OPPOSITE OF PLAY ISN’T WORK, IT’S DEPRESSION

– STUART BROWN M.D.

Benefits of Play

Personal Health

Relationships

Education

Work

Normative Development

Physical Health

Mental Health

Skill Mastery

Empathy

Interpersonal CommunicationIntimacy

Norms & Mores

Personal Health

Relationships

Critical Thinking

Performance

Problem Solving

Retention

Work

Curiosity

Motivation

Task Completion

Team Work

Satisfaction

Critical Thinking

Performance

Problem Solving

Retention

Education

Curiosity

Motivation

Task Completion

Team Work

Satisfaction

Opposite of play is depression

Play is rarely used in training

Structure of training can fail to provide motivation

Use of mechanisms of play can generate motivation to learn

Summary

Principles of Gaming& Training

Gamification

Video Games as Training Platforms

Novice Virtuoso

10,000 hoursAverage number of hours

spent video gaming by age 21

~10,000 hours

gamification

~ the use gaming principles and mechanics to enhance non-game contexts ~

Low Motivation Task

PROFIT

Game mechanic(s)

Gamification Techniques

ACHIEVEMENTS / BADGES LEVELS LEADERBOARDS PROGRESS BARS UPGRADEABLE AVATARS VIRTUAL CURRENCY POINTS GIFTING TROPHIES

Pointification Techniques

ACHIEVEMENTS / BADGES LEVELS LEADERBOARDS PROGRESS BARS UPGRADEABLE AVATARS VIRTUAL CURRENCY POINTS GIFTING TROPHIESXExtrinsic

Rewards

Extrinsic RewardsMotivators that are external to the individual (Money, Grades, Points)

Intrinsic RewardsMotivators that are internal to the individual (Competence, Autonomy, Relatedness,)

Intrinsic Rewards > Extrinsic Rewards

Blissful Productivitywe are never so happy as when we are

doing hard but meaningful work

FEED

BACK Quests / Missions Online Feed back Dynamic Difficulties

Video Games as Training Platforms

http://www2.psych.ubc.ca/~rensink/flicker/download/index.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=vJG698U2Mvo

Video game players out perform non-players on measures of visual processing

1.5 hrGroup 1TETRIS

.25 hr 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr

1 hr1 hr

1 hr ...

1 hr

Time

1 hr 1.5 hr

pre-testvideo game

practice

Training period

lvl 1

1.5 hrGroup 2First Person Shooter

.25 hr 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr

1 hr1 hr

1 hr

1 hr 1 hr 1.5 hr

day 1

Debriefing and Questionnaire

.25hr

.25hr

Consent and task instructions

day 17

day 2 day 3 day 16day 14

...

.5 hr

.5 hr

post-test

Non-Gam

er

Gamer

video games develop

1. Visual Attention2. Spatial Reasoning3. Motor Control4. Executive Control5. Problem Solving6. Memory ???

working memory

Long-term memory

Fine & gross Motor

executive Control

attention Spatial Reasoning

target detection

drivingroute

prediction

accelerationBreakingShiftingetc

skill askill bskill c…Skill x

TASK SPECIFIC TRAINING

GENERAL COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Not all games are created equal

Action Games work well for visual processing

Interactive puzzles build spatial reasoning Working on defining what games features

influence various forms of development

On the Horizon

AffordableVirtual realty and Simulators

Online biometric performance

assessment and feedback

Take Home Messeges

Principles of play can be a valuable resources when looking to motivate learners Game mechanics and games can be used to increase the size of your training toolbox Off-the-shelf video games are effective at teaching specific skills and developing broad cognitive abilities

Thank you