Gamification in Software Engineering · 2016-12-25 · Gamification in Software Engineering Prof....

Gamification in Software

Engineering

Prof. Dr. Ulrike Hammerschall

University of Applied Sciences Munich

Department of Mathematics and Computer Science

3/7/2016

About me

� Work experience as a software engineer at sd&m (now

Capgemini).

� PhD at Technical University Munich (TUM).

� Since 2009 at University of Applied Sciences in Munich.

� Teaching:

– Programming (in Java), Software Engineering, Requirements

Engineering

� Research:

– Requirements Elicitation, Process Models, Agile Software

Development …

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Department of Computer Science and Mathematics

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The question …

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Can we use gamification to improve the

software development process?

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Gamification in the Gartner hype cycle - is

the hype over?

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http://edulearning2.blogspot.de

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Topics

� What is gamification?

� Dynamics, mechanics and components

� Why gamification works

� The gamification process

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What is gamification and what is it for?

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„The use of game elements and game-design techniques in non-

game contexts.“

[Werbach, 2012]

� Motivate behaviour change

� Motivate engagement

� Motivate learning processes

� Motivate problem solving (in teams)

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Stack Overflow – ask, help … and get

recognized

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http://stackoverflow.com/

ask, help, and win

badges as recognition

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Planning Poker – estimate user stories

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Find agreement about estimated

effort for user stories.

Game duration up to three

rounds per user story

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The Quality Language Game – improve

application quality

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http://www.tricode.nl/Updates/Blogs/the-early-adopters---gamifying-agile-series-46-bdetail

Find localization bugs in

Graphical User Interface

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Topics





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Game elements - Dynamics

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Relationships …

Constraints NarrativeEmotions Progression

Components

Mechanics

Dynamics: large-scale objectives of the game

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Game elements - Mechanics

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Feedback Rewards

…

Resources Transactions

Turns Win States

Challenges CompetitionChance Cooperation

Dynamics

Components

Mechanics: basic processes to drive the game

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Game Elements - Components

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Collections

Quests

Content

Unlocking

Virtual Goods

Points

Combat Gifting

Leaderboards

Teams

Levels

Social Graphs …

Achievements BadgesAvatars Boss Fights

Mechanics

Dynamics

Components: basic building blocks

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Game elements - EpicWin

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Collections QuestsContent

Unlocking

Virtual GoodsPointsLeaderboards Levels

Avatars


Feedback RewardsResources Chance


Relationships NarrativeEmotions Progression


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Game elements – Stack Overflow

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PointsLeaderboards Levels Badges


Feedback Rewards


Constraints Progression


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Game elements – Planning Poker

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PointsCombat Teams


Feedback Turns


Constraints Relationships


Cooperation

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Game elements – Quality Language Game

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AchievementsLevels Leaderboards


Rewards Chance


Progression Relationships


Cooperation Competition

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Topics





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Motivation – a driver for gamification

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Positive intrinsic motivation:

I really want to read this book.

Amotivation

I don‘t care about reading or not this book.

Positive extrinsic motivation:

I want to read the book, because I want to impress my friends.

Negative extrinsic motivation:

I have to read this book or I will fail class.

Negative intrinsic motivation:

I don‘t want to read this book.

Ga

mific

atio

n

he

lps

to

incre

ase

mo

tiva

tio

n

Desire

d

Behaviour

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Self-Determination Theory – a theory on

intrinsic motivation

� SDT: Human beings are

inherently proactive with a

strong desire to growth.

� Precondition is a feeling of

– Competence

– Autonomy

– Relatedness

� Intrinsic motivators!

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[Ryan, 2000]

Competence: learning, self-

improving

Autonomy control, choice,

decisions

Relatednessinteraction, sharing,

social connections

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Game elements as intrinsic motivators

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� progression

� rewards, challenges,

feedback

� quests, points,

badges, levels

� free choice to enter the

game.

� free choice how to play

the game.

� different story lines

based on decisions.

� relationships

� competition,

cooperation

� leaderboards, teams

� sharing in social

networks

Relatednessinteraction, sharing,

social connections

Autonomy control, choice,

decisions

Competence: learning, self-

improving

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Back to my question …

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Can we use gamification to improve the

software development process?

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… and a possible answer

� Whenever a high motivation would improve results and

the task that has to be done is not motivating by itself.

– find and validate the best requirements for your system.

– improve the quality of your artefacts (software / documentation).

– find in a team the best solution for a problem that cannot be

solved by automation.

– encourage team building and working in a team.

– share and improve knowledge in a team.

– …

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Topics





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Things that good games do well

� Encourage problem solving

� Sustain interest from novice to expert to master

� break down challenges into manageable steps

� promote team work

� give players a sense of control

� personalize experience to each participant

� reduce fear of failure

� cultivate a confident and optimistic attitude

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Process to gamification [Werbach, 2012]

� Define your (Business) goals

� Delineate target behaviour

� Describe your players

� Devise your activity cycles

� Don‘t forget the fun

� Deploy the tools

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Motivation

Feedback

Action

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A few thoughts on gamification

� Gamification is not only about points, badges and

leaderboards.

� Gamification can be a powerful instrument if properly

applied.

� Gamification can be discouraging if used in a wrong

way.

� Any game – even the best - gets boring after a while, if

there are no changes.

� Use game elements but don‘t talk about it!

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Research into human motivation demonstrates that

people will feel motivated by well-designed game

features.

[Werbach, 2012]

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A good start to learn more about

gamification…

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References

� [Werbach, 2012] Kevin Werbach, Dan Hunter: For the Win. How Game Thinking

Can Revolutionize your Business. Wharton digital press, 2012

� [Kapp, 2012] Karl M. Kapp: The Gamification of Learning and Instruction. Pfeiffer,

2012

� [Hohmann, 2006] Luke Hohmann, Innovation Games: Creating Breakthrough

Products Through Collaborative Play, Addison Wesley professional, 1 edition 2006.

� [Koster, 2013] Ralph Koster, A Theory of Fun for Game Design, O‘Reilly, second

edition, 2013.

� [Deterding, 2011] Deterding, S. et al., From game design elements to gamefulness.

In: Lugmayr, A., Franssila, H., Safran, C., Hammouda, I. (eds.) the 15th International

Academic MindTrek Conference, p. 9, 2011

� [Ryan, 2000] Richard M. Ryan, & Edward L. Deci, Self-Determination Theory and

the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being. In:

American Psychologist 55, 68–78. 2000

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Thank you for your attention!

Gamification in Software Engineering · 2016-12-25 · Gamification in Software Engineering Prof....

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