GAMBIA · Republic Senegal Côte d’Ivoire Chad LiberiaGuinea-Bissau Ethiopia Mauritania Gambia...
Transcript of GAMBIA · Republic Senegal Côte d’Ivoire Chad LiberiaGuinea-Bissau Ethiopia Mauritania Gambia...
SELECTED STATISTICS ON WOMEN’S STATUS
9% of women 20-24 years were married orin union before age 15
30% of women 20-24 years were married orin union before age 18
19% of women 20-24 years have given birthby age 18
58%of women 15-49 years think that ahusband/partner is justified in hitting orbeating his wife/partner under certaincircumstances
70%of women 15-49 years make use of atleast one type of information media atleast once a week (newspaper,magazine, television or radio)
Source: DHS 2013
Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to “all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.”1 While the exact number of girls and women worldwide who have undergone FGM remains unknown, at least 200 million girls and women have been cut in 30 countries with representative data on prevalence. FGM is a violation of girls’ and women’s human rights and is condemned by many international treaties and conventions, as well as by national legislation in many countries. Yet, where it is practised, FGM is performed in line with tradition and social norms to ensure that girls are socially accepted and marriageable, and to uphold their status and honour and that of the entire family. UNICEF works with government, civil society partners and other UN agencies towards the elimination of FGM in countries where it is still practised.
1. World Health Organization, Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An interagency statement, WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNIFEM, OHCHR, UNHCR, UNECA, UNESCO, UNDP, UNAIDS, WHO, Geneva, 2008, p. 4.
STATISTICAL PROFILE ON FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION
Data and Analytics SectionDIVISION OF DATA, RESEARCH AND POLICY
National decree/legislation banning FGM passed2015
GAMBIA
©UNICEF/NYHQ2009-0838/Parker
HOW WIDESPREAD IS THE PRACTICE?
Three in four girls and women of reproductive age have undergone FGM
WHEN AND HOW IS FGM PERFORMED?
More than half of adolescent girls who underwent FGM were cut before the age of 5
Notes: The boundaries and the names shown and the designations used on the map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Only categories with 25 or more unweighted cases are presented. Due to rounding, some of the data presented may not add up to 100 per cent. Prevalence data for girls aged 0 to 14 reflect their current, but not final, FGM/C status since some girls who have not been cut may still be at risk of experiencing the practice once they reach the customary age for cutting. Therefore, the data on prevalence for girls under age 15 is actually an underestimation of the true extent of the practice. Since age at cutting varies among settings, the amount of underestimation also varies and this should be kept in mind when interpreting all FGM prevalence data for this age group. Data on the prevalence of FGM among daughters of mothers who are unsure about the continuation of the practice are based on 25-49 unweighted cases. ‘Health personnel’ includes doctors, nurses, midwives and other health workers; ‘Traditional practitioner’ includes traditional circumcisers, traditional birth attendants, traditional midwives and other types of traditional practitioners. The 2013 DHS did not collect data on the prevalence of FGM among girls aged 0 to 14 years.Source for all charts on this page: DHS 2013, unless otherwise noted.
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 yearswho have undergone FGM, by local government areas
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM,by residence and religion
Percentage of girls aged 0 to 14 years who have undergone FGM (as reported by their mothers), by residence, mother’s education and wealth quintile
Percentage distribution of girls aged 15 to 19 years who have undergone FGM, by age at which cutting occurred
Percentage distribution of girls aged 0 to 14 years who have undergone FGM (as reported by their mothers), according to
the type of person/practitioner performing the procedure
Among daughters of cut girls and women, the percentage of girls aged 0 to 14 years who have undergone FGM, by mothers’
attitudes about whether the practice should continue
Percentage distribution of girls aged 0 to 14 yearswho have undergone FGM (as reported by their
mothers), by the type of FGM performed
Source: MICS 2010
26% - 50%
51% - 80% Above 80%
10% - 25%Less than 10%
75 7972 77
21
0
20
40
60
80
100
Total Rural Urban Muslim Christian
Source: MICS 2010
56 60 51
59 51
42 51
45
0
20
40
60
80
Total Rural Urban No education
Primary complete
Secondary or higher
Poorest Richest
100
75
54
0
20
40
60
80
100
6066
Daughters whosemothers think FGM
should continue
Daughters whosemothers say it
depends
Daughters whosemothers are
unsure
Daughters whosemothers think FGM
should stop
0 20 40 60 80 100
0-4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15+ years
Don’t know/Missing
60 111624
Source: MICS 2010 Source: MICS 2010
86
12
1
Cut, flesh removed
Type not determined/Not sure/Don’t know
Sewn closed
0.1
99
1
Traditionalpractitioner
Health personnel
Don’t know/Missing
WHAT ARE THE PREVAILING ATTITUDES TOWARDS FGM?
Almost two of three girls and women in Gambia support the continuation of FGM
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM and think the practice should continue, by wealth quintile, education, religion and age
There has been no significant change in the prevalence of FGM in Gambia
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM, by current age
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM, and percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM and think the practice should continue
IS THE PRACTICE OF FGM CHANGING?
Source for all of the above charts: DHS 2013, unless therwise noted.
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM,by their attitudes about whether the practice should continue
Among girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM, the percentage who cite specific benefits or
advantages for a girl to undergo the procedure
Think FGM should continue Think FGM should stop Say it depends/are not sure
0 100 20 40 60 80
23365
Source: MICS 2010
For self-esteem
Other
No benefits
Preservation of virginity
Prevent fooling around
Don’t know
37
28
19
17
14
6
6570
53
67 73
60 67
16
67 67
0
20
40
60
80
100
Total Poorest Richest No education Primary complete
Secondary or higher
Muslim Christian 45-49 years 15-19 years
78 7671
64
0
20
40
60
80
100 Prevalence of FGM Think FGM should continue
MICS 2005-2006 MICS 2010 DHS 2013
7565
76 75 77 74 74 74 76
45-49 years 40-44 years 35-39 years 30-34 years 25-29 years 20-24 years 15-19 years 0
20
40
60
80
100
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM
Percentage of girls aged 0 to 14 years who have undergone FGM (as reported by their mothers)
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM and think the practice should continue
GAMBIA
INTER-COUNTRY STATISTICAL OVERVIEW
Notes: Data on attitudes for Yemen refer to ever-married girls and women. In Liberia, girls and women who have heard of the Sande society were asked whether they were members; this provides indirect information on FGM since it is performed during initiation into the society. Egypt data refer to girls aged 1 to 14 years and Indonesia data refer to girls aged 0 to 11 years. An older source is used to report on the prevalence of FGM among girls aged 0 to 14 years for Gambia (MICS 2010) and Uganda (DHS 2011) since the latest source did not collect these data. MICS data for Ghana (2011) could not be used to report on attitudes towards FGM due to the fact that information is missing for girls and women with no living daughters; data from MICS 2006 are used instead. In Liberia, only cut girls and women were asked about their attitudes towards FGM; since girls and women from practicing communities are more likely to support the practice, the level of support in this country as captured by DHS 2013 is higher than would be expected had all girls and women been asked their opinion. Prevalence data on FGM for girls and women aged 15 to 49 years and data on attitudes towards FGM are not available for Indonesia.
Sources: DHS, MICS, Health Issues Survey, Population and Health Survey and RISKESDAS, 2004-2018.
Updated January 2019
FOR MORE INFORMATIONData and Analytics Section - Division of Data, Research and Policy
UNICEF, 3 UN Plaza, New York, 10017Website: data.unicef.org Email: [email protected]
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